CN111604164B - Method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate - Google Patents

Method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate Download PDF

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CN111604164B
CN111604164B CN202010473102.0A CN202010473102A CN111604164B CN 111604164 B CN111604164 B CN 111604164B CN 202010473102 A CN202010473102 A CN 202010473102A CN 111604164 B CN111604164 B CN 111604164B
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roasting
tailings
iron
grinding
magnetic separation
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CN111604164A (en
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韩跃新
李文博
李艳军
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Northeastern University China
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
    • B03C1/015—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and comprises the following process steps: selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of more than 5%; then, completing the processes of dehydration, preoxidation and heat recovery of roasting waste gas by using the cyanidation tailings under the action of hot air through a preoxidation roasting link; the iron in the material can be completely converted into ferric oxide through pre-oxidation roasting, and meanwhile, cyanide in the material is removed; then, all iron in the material is converted into magnetic ferroferric oxide through reduction roasting; and finally, carrying out ore grinding-magnetic separation and two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation on the crystal-broken roasted product to obtain final iron ore concentrate. After the treatment by the method, the product does not contain cyanide and does not belong to dangerous waste, the output of the dangerous waste in the production process of enterprises is reduced, and qualified iron ore concentrate is recycled, so that the comprehensive utilization of the resource of the cyanided tailings is realized.

Description

Method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and particularly relates to a method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate.
Background
More than 5000 ten thousand tons of ore dressing and leaching tailings are generated in the gold dressing and metallurgy production process in China every year, wherein most of the tailings are cyanidation tailings in the cyanidation process. The cyanidation tailings contain a large amount of other valuable components in addition to the insufficiently recovered Au and Ag. The useful components in the tailings vary from region to region, and the iron-containing cyanidation tailings are abundant. Iron minerals in the cyanidation tailings mainly exist in the forms of hematite, pyrite, limonite and the like, and the direct stacking of the cyanidation tailings can cause the waste of iron-containing minerals. At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of cyanidation tailings in China is less than 10%, and a large amount of cyanidation tailings can only be stacked and treated. The piled cyanide tailings not only occupy a large amount of land, but also cause harm to the surrounding environment due to the contained cyanide, and the tailings dam also causes great potential safety hazard to local residents.
In conclusion, the development of new technologies and the development of new equipment for comprehensive utilization of cyanidation tailings become an urgent problem to be solved in the gold industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the current situation of treatment of cyanidation tailings in the gold industry, and aims to develop a treatment method for breaking cyanides from cyanidation tailings after gold leaching and recovering iron. The method is mainly a processing method for processing cyanidation tailings by using a crystal breaking roasting system, and performing conventional magnetic separation on the processed materials to obtain qualified iron ore concentrate.
A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials:
selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of more than 5%;
step 2, crystal breaking and roasting:
(1) pre-oxidizing and roasting: feeding the prepared cyanide tailings into a roasting pre-oxidation chamber of a suspension roasting furnace system, and performing dehydration, pre-oxidation and heat recovery of roasting waste gas on the cyanide tailings under the action of hot air, wherein the pre-oxidation roasting temperature is 300-950 ℃, the roasting time is 10 min-5 h, the roasting negative pressure is-2 to-50 kpa, and the roasting atmosphere is an peroxy environment; the pre-oxidation roasting can convert all iron in the materials into ferric oxide and simultaneously remove cyanide in the ferric oxide;
(2) reduction roasting: carrying out reduction roasting on the pre-oxidized product, controlling the reduction roasting temperature to be 300-800 ℃, and roasting for 10 min-2 h, wherein the reduction gas can be hydrogen, carbon monoxide or a mixed gas of the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide; reducing and roasting the iron in the material to convert all the iron into magnetic ferroferric oxide;
step 3, grinding and magnetic separation:
grinding the reduction roasting product, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.038 mm, and the content of the ground product is 50-98%; carrying out magnetic separation after grinding, and obtaining rough concentrate and a section of magnetic separation tailings under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 0.1-0.5T;
step 4, secondary grinding-magnetic separation:
and performing secondary grinding on the obtained rough concentrate, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.028 mm, the content of the rough concentrate is 50-98%, and then obtaining the final qualified iron concentrate and secondary magnetic separation tailings under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 0.1-0.5T.
The method for decyanating cyanidation of cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the content of TFe in the cyanided tailings after removing iron from the iron silicate is required to be 5% or more, and the higher the content, the more advantageous the content is.
