CN111595166A - Efficient recycling system for flue gas waste heat of AOD furnace - Google Patents
Efficient recycling system for flue gas waste heat of AOD furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111595166A CN111595166A CN202010373644.0A CN202010373644A CN111595166A CN 111595166 A CN111595166 A CN 111595166A CN 202010373644 A CN202010373644 A CN 202010373644A CN 111595166 A CN111595166 A CN 111595166A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/183—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines in combination with metallurgical converter installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
- F27D2017/007—Systems for reclaiming waste heat including regenerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system, which is provided with a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline and a steam waste heat recovery pipeline, wherein high-temperature flue gas generated by an AOD furnace and a vaporization flue generate heat exchange to generate high-temperature saturated steam and cooling flue gas; the cooling flue gas is subjected to waste heat recovery through a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline, and the high-temperature saturated steam is subjected to waste heat recovery through a steam waste heat recovery pipeline; and the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline is at least sequentially connected with a dust removal device and a heat storage device. According to the technical scheme, the dust content of the flue gas entering the boiler is reduced, the influence of the reciprocating change of the temperature of the flue gas on the heat exchange tube of the boiler is avoided, the service life of the boiler is prolonged, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the waste heat recovery rate of the whole process is finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flue gas waste heat recovery equipment, and particularly relates to an AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system.
Background
The AOD furnace is a technological device for smelting stainless steel, and the production process is similar to that of a converter and is discontinuous. Due to the requirement of a smelting process, the decarburization speed of the AOD furnace is much slower than that of a converter, so that the smelting period is longer (the smelting period of the 120t AOD furnace is 100min, and the converter is 30min), and the temperature and the components of the generated flue gas are changed greatly compared with those of the converter. The flue gas temperature of the AOD furnace reaches 1600 ℃ at the furnace mouth, but the decarburization speed is gradually reduced along with the prolonging of the smelting time, and the flue gas temperature at the furnace mouth is reduced to 100 ℃. Therefore, the waste heat "quality" of the AOD furnace flue gas is much worse than the sensible heat of the converter gas. At present, some enterprises partially recover the flue gas waste heat of the AOD furnace, and a small amount of waste heat is still recovered symbolically by a few enterprises. How to reduce the energy consumption loss in the flue gas waste heat recovery process and improve the waste heat recovery rate has great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction of enterprises.
The existing recovery process comprises the steps that firstly, the negative pressure of high-temperature dust-containing flue gas of an AOD furnace is reduced to 850 ℃ through a vaporization flue, saturated steam (primary high-pressure saturated steam) with the pressure of 2.5MPa is generated at the same time, the cooled flue gas enters a waste heat boiler, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃, and saturated steam (secondary high-pressure saturated steam) with the pressure of 2.5MPa is generated again; the flue gas is discharged from the boiler, enters a pulse cloth bag for filtration and purification, then enters a draught fan, the pressure of the flue gas is changed into positive pressure, and finally the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney; the primary and secondary high-pressure saturated steam generated in the whole smelting process respectively corresponds to 1 steam pocket, the high-pressure saturated steam led out from 2 steam pockets enters a heat accumulator, and the heat accumulator converts the intermittent primary and secondary high-pressure saturated steam into continuous low-pressure saturated steam (about 1.2 MPa); the low-pressure saturated steam is used as main steam to enter a steam turbine to drive a generator to generate power, and finally, waste heat power generation of the high-temperature flue gas of the AOD furnace is achieved.
The existing recovery process firstly converts sensible heat of flue gas into enthalpy of saturated steam and then converts the enthalpy of the saturated steam into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to a designated substation through a cable and then transmitted to an electric facility after secondary distribution. In the process, the waste heat is recycled to the secondary utilization of the electric energy, the loss of the transmission and conversion of the electric energy is related for many times, and the recycling efficiency is low.
The high-temperature dust-containing flue gas directly enters the boiler after passing through the vaporization flue, and has great influence on the service life of the heat exchange tube of the boiler. In order to prolong the service life of the heat exchange tube, the flow speed of the flue gas is greatly limited, and the volume of the boiler is designed to be larger. However, after the flow velocity is too low, the smoke dust is attached to the surface of the heat exchange tube, so that the heat exchange effect is influenced, and the recovery rate of the waste heat of the smoke is finally reduced. Meanwhile, internal ash removal facilities need to be considered, so that the investment is increased at one time and the actual use effect is not ideal.
