CN111606331A - Preparation method of ammonium nitrate aqueous solution - Google Patents
Preparation method of ammonium nitrate aqueous solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN111606331A CN111606331A CN202010334298.5A CN202010334298A CN111606331A CN 111606331 A CN111606331 A CN 111606331A CN 202010334298 A CN202010334298 A CN 202010334298A CN 111606331 A CN111606331 A CN 111606331A
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- ammonium nitrate
- nitric acid
- aqueous solution
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium
- C01C1/185—Preparation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, which comprises the following steps: diluting ammonia water to obtain diluted ammonia water; diluting nitric acid to obtain diluted nitric acid; and mixing the diluted ammonia water and the diluted nitric acid to prepare the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution. Through the scheme, the invention achieves the effects of simple preparation method, environmental protection, safety, stability, low preparation difficulty coefficient and strong realizability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ammonium nitrate preparation, in particular to a method for preparing an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
Background
Ammonium nitrate is a product easy to explode and has strict control. But in the production and use of the reagent, the reagent is one of indispensable varieties, such as nitrite used for pollution-free reduction in nitrate production and the preparation of the reagent (such as the preparation of an ASTM G66-99(2013)5XXX series alloy aluminum corrosion test solution in ship barge manufacturing); in agricultural and forestry production, ammonium nitrate is also a high-quality nitrogen source nutrient element, such as the preparation of nutrient solution in plant seedling culture. Solid ammonium nitrate is a hazardous chemical, which has stringent requirements for both production and storage. If nitric acid and ammonia are mixed directly, the vapor of nitric acid and the vapor of ammonia meet in air, producing a white smoke. A large amount of heat is discharged in the reaction process, even the process of splashing is generated, the process is very dangerous and is not easy to control.
At present, the common method for preparing the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution on the market is to dilute solid ammonium nitrate with water to obtain the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with different concentrations, but additives such as an explosion-proof agent and the like are added into the solid ammonium nitrate in the preparation process, so the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution obtained by diluting the solid ammonium nitrate with water contains impurities, and the problem of low purity exists.
Therefore, the invention discloses a preparation method of an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, which has the advantages of simple preparation method, environmental protection, safety, stability, low preparation difficulty coefficient and strong realizability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution, comprising the steps of:
step S01: weighing the mass as L1Adding 2L of normal temperature ammonia water with the weight portion and the concentration of A%1Pure water with the temperature of Q ℃ is used for obtaining first diluted ammonia water;
step S02: weighing 1.43L1Adding 2.86L of normal temperature nitric acid with the concentration of B%1Pure water with the temperature of Q ℃ is used for obtaining first diluted nitric acid;
step S03: adding the first diluted ammonia water obtained in the step S01 into the first diluted nitric acid obtained in the step S02 to obtain a first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution;
step S04, weighing the mass as L2Adding 2L of normal temperature ammonia water with the weight portion and the concentration of A%2Obtaining second diluted ammonia water in the first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the temperature of M ℃;
step S05, weighing 1.36L2Adding 2.73L of normal temperature nitric acid with the concentration of B%2Obtaining second diluted nitric acid in a first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the temperature of M ℃;
and step S06, adding the second diluted ammonia water obtained in the step S04 into the second diluted nitric acid obtained in the step S05 to obtain a second ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
Further, the pure water is three-level pure water.
Further, the concentration of the nitric acid ranges from 65.0% to 68.0%, and the concentration of the ammonia water ranges from 25.0% to 28.0%.
Further, the first and second aqueous ammonium nitrate solutions each have a PH of 5.5.
Further, the concentration of the second aqueous ammonium nitrate solution obtained in the step S06 is higher than that of the first aqueous ammonium nitrate solution obtained in the step S03.
Further, the error of the ratio of the mass ratio of the nitric acid to the ammonia water is ± 0.05.
Further, the temperature of the normal-temperature ammonia water is 20 ℃, and the temperature of the normal-temperature nitric acid is 25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) if the nitric acid and the ammonia water are directly mixed, white mist can be generated when the vapor of the nitric acid and the vapor of the ammonia water meet in the air, if the nitric acid and the ammonia water are directly mixed and react, a large amount of heat can be released in the reaction process of the nitric acid and the ammonia water, even the explosion splash can be generated, the process is very dangerous and is not easy to control, the ammonia water and the nitric acid are skillfully diluted respectively and then mixed to prepare the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution, the difficulty coefficient of an experiment is not increased, the ammonia water and the nitric acid obtained after the dilution respectively react mildly, and the experiment process is safer and more reliable.