In the step 2(1), the negative pressure range of the pre-oxidation roasting is preferably-5 to-20 kpa, the roasting temperature is preferably 350 to 650 ℃, and the roasting time is preferably 10min to 2 h.
In the step 2(2), the temperature of reduction roasting is preferably 400-700 ℃, and the roasting time is preferably 10 min-2 h.
In the steps 3-4, the selection of the grinding fineness and the magnetic field intensity is different along with the different properties of the ore.
The crystal breaking roasting in the step 2 adopts a suspension roasting furnace system, and the suspension roasting furnace system adopts a patent CN201710588594.6 (a suspension roasting comprehensive utilization system and method of iron-containing manganese ore).
The specific process of the method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate is shown in figure 1, the iron-containing cyanidation tailings are subjected to pre-oxidation roasting treatment to remove cyanides in the cyanidation tailings, and iron is oxidized into ferric oxide; reducing and roasting the oxidized product to reduce iron in the oxidized product into ferroferric oxide; and finally, carrying out ore grinding-magnetic separation and two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation on the crystal-broken roasted product to obtain final iron ore concentrate.
The method is suitable for iron-containing materials in cyanidation tailings, wherein the TFe content except iron in iron silicate is required to be more than 5%.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. after the treatment by the method, the product does not contain cyanide and does not belong to dangerous waste, so that the output of the dangerous waste in the production process of enterprises is reduced;
2. after the treatment by the method, the qualified iron ore concentrate can be recovered, so that the comprehensive utilization of the resource of the cyanided tailings is realized;
3. after the treatment by the method, part of tailings are changed into iron ore concentrate which can be sold, so that the tailing amount of enterprises is reduced;
4. by using the method, the obtained iron concentrate generates new economic benefit, the investment for treating tailings is compensated, and the economic benefit is greater than the cost for treating tailings, so that the economic benefit of enterprises is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the operation of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific embodiments. The ore feeding in the embodiment is tailings obtained by cyaniding and leaching gold ores in some places in Yunnan province by adopting a roasting process, wherein the content of TFe is 30.15 percent, and the content of cyanogen is 639.53 mg/l.
Example 1
A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1, preparing materials:
selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of 30.15%;
step 2, crystal breaking and roasting:
(1) pre-oxidizing and roasting: feeding the prepared cyanide tailings into a roasting pre-oxidation chamber of a suspension roasting furnace system, and dehydrating, pre-oxidizing and recovering heat of roasting waste gas by the cyanide tailings under the action of hot air, wherein the pre-oxidation roasting temperature is 300-600 ℃, the roasting time is 2-5 h, the roasting negative pressure is-10.5 kpa, and the roasting atmosphere is an peroxy environment; the pre-oxidation roasting can convert all iron in the materials into ferric oxide and simultaneously remove cyanide in the materials;
(2) reduction roasting: carrying out reduction roasting on the pre-oxidized product, controlling the reduction roasting temperature to be 300-500 ℃, roasting time to be 1-2 h, and reducing gas being mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; reducing and roasting the iron in the material to convert all the iron into magnetic ferroferric oxide;
step 3, grinding and magnetic separation:
grinding the reduction roasting product, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.038 mm, and the content of the grinding is 65%; carrying out magnetic separation after grinding, and obtaining rough concentrate and a section of magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.3T of magnetic field intensity;
step 4, two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation:
and performing secondary grinding on the obtained rough concentrate, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.028 mm and the content is 75%, and then obtaining the final iron concentrate and secondary magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.2T magnetic field intensity.
In example 1, the iron ore concentrate with TFe grade of 66.24 percent and recovery rate of 74.34 percent and without cyanide and the final tailings without cyanide can be finally obtained.
Example 2
A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1, preparing materials:
selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of 40.2%;
step 2, crystal breaking and roasting:
(1) pre-oxidizing and roasting: feeding the prepared cyanide tailings into a roasting pre-oxidation chamber of a suspension roasting furnace system, and dehydrating, pre-oxidizing and recovering heat of roasting waste gas by the cyanide tailings under the action of hot air, wherein the pre-oxidation roasting temperature is 500-700 ℃, the roasting time is 1-3 h, the roasting negative pressure is-20 kpa, and the roasting atmosphere is an peroxy environment; the pre-oxidation roasting can convert all iron in the materials into ferric oxide and simultaneously remove cyanide in the ferric oxide;
(2) reduction roasting: carrying out reduction roasting on the pre-oxidized product, controlling the reduction roasting temperature to be 400-600 ℃, roasting time to be 10 min-1 h, and reducing gas to be mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; reducing and roasting the iron in the material to convert all the iron into magnetic ferroferric oxide;
step 3, grinding and magnetic separation:
grinding the reduction roasting product, wherein the grinding fineness is 85% of the content of-0.038 mm; carrying out magnetic separation after grinding, and obtaining rough concentrate and a section of magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.2T of magnetic field intensity;
step 4, two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation:
and performing secondary grinding on the obtained rough concentrate, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.028 mm and the content is 90%, and then obtaining the final iron concentrate and secondary magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.2T magnetic field intensity.