As the change of the flue gas parameters of the AOD furnace is violent, when the flue gas volume is large and the temperature is high, a large amount of saturated steam is generated, when the flue gas volume is small and the temperature is low, steam is not generated, and the conventional process depends on a heat accumulator to iron the wave crest and the wave trough of the steam between the two furnaces to generate continuous main steam. However, the production process of the AOD furnace is complex, smoke gas changes instantaneously, the appropriate type selection of the heat accumulator is difficult to obtain through thermodynamic calculation, and the heat accumulator is often too small in actual production, so that a large amount of steam is diffused when the steam wave crest is generated; meanwhile, the reciprocating change of the temperature of the flue gas reduces the service life of the heat exchange tube of the boiler and is not beneficial to improving the recovery rate of waste heat.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system, so that the loss of electric energy transmission and conversion in the existing recovery process is avoided, and the waste heat recovery rate is improved;
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
an AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system is provided with a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline and a steam waste heat recovery pipeline;
the high-temperature flue gas generated by the AOD furnace and the vaporization flue generate heat exchange to generate high-temperature saturated steam and cooling flue gas; the cooling flue gas is subjected to waste heat recovery through a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline, and the high-temperature saturated steam is subjected to waste heat recovery through a steam waste heat recovery pipeline;
the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline is at least sequentially connected with a dust removal device and a heat storage device;
the dust removal device is provided with a dust removal furnace body, a buffering smoke exhaust cavity is embedded in the top half of the dust removal furnace body, and an oxygen supply pipeline is communicated and surrounded outside the middle part of the dust removal furnace body; the outer diameter of the buffering smoke exhaust cavity is gradually increased along the direction far away from the top of the dust removal furnace body;
the heat storage device is at least provided with a heat storage furnace body, and a plurality of heat storage sections are sequentially stacked in the heat storage furnace body at least along the axial direction; the heat storage section is internally provided with a heat storage brick which is a block body provided with a through hole along the axial direction; high-temperature flue gas is input from the top of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by a plurality of heat storage sections; the low-temperature flue gas is input from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the top of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by the plurality of heat storage sections.
Optionally, the buffer smoke exhaust cavity is provided with a cavity tube, and a buffer smoke exhaust tube is communicated with the cavity tube; the buffering smoke exhaust pipe is of a pipe body structure with gradually enlarged outer diameter; the height of the buffer smoke exhaust pipe is 1/3-3/4 times of the height of the furnace body; the outer diameter range of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe is 1.5-2.5 m; the depth of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity embedded into the furnace body is 1-2 m.
Optionally, an annular gap is formed between the buffer smoke exhaust cavity and the dust removal furnace body, and the volume of the annular gap is 80-90 m3。
Optionally, the oxygen supply pipeline comprises an oxygen supply main pipe and a plurality of oxygen supply branch pipes; the oxygen supply branch pipe is communicated along the circumferential direction and surrounds the dust removal furnace body; the dust removal furnace body is sequentially provided with a smoke inlet section, a buffer combustion section and a sedimentation ash discharge section along the axial direction; the buffering smoke discharging cavity is embedded along the smoke inlet section and the buffering combustion section; the oxygen supply pipeline is arranged around the buffer combustion section;
the smoke inlet section is of a conical cavity structure, and a smoke inlet pipe is communicated with the smoke inlet section; a smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the top of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity, and a CO detector is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe;
the sedimentation ash discharge section is of a conical cavity structure, and an ash discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation ash discharge section; and an access hole is formed in the side wall of the sedimentation ash discharge section.
Optionally, the plurality of heat storage sections at least include a first heat storage section, a second heat storage section and a third heat storage section; according to the heat storage temperature, the heat storage temperatures or heat storage coefficients of the first heat storage section, the second heat storage section and the third heat storage section are sequentially reduced; the heat storage brick is a perforated block body with a polygonal cross section, the aperture is 20-25 mm, and the number of holes is 7-9.
Optionally, a flue gas guide section is further arranged below the plurality of heat storage sections; the flue gas guide section consists of a plurality of hollow slab blocks;
a refractory material supporting section is also arranged below the flue gas diversion section and is supported by a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting columns; a third heat insulation pipeline and a fourth heat insulation pipeline are arranged to be communicated with the refractory material supporting section outside the regenerative furnace body; and a third valve is arranged on the third heat-insulating pipeline, and a fourth valve is arranged on the fourth heat-insulating pipeline.