(2) The invention skillfully prepares the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution in the water state, and the state of the ammonium nitrate in the aqueous solution state is safer and more stable.
(3) The method has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, safety, low preparation difficulty coefficient and strong realizability.
(4) The invention strictly controls the mass ratio of the nitric acid to the ammonia water and the temperature of the diluted liquid, and ensures the realizability and the safety of the test.
(5) According to the invention, the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with lower concentration is prepared firstly, and then the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with lower concentration is used as the diluent to prepare the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with higher concentration, so that the safety of the test process is ensured.
The preparation method of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution has high practical value and popularization value in the field of ammonium nitrate preparation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the production process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Examples
Referring to figure 1, relates to a method for preparing ammonium nitrate aqueous solution. In the present embodiment, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the similar components, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection. In the present embodiment, the terms of orientation such as "bottom", "top", "peripheral edge", "center", and the like are explained based on the drawings.
Example 1
Specifically, the preparation method of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution comprises the following steps:
step S01: weighing 38.25 parts by mass of ammonia water with the concentration of 26.0% and the temperature of 20 ℃, adding the ammonia water into 76.5 parts by mass of pure water with the temperature of 20 ℃ to prepare first diluted ammonia water;
step S02: 54.51 parts by mass of nitric acid with the concentration of 65% and the temperature of 25 ℃ is weighed and added into 109.02 parts by mass of pure water with the temperature of 20 ℃ to prepare first diluted nitric acid;
step S03: and (4) adding the first diluted ammonia water obtained in the step S01 into the first diluted nitric acid obtained in the step S02 to obtain a first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
In this embodiment, the dilution temperature during the ammonia water dilution in step S01 is maintained at 20 ℃, and the dilution temperature during the nitric acid dilution in step S02 is increased from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
In this example, the reaction temperature of the first diluted ammonia water and the first diluted nitric acid in step S03 was increased from 30 ℃ to 54 ℃.
In this example, the first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution had a concentration of 5.25% and a PH of 5.5.
In this embodiment, the pure water is three-stage pure water.
Example 2
Specifically, the preparation method of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution comprises the following steps:
step S01: weighing 62.21 parts by mass of ammonia water with the concentration of 26% and the temperature of 20 ℃ and adding the ammonia water into 119 parts by mass of first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 5.25% and the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain second diluted ammonia water;
step S02: 84.81 parts by mass of nitric acid with the concentration of 65% and the temperature of 25 ℃ is weighed and added into 169.61 parts by mass of first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 5.25% and the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain second diluted nitric acid;
and S03, adding the second diluted ammonia water prepared in the step S01 into the second diluted nitric acid prepared in the step S02 to prepare a second ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
In this embodiment, the dilution temperature during the ammonia water dilution in step S01 is decreased from 40 ℃ to 32 ℃, and the dilution temperature during the nitric acid dilution in step S02 is increased from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃.
In this example, the reaction temperature of the second diluted ammonia water and the second diluted nitric acid in step S03 was increased from 50 ℃ to 70 ℃.
In this example, the concentration of the second ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was 19.63%, and the PH was 5.5.
In this embodiment, the pure water is three-stage pure water.
Example 3
Specifically, the preparation method of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution comprises the following steps:
step S01: weighing 85 parts by mass of ammonia water with the concentration of 26% and the temperature of 20 ℃ and adding the ammonia water into a second ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass of 170 parts and the concentration of 19.63% and the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain third diluted ammonia water;
step S02: weighing 121 parts by mass of 65% nitric acid at a temperature of 25 ℃ and adding 242.3 parts by mass of 19.63% nitric acid at a temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain third diluted nitric acid;
and S03, adding the third diluted ammonia water prepared in the step S01 into the third diluted nitric acid prepared in the step S02 to prepare a third ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
In this embodiment, the dilution temperature during the dilution of ammonia water in step S01 is kept at 30 ℃, and the dilution temperature during the dilution of nitric acid in step S02 is increased from 30 ℃ to 44 ℃.
In this example, the reaction temperature of the third diluted ammonia water and the third diluted nitric acid in step S03 was increased from 44 ℃ to 62 ℃.
In this example, the concentration of the third ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was 29.25% and the PH was 5.5.
In this embodiment, the pure water is three-stage pure water.
