CN111600509B - Preparation method of gradient silica particle-based photovoltaic device - Google Patents
Preparation method of gradient silica particle-based photovoltaic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111600509B CN111600509B CN202010049851.0A CN202010049851A CN111600509B CN 111600509 B CN111600509 B CN 111600509B CN 202010049851 A CN202010049851 A CN 202010049851A CN 111600509 B CN111600509 B CN 111600509B
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013082 photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a photovoltaic device based on gradient silica particles. Firstly, respectively dispersing silicon dioxide particle powder with different sizes in a solvent to obtain silicon dioxide slurry; and then, respectively coating silicon dioxide particle slurries with different sizes on the substrate from bottom to top, wherein the bottom is provided with small-size nano particles, the sizes of the nano particles are gradually increased from bottom to top, and drying to obtain the gradient silicon dioxide coating-based photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic device prepared by the method can generate electric energy spontaneously by virtue of capillary action of the silicon dioxide coating and water evaporation, does not need additional energy input, has a high spontaneous power generation mode, is less limited by environment, has high energy output, can be maintained for a long time, and is suitable for various application scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water evaporation power generation device preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a water-borne device based on gradient silica particles.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation device is expected to develop into a very compact clean energy supply and intelligent system. The solar energy and the waste heat can be combined to obviously improve the evaporation generating capacity, and the solar energy and the waste heat have a larger development space than the photovoltaic technology in theory. The water covers about 71% of the earth's surface and is about 70% by weight in the human body. The water is closely related to energy, maintains the energy circulation of the earth system, and the temperature balance of organisms, and is a natural energy absorber, an energy accumulator, a transducer and an energy transducer. Approximately 70% of the solar radiation reaching the surface energy is absorbed by water, which dynamically absorbs and releases energy on earth with an average annual power up to 60 trillion kw, 3 orders of magnitude higher than the average annual energy consumption power of a whole human. The water stores the absorbed heat in the form of heat energy and kinetic energy, and converts the stored solar energy into various forms of energy such as mechanical energy in the forms of evaporation, condensation, cloud and rain forming and wave making. The traditional water energy utilization mode is greatly limited by natural conditions, is easily influenced by external factors such as terrain, climate and the like, and is easy to cause ecological damage and cost increase in the construction and use of large facility equipment.
The nano material has obvious quantum effect and surface effect, can be coupled with various forms of water to output obvious electric signals, for example, graphene can directly convert the energy of dragging and dropping water drops into electric energy through boundary motion of an electric double layer, and can also convert sea water fluctuation energy into electric energy. The nanostructure materials such as carbon black can continuously generate electric energy of volt level through natural evaporation of ubiquitous water in the atmosphere. This type of phenomenon of direct conversion of water energy into electrical energy is known as the "hydro-voltaic effect". The water-voltage effect opens up a brand new direction for capturing the water energy of the earth water circulation by the full chain, and improves the water energy utilization capacity. Guo Molin, qu Liang, zhang Chuhua, tang Qunwei, zhou Jianxin, zhou Jun et al have conducted an initial study in the field of water science and technology. The research of the photovoltaic effect has just started, and the potential application of the photovoltaic material can bring great social and economic significance, and the development of novel photovoltaic materials and devices with diversified application environments, high energy conversion efficiency and low power generation cost is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a water-borne device based on gradient silica particles. There are many examples of capillary phenomena in nature and daily life. The conduit in the plant stem is a very fine capillary tube in the plant body, which can suck up the water in the soil. Brick water absorption, towel sweat absorption and chalk ink absorption are all common capillary phenomena. In these objects there are many tiny channels, which act as capillaries. Silica particles, commonly known as white carbon black, have a number of unique properties. At pH >2.5, the silica surface is first hydrated and then ionized, the resulting anions remain on the nanoparticle surface, and the silica particle surface is negatively charged. When water flows through the pore channels, the surfaces of the pore channels have rich negative charges, so that an electric double layer is formed on the surfaces, and cations are enriched in the water flow direction under the drive of flowing liquid, so that flowing voltage and flowing current are generated. Silicon dioxide nano particles with different sizes are selected and coated on different areas of the photovoltaic device from bottom to top respectively, gradient difference is constructed, and due to the difference of specific surface areas, ion concentration difference is formed, so that another power of ion diffusion can be provided, and output voltage is further improved. The gradient construction method can also lead the device to be separated from water environment, and absorb water under the condition of higher environmental humidity to generate voltage and current signals.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a photovoltaic device based on gradient silica particles, comprising the steps of:
(1) Respectively dispersing silicon dioxide particle powder with different sizes in a solvent to obtain silicon dioxide slurry;
(2) And (3) coating silicon dioxide particle slurries with different sizes on one surface of the substrate, wherein the silicon dioxide particle slurries are coated on one surface of the substrate from bottom to top, the bottom is provided with small-size nano particles, the sizes of the nano particles are gradually increased from bottom to top, after one region is completely dried, the next region is sequentially coated, and the gradient silicon dioxide coating-based photovoltaic device is obtained after drying.