Optionally, a flue gas diversion section is further arranged on the heat storage furnace body in front of the plurality of heat storage sections, and the flue gas diversion section is of a cylindrical cavity structure; a first heat insulation pipeline and a second heat insulation pipeline are arranged at the flue gas diversion section communicated with the outside of the regenerative furnace body; a first valve is arranged on the first heat insulation pipeline, and a second valve is arranged on the second heat insulation pipeline; and a flue gas buffering section is also arranged on the heat storage furnace body in front of the flue gas diversion section, and the flue gas buffering section is of a conical closing-in structure.
Optionally, the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a heat insulation flue, a dust removal device, a regenerative furnace, a waste heat boiler, a bag-type dust remover, an induced draft fan and a chimney which are sequentially communicated.
Optionally, the steam waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a steam pipeline, a first steam drum, a steam heat accumulator, a steam turbine, a clutch and a generator which are sequentially communicated; the generator supplies power for the smoke exhaust of the smoke waste heat recovery pipeline.
Optionally, steam generated by the steam waste heat recovery pipeline is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy supplies power for the smoke exhaust of the smoke waste heat recovery pipeline.
According to the technical scheme, the dust content of the flue gas entering the boiler is reduced, the influence of the reciprocating change of the temperature of the flue gas on the heat exchange tube of the boiler is avoided, the service life of the boiler is prolonged, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the waste heat recovery rate of the whole process is finally improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the dust removing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a thermal storage device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the heat storage brick in FIG. 3;
the reference numerals in the figures denote: 1-a vaporization flue, 2-a heat insulation flue, 3-a dust removal device, 4-a heat storage device, 5-a waste heat boiler, 6-a bag dust remover, 7-a draught fan, 8-a chimney, 9-a steam pipeline, 10-a first steam drum, 11-a second steam drum, 12-a steam heat accumulator, 13-a steam turbine, 14-a clutch, 15-a generator and 16-a frequency converter;
31-a buffer smoke exhaust cavity, 311-a buffer smoke exhaust pipe, 32-a dedusting furnace body, 321-a smoke inlet section, 322-a buffer combustion section, 323-a settling slag discharge section, 3231-a maintenance port, 33-an oxygen supply main pipe, 331-an oxygen supply branch pipe, 34-a smoke inlet pipe, 35-a smoke exhaust pipe and 351-a CO detector; 3 a-oxygen supply main pipe valve, 3 b-oxygen supply branch pipe valve and 3 c-ash discharge valve.
41-a flue gas buffer section, 42-a flue gas diversion section, 43-a first heat storage section, 44-a second heat storage section, 45-a third heat storage section, 46-a flue gas diversion section, 47-a refractory material supporting section and 471-a strut; 4 a-first valve, 4 b-second valve, 4 c-third valve, 4 d-fourth valve, 4 e-first insulated pipe, 4 f-second insulated pipe, 4 g-third insulated pipe, 4 h-fourth insulated pipe.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present disclosure, the term "axial direction" refers to the axial direction of the intermediate shaft assembly or the two-shaft assembly, and the terms "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the present disclosure are based on the orientation in the drawings, and the terms "top", "bottom" and "side" are the upper, the lower and the periphery in the drawings are the "bottom" and the periphery is the "side", and the above description applies to all the contents of the present disclosure unless otherwise specified.
In the smelting process of the AOD furnace, firstly, primary furnace gas is generated in the furnace, the furnace gas begins to burn after floating out of the molten steel surface until the furnace mouth part still contains a large amount of CO, and because the furnace mouth part is in a semi-open type, a large amount of air meets the furnace gas and then is violently burnt to generate high-temperature dust-containing smoke.