Example 4
Step S01: weighing 136 parts by mass of ammonia water with the concentration of 26% and the temperature of 20 ℃, and adding the ammonia water into a third ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass of 270 parts, the concentration of 29.25% and the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain fourth diluted ammonia water;
step S02: weighing 193 parts by mass of nitric acid with the concentration of 65% and the temperature of 25 ℃ and adding the nitric acid into 362 parts by mass of a third ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 29.25% and the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain fourth diluted nitric acid;
and S03, adding the fourth diluted ammonia water prepared in the step S01 into the fourth diluted nitric acid prepared in the step S02 to prepare a fourth ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
In this embodiment, the dilution temperature during the ammonia water dilution in step S01 is maintained at 20 ℃, and the dilution temperature during the nitric acid dilution in step S02 is increased from 20 ℃ to 40 ℃.
In this example, the reaction temperature of the fourth diluted ammonia water and the fourth diluted nitric acid in step S03 was increased from 40 ℃ to 62 ℃.
In this example, the concentration of the fourth ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was 39.18%, and the PH was 5.5.
In this embodiment, the pure water is three-stage pure water.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, but all the modifications made by the principles of the present invention and the non-inventive efforts based on the above-mentioned embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S01: weighing the mass as L1Adding normal temperature ammonia water with the concentration of B% in parts by mass to 2L1Obtaining first diluted ammonia water by mixing the components in pure water at the temperature of 20 ℃;
step S02: weighing 1.43L1Adding 2.86L of normal temperature nitric acid with the concentration of B%1Obtaining first diluted nitric acid by mixing the nitric acid with pure water at the temperature of 20 ℃;
step S03: adding the first diluted ammonia water obtained in the step S01 into the first diluted nitric acid obtained in the step S02 to obtain a first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution;
step S04, weighing the mass as L2Adding 2L of normal temperature ammonia water with the weight portion and the concentration of A%2Obtaining second diluted ammonia water from the first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the temperature of 40 ℃;
step S05, weighing 1.36L2Normal temperature nitric acid with B% concentrationAdding into a reactor with the mass of 2.73L2Obtaining second diluted nitric acid from the first ammonium nitrate aqueous solution with the temperature of 40 ℃;
and step S06, adding the second diluted ammonia water obtained in the step S04 into the second diluted nitric acid obtained in the step S05 to obtain a second ammonium nitrate aqueous solution.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pure water is tertiary pure water.
3. The method for preparing the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 65.0-68.0%, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 25.0-28.0%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate have a PH of 5.5.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the second aqueous ammonium nitrate solution obtained in step S06 is higher than the concentration of the first aqueous ammonium nitrate solution obtained in step S03.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the ammonia water at normal temperature is 20 ℃ and the temperature of the nitric acid at normal temperature is 25 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the error in the ratio of the mass ratio of the nitric acid to the mass ratio of the aqueous ammonia solution is ± 0.05.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB101090A (en) * | 1916-07-24 | 1917-07-24 | Feanklin Wise Howorth | Improvements in the Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate. |
| US3285695A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1966-11-15 | Chemical Construction Corp | Production of ammonium nitrate |
| RU2013153498A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2015-06-27 | Дзе Юниверсити Оф Сидней | INTEGRATED METHOD FOR PRODUCING AMMONIUM NITRATE |
| CN106348315A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-25 | 赛鼎工程有限公司 | Ammonium nitrate preparation technology by flash evaporation |
| CN110803970A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-18 | 湖北东神天神实业有限公司 | Preparation method of anti-caking expanded ammonium nitrate explosive |
| CN210261594U (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-04-07 | 天脊煤化工集团股份有限公司 | Ammonium nitrate solution product preparation system |
-
2020
- 2020-04-24 CN CN202010334298.5A patent/CN111606331A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB101090A (en) * | 1916-07-24 | 1917-07-24 | Feanklin Wise Howorth | Improvements in the Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate. |
| US3285695A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1966-11-15 | Chemical Construction Corp | Production of ammonium nitrate |
| RU2013153498A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2015-06-27 | Дзе Юниверсити Оф Сидней | INTEGRATED METHOD FOR PRODUCING AMMONIUM NITRATE |
| CN106348315A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-25 | 赛鼎工程有限公司 | Ammonium nitrate preparation technology by flash evaporation |
| CN210261594U (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-04-07 | 天脊煤化工集团股份有限公司 | Ammonium nitrate solution product preparation system |
| CN110803970A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-18 | 湖北东神天神实业有限公司 | Preparation method of anti-caking expanded ammonium nitrate explosive |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 门铁夫: "我厂中空纤维N_3―H_2膜分离装置运行情况总结", 《中氮肥》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200901 |