The silica particles in step (1) have a size of 10 to 1000nm.
The solvent in the step (1) is methanol, ethanol or deionized water, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide to the solvent is 3:7-7:3.
The substrate in the step (2) is a flexible substrate, and the flexible substrate is a polyester resin film, a polyimide film, a polyvinyl chloride film, a polypropylene film, a polytetrafluoroethylene film or a teflon adhesive tape.
The electrode materials of the upper electrode and the lower electrode in the step (2) are inorganic conductive materials or metal conductive materials, and the electrode interval between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 1cm to 5cm.
The drying time in the step (2) is 1s-1800s, and the drying temperature is 0-80 ℃.
The thickness of the silica coating in the step (2) is 5-100 μm.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The photovoltaic device prepared by the method can generate electric energy spontaneously by virtue of capillary action of the silicon dioxide coating and water evaporation, does not need additional energy input, has a high spontaneous power generation mode, is less limited by environment, has high energy output, can be maintained for a long time, and is suitable for various application scenes.
(2) According to the method, the size of the silicon dioxide nano particles is gradually increased from bottom to top, the specific surface area shows a negative correlation with the size, so that the concentration of ions ionized from the bottom is higher than that of ions ionized from the top, the ions at the bottom are promoted to diffuse upwards, the ions and the driving action of water flow act cooperatively, another power of ion diffusion can be provided, and the output voltage is further improved.
(3) The method adopts a gradient construction method, so that the device can be separated from water environment, and can absorb water under the condition of higher humidity to generate voltage and current signals, namely, the moisture power generation, and the method can be applied to humidity sensors and the like.
(4) The method disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process, easy in obtaining of used materials, low in equipment requirement and large-scale in production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic device according to the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power generation principle of the photovoltaic device according to the method of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, examples are set forth below. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are provided only to aid in understanding the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Examples
(1) Silica particle powder with average particle size of 10nm, 40nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 300nm, 500nm and 1000nm is dispersed in ethanol, the mass ratio of silica to ethanol is 7:3, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10min, so as to obtain silica slurries with different sizes.
(2) Two carbon electrodes are coated on a substrate polyester resin film, the width of each electrode is 1cm, the length of each electrode is 20cm, the interval between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 4cm, after the electrodes are dried, silicon dioxide nanoparticle slurries with different sizes are coated respectively from bottom to top, the bottom is small-size nanoparticles, the sizes of the nanoparticles are gradually increased from bottom to top, after one region is completely dried, the next region is coated in sequence, and the width of each region is 0.5cm.
(3) And after the ethanol is completely volatilized, obtaining the silicon dioxide-based photovoltaic device, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5 mu m.
(4) The lower electrode of the water-based device is placed in deionized water at an included angle of 60 degrees with the liquid level, the lower electrode is fully immersed in the water, the upper electrode is not in contact with the liquid, and the device generates continuous voltage and current along with the capillary action of the silicon dioxide coating and the evaporation of the water.
Examples
(1) Silica particle powder with average particle diameters of 10nm, 40nm, 100nm and 500nm is dispersed in ethanol, the mass ratio of the silica to the ethanol is 7:3, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10min, so that the silica slurries with different sizes are obtained.