With reference to fig. 1, the efficient recycling system for flue gas waste heat of the AOD furnace of the present invention is provided with a flue gas waste heat recycling pipeline and a steam waste heat recycling pipeline; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the AOD furnace and the vaporization flue generate heat exchange to generate high-temperature saturated steam and cooling flue gas; the cooling flue gas is subjected to waste heat recovery through a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline, and the high-temperature saturated steam is subjected to waste heat recovery through a steam waste heat recovery pipeline; the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline is at least sequentially connected with a dust removal device and a heat storage device; the dust removing device is provided with a dust removing furnace body 32, a buffering smoke exhaust cavity 31 is embedded in the top half of the dust removing furnace body 32, and an oxygen supply pipeline is communicated and surrounded outside the middle part of the dust removing furnace body 32; the outer diameter of the buffering smoke exhaust cavity 31 is gradually increased along the direction far away from the top of the furnace body; the heat storage device is at least provided with a heat storage furnace body, and a plurality of heat storage sections are sequentially stacked in the heat storage furnace body at least along the axial direction; the heat storage section is internally provided with a heat storage brick which is a block body provided with a through hole along the axial direction; high-temperature flue gas is input from the top of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by a plurality of heat storage sections; the low-temperature flue gas is input from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the top of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by the plurality of heat storage sections.
Specifically, the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a heat insulation flue 2, a dust removal device 3, a heat storage device 4, a waste heat boiler 5, a bag-type dust remover 6, an induced draft fan 7 and a chimney 8 which are sequentially communicated.
Specifically, the steam waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a steam pipeline 9, a first steam drum 10, a steam heat accumulator 12, a steam turbine 13, a clutch 14 and a generator 15 which are sequentially communicated; the generator 15 supplies power for the flue gas exhaust of the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline. For example, the exhaust-heat boiler 5 is further provided with a second steam drum 12 in a communicating manner, the steam of the second steam drum 12 and the steam of the first steam drum 11 are supplied to the steam heat accumulator 12 after being gathered, and the power generation efficiency of the power generator 15 can be controlled through the frequency converter 16, so that the working speed of the induced draft fan 7 is controlled.
The whole working process is summarized as that the steam generated by the steam waste heat recovery pipeline is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy supplies power for the smoke discharge of the smoke waste heat recovery pipeline. The specific process is as follows: the high-temperature dust-containing flue gas firstly enters a vaporization flue 1 to exchange heat with the vaporization flue 1, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 850 ℃, and a small amount of smoke dust is deposited in the vaporization flue; the cooled flue gas enters a primary dust removal device 3 through a heat insulation flue 2, the flue gas after coarse dust removal enters a regenerative furnace 4 (heat storage checker bricks are arranged in the regenerative furnace, surplus heat is absorbed when the temperature of the flue gas is higher, the surplus heat is transferred to low-temperature flue gas when the temperature of the flue gas is lower, so that the fluctuation of the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and a certain flue gas and smoke dust purifying effect is achieved at the same time), and then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 5 to perform heat exchange with the boiler, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200; and then the flue gas enters a pulse bag dust collector 6 for secondary dust collection, and the flue gas with low dust content is finally sent into a chimney 8 through a draught fan 7 and is discharged into the atmosphere.
2.5MPa saturated steam (generated discontinuously along with the change of the flue gas) generated when the high-temperature flue gas and the vaporization flue gas exchange heat enters a first steam drum 10 through a steam pipeline 9, the flue gas after primary cooling enters a waste heat boiler and then carries out heat exchange again, the generated 2.5MPa saturated steam (generated discontinuously along with the change of the flue gas) enters a second steam drum 11, steam discharged from the first steam drum 10 and the second steam drum 11 enters a steam heat accumulator 12 and is converted into continuous 1.2MPa saturated steam, and the low-pressure saturated steam enters a steam turbine 13 as main steam, so that a large-scale electric appliance, namely a dust removal fan 7 in the process is dragged. The steam turbine 13, the clutch 14, the motor generator 15 and the dust removal fan 7 are coaxial, and a frequency converter 16 (meeting the air quantity regulation function of the dust removal fan) is matched with the motor generator 15 (generating power by dragging surplus after the main steam drags the dust removal fan).