In example 2, the TFe grade is 67.04%, the recovery rate is 84.34%, and cyanide-free iron ore concentrate and cyanide-free final tailings can be obtained finally.
Example 3
A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1, preparing materials:
selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of 10.24%;
step 2, crystal breaking and roasting:
(1) pre-oxidizing and roasting: feeding the prepared cyanide tailings into a roasting pre-oxidation chamber of a suspension roasting furnace system, and dehydrating, pre-oxidizing and recovering heat of roasting waste gas by the cyanide tailings under the action of hot air, wherein the pre-oxidation roasting temperature is 600-800 ℃, the roasting time is 1-3 h, the roasting negative pressure is-5 kpa, and the roasting atmosphere is a peroxy environment; the pre-oxidation roasting can convert all iron in the materials into ferric oxide and simultaneously remove cyanide in the ferric oxide;
(2) reduction roasting: carrying out reduction roasting on the pre-oxidized product, controlling the reduction roasting temperature to be 500-800 ℃, roasting time to be 10-30 min, and using reducing gas as hydrogen; reducing and roasting the iron in the material to convert all the iron into magnetic ferroferric oxide;
step 3, grinding and magnetic separation:
grinding the reduction roasting product, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.038 mm and the content is 95%; carrying out magnetic separation after grinding, and obtaining rough concentrate and a section of magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.3T of magnetic field intensity;
step 4, two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation:
and performing secondary grinding on the obtained rough concentrate, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.028 mm and the content is 95%, and then obtaining the final iron concentrate and secondary magnetic separation tailings under the condition of 0.2T magnetic field intensity.
In example 3, the TFe grade of 65.04 percent is finally obtained, the recovery rate is 64.34 percent, and the iron ore concentrate and the final tailings are cyanide-free.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials:
selecting cyaniding tailings with TFe content of more than 5%;
step 2, crystal breaking and roasting:
(1) pre-oxidizing and roasting: feeding the prepared cyanide tailings into a roasting pre-oxidation chamber of a suspension roasting furnace system, and dehydrating, pre-oxidizing and recovering heat of roasting waste gas by the cyanide tailings under the action of hot air, wherein the pre-oxidation roasting temperature is 350-650 ℃, the roasting time is 10 min-5 h, the roasting negative pressure is-2 to-50 kpa, and the roasting atmosphere is an peroxy environment; pre-oxidizing and roasting to convert all iron in the material into ferric oxide and simultaneously remove cyanide in the ferric oxide;
(2) reduction roasting: carrying out reduction roasting on the pre-oxidized product, controlling the reduction roasting temperature to be 400-700 ℃, and roasting for 10 min-2 h, wherein the reducing gas can be hydrogen, carbon monoxide or a mixed gas of the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide; reducing and roasting the iron in the material to convert all the iron into magnetic ferroferric oxide;
step 3, grinding and magnetic separation:
grinding the reduction roasting product, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.038 mm, and the content of the ground product is 50-98%; after grinding, carrying out magnetic separation, and obtaining rough concentrate and a section of magnetic separation tailings under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 0.1-0.5T;
step 4, two-stage ore grinding-magnetic separation:
and carrying out secondary grinding on the obtained rough concentrate, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.028 mm, the content of the rough concentrate is 50-98%, and then obtaining the final qualified iron concentrate and the secondary magnetic separation tailings under the condition that the magnetic field intensity is 0.1-0.5T.
2. The method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of TFe in the cyanidation tailings in the step 1 after removing iron in the iron silicate is required to be more than 5%.
3. The method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative pressure range of the pre-oxidation roasting in the step 2(1) is-5 to-20 kpa, and the roasting time is 10min to 2 h.
4. The method for decyanating cyanidation tailings and comprehensively recovering iron ore concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the crystal breaking roasting of the step 2 adopts a suspension roasting furnace system.
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