(2) Two carbon electrodes are coated on a substrate polyester resin film, the width of each electrode is 1cm, the length of each electrode is 20cm, the interval between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 4cm, after the electrodes are dried, silicon dioxide nanoparticle slurries with different sizes are coated respectively from bottom to top, the bottom is small-size nanoparticles, the sizes of the nanoparticles are gradually increased from bottom to top, after one region is completely dried, the next region is coated in sequence, and the width of each region is 1cm.
(3) And after the ethanol is completely volatilized, obtaining the silicon dioxide-based photovoltaic device, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5 mu m.
(4) The lower electrode of the water-based device is placed in deionized water at an included angle of 90 degrees with the liquid level, the lower electrode is fully immersed in the water, the upper electrode is not in contact with the liquid, and the device generates continuous voltage and current along with the capillary action of the silicon dioxide coating and the evaporation of the water.
Examples
(1) Silica particle powder with average particle size of 10nm, 40nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 300nm, 500nm and 1000nm is dispersed in ethanol, the mass ratio of silica to ethanol is 7:3, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10min, so as to obtain silica slurries with different sizes.
(2) Two carbon electrodes are coated on a substrate polyester resin film, the width of each electrode is 1cm, the length of each electrode is 20cm, the interval between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 4cm, after the electrodes are dried, silicon dioxide nanoparticle slurries with different sizes are coated respectively from bottom to top, the bottom is small-size nanoparticles, the sizes of the nanoparticles are gradually increased from bottom to top, after one region is completely dried, the next region is coated in sequence, and the width of each region is 0.5cm.
(3) And after the ethanol is completely volatilized, obtaining the silicon dioxide-based photovoltaic device, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5 mu m.
(4) The device is placed in a relatively humid environment and generates voltage and current signals.
The applicant states that the detailed process equipment and process flows of the present invention are described by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to, i.e., does not mean that the present invention must be practiced in dependence upon, the above detailed process equipment and process flows. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a photovoltaic device based on gradient silica particles, comprising the steps of:
(1) Respectively dispersing silicon dioxide particle powder with different sizes in a solvent to obtain silicon dioxide slurry;
(2) And (3) coating silicon dioxide particle slurries with different sizes on one surface of the substrate, wherein the silicon dioxide particle slurries are coated on one surface of the substrate from bottom to top, the bottom is provided with small-size nano particles, the sizes of the nano particles are gradually increased from bottom to top, after one region is completely dried, the next region is sequentially coated, and the gradient silicon dioxide coating-based photovoltaic device is obtained after drying.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the silica particles in step (1) have a size of 10 to 1000nm.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in the step (1) is methanol, ethanol or deionized water, and the mass ratio of the silica to the solvent is 3:7-7:3.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate in the step (2) is a flexible substrate, and the flexible substrate is a polyester resin film, a polyimide film, a polyvinyl chloride film, a polypropylene film, a polytetrafluoroethylene film or a teflon tape.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode materials of the upper electrode and the lower electrode in the step (2) are inorganic conductive materials or metal conductive materials, and the electrode interval between the upper electrode and the lower electrode is 1-5cm.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the drying time in step (2) is 1s to 1800s and the drying temperature is 0 to 80 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the silica coating in step (2) has a thickness of 5 to 100 μm.
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| CN112737412B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-06-23 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of wood-based evaporation-water-voltage cooperative power generation device with sandwich structure |
| CN112787548B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-02-15 | 苏州大学 | Preparation method of photovoltaic cell unit and photovoltaic composite power generation system |
| CN116041777B (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2024-01-30 | 四川大学 | Photovoltaic power generation material, power generation device, preparation method and application of power generation device |
| CN116015102B (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-05-10 | 华南理工大学 | Environment humidity power generation device and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109831122A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of evaporation electricity production device of nano-sized carbon/composite titania material |
| CN110492789A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of water evaporation electricity production device and preparation method thereof based on aluminum oxide nano coating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109831122A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of evaporation electricity production device of nano-sized carbon/composite titania material |
| CN110492789A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of water evaporation electricity production device and preparation method thereof based on aluminum oxide nano coating |
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