With reference to fig. 2, the dust removing device of the present disclosure is provided with a dust removing furnace body 32, a buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 is embedded in the top half of the dust removing furnace body 32, and an oxygen supply pipeline is communicated and surrounded outside the middle part of the dust removing furnace body 32; the outer diameter of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 is gradually increased along the distance from the top of the dust removing furnace body 32. The device disclosed by the invention can remove most of smoke dust in the flue gas of the semi-closed ferronickel ore heating furnace, and simultaneously burn off residual CO in the flue gas, thereby avoiding the blockage of a flue gas pipeline, saving a dust removal and ash removal facility of subsequent heat exchange equipment and reducing one-time investment; the structure form (inner and outer sleeve type) of the device; the straight section of the outer sleeve is provided with a plurality of layers of compressed air circular pipes, and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged in the circumferential direction and inserted into the straight section to mix air; every layer of ring canal sets up electrical control valve, according to flue gas temperature, CO content dynamic adjustment regulation sneak air volume, sets up sneak air adjustable device, guarantees CO burnout in the flue gas, avoids sneaking into excessive air and reduces the flue gas temperature simultaneously to improve flue gas waste heat recovery rate.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the buffer smoke discharging cavity 31 is provided with a cavity tube, and a buffer smoke discharging tube 311 is arranged in communication with the cavity tube; the buffer smoke exhaust pipe 311 has a pipe structure with an increasing outer diameter. The structure of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe 311 ensures that the flow velocity of the smoke is increased gradually on the premise of ensuring enough smoke running space.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the height of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe 311 is 1/3-3/4 times of the height of the dust removal furnace body 32, for example, when the height of the conventional dust removal furnace body 32 is 4m, the height of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe 311 can be 1.3-3 m. The height setting of buffering pipe 311 of discharging fume when guaranteeing that the flue gas can sink the end and subside the smoke and dust guarantees that the flue gas velocity of flow crescent, is discharged by the pipe 35 of discharging fume at top, realizes high-efficient rapid processing.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the outer diameter of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe 311 ranges from 1.5m to 2.5m, preferably ranges from 2m to 2.5m, and is tapered and gradually increased, and preferably, the maximum outer diameter of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe 311 is at least half of the outer diameter of the dust removal furnace body 32, so that sufficient operation space is ensured after the smoke enters, and the smoke is discharged after the smoke is settled.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the depth of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 embedded into the dust removal furnace body 32 is 1-2 m, preferably 1.5m, that is, the depth of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 embedded into the dust removal furnace body 32 is at least 1/2-3/4 times of the height of the furnace body, so that an enough annular gap is formed between the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 and the dust removal furnace body 32, and meanwhile, the smoke can be discharged and processed at a sufficient height.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, slowAn annular gap is formed between the smoke flushing and discharging cavity 31 and the dust removal furnace body 32, and the volume of the annular gap is 80-90 m3Preferably 85m3The smoke can stay in the device for enough time, and the smoke dust can be settled.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the oxygen supply line includes an oxygen supply main pipe 33 and a plurality of oxygen supply branch pipes 331; the oxygen supply branch pipe 331 is circumferentially communicated and surrounded outside the dust removing furnace body 32. So that the air is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the device and the participation of CO in full combustion is ensured.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the dust removing furnace body 32 is provided with a smoke inlet section 321, a buffer combustion section 322 and a settling ash discharge section 323 in sequence along the axial direction; the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31 is embedded along the smoke inlet section 321 and the buffer combustion section 322; the oxygen supply pipeline is arranged around the buffer combustion section 322. Be provided with the oxygen suppliment on the oxygen suppliment is responsible for 33 and oxygen suppliment branch pipe 331 and be responsible for valve 3a and oxygen suppliment branch pipe valve 3b, the valve can be electric butterfly valve, can adjust the air flow rate that gets into in buffering burning section 322 at any time through the setting of above-mentioned valve, and then control CO's combustion degree, both guarantee that CO burns out, can not introduce too much low temperature air simultaneously to avoid influencing subsequent flue gas waste heat's recovery, realize the balance between dust removal and the flue gas waste heat recovery relation.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the smoke inlet section 321 is a tapered cavity structure, and the smoke inlet pipe 34 is disposed in the smoke inlet section 321, preferably in a lateral direction; a smoke exhaust pipe 35 is arranged to communicate with the top of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity 31, preferably arranged in the side direction, and a CO detector 51 is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 35 to detect whether CO is completely combusted so as to adjust the oxygen supply amount.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the sedimentation ash discharge section 323 is a conical cavity structure, and an ash discharge valve 3c is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation ash discharge section 323; an access port 3231 is arranged on the side wall of the settling ash discharging section 323. In the case of long-term or multiple operation of the apparatus, if the sedimentation ash discharge section 323 is clogged, it can be manually cleaned.
In the production process of the semi-closed ferronickel ore heating furnace, firstly, primary furnace gas is generated in the furnace, the furnace gas still contains a large amount of CO when reaching a furnace mouth part, and because the furnace mouth part is in a semi-open type, a large amount of air meets the furnace gas and then is violently combusted, so that high-temperature dust-containing smoke (the temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the dust content is 35g/NM3) is generated. The high temperature dusty flue gas enters the anti-binding apparatus of the present disclosure through the flue gas inlet tube 34. When the flue gas passes through the device at a low speed (2m/s), smoke dust in the flue gas fully settles in the gaps between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve due to inertia, residual CO is fully combusted (an oxygen supply pipeline is mixed with a proper amount of compressed air), the purified flue gas continuously enters the buffering smoke exhaust cavity 31 and leaves the device, and finally the purified flue gas is sent to subsequent heat exchange equipment through the smoke exhaust pipe 35 to complete the recovery of the flue gas waste heat.
FIG. 2 shows that the anti-sticking device of the present disclosure is a sleeve type structure, the inner cylinder is in a "bell mouth" shape (the material is Q235-B), i.e. the buffering smoke discharging cavity 31, and the inner side and the outer side are both provided with heat insulation spray paint; the outer sleeve is the dust removal furnace body 32, which is divided into an upper conical section, a straight section and a lower conical section, namely a smoke inlet section 321, a buffer combustion section 322 and a sedimentation ash discharge section 323 in sequence, wherein the inner side of the outer sleeve is provided with a heat insulation spray coating, and meanwhile, the straight section of the outer sleeve is provided with 2 layers of oxygen supply branch pipes 331 (the number of the ring pipes can be increased according to the size of the device, and each layer of the inlet section of the ring pipe is provided with an electric butterfly valve for adjusting the mixed air amount), and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged in the circumferential direction of the ring pipe and; the lower cone end of the outer cylinder is provided with an ash discharge pipe, the accumulated ash of the cone section is periodically discharged through an ash discharge valve c, and the cone section is provided with an access hole 231. The opening degree of the oxygen supply branch pipe valve b (electric butterfly valve) on each layer of oxygen supply branch pipe 331 is adjusted according to the temperature and the parameters fed back by the CO detector 51, so as to avoid the reduction of the flue gas temperature due to excessive air while ensuring the CO burnout.
Take a 33MW semi-closed ferronickel ore furnace as an example, produce nickel and paste water 230t/d daily, if once monthly blocks up, once clearance time needs 10h, needs 6 manual works at every turn, a crane machine class, then the pipeline that once clears up needs the expense to be: 1000 (profit per ton ferronickel) 230 (10/24) +6 (labor cost) + 180 (crane platform shift cost) 98913 yuan, and the cleaning cost can be saved by about 120 ten thousand yuan in one year; if the subsequent heat exchange equipment omits a dust removal and ash removal facility and can reduce the weight by 10t, the one-time investment is saved by 20 ten thousand yuan; the device can reduce the washing of the heat exchange equipment by smoke and dust and prolong the service life of the heat exchange equipment.
With reference to fig. 3 and 4, the heat storage device of the present disclosure at least includes a heat storage furnace body, and a plurality of heat storage sections are sequentially stacked at least along an axial direction in the heat storage furnace body; the heat storage section is internally provided with a heat storage brick which is a block body provided with a through hole along the axial direction. High-temperature flue gas is input from the top of the furnace body, and is discharged from the bottom of the furnace body after being subjected to heat storage by a plurality of heat storage sections; the low-temperature flue gas is input from the bottom of the furnace body, and is discharged from the top of the furnace body after being stored by the plurality of heat storage sections. The method is suitable for the requirements of gradual change of the temperature of the flue gas on the physical and chemical properties of the heat accumulator. Because in the processing technology of AOD stove, the temperature of exhaust flue gas can be the curve formula and reduce, consequently, the flue gas of higher temperature and the flue gas of lower temperature can appear, high temperature flue gas refers to the flue gas of the temperature of discharging by the AOD stove more than 500 ℃ in the scheme of this disclosure, low temperature flue gas refers to the flue gas temperature at 200 ~ 500 ℃ the flue gas, such setting form, with the processing route change of high temperature flue gas and low temperature flue gas, can not only furthest carry out the deposit of flue gas waste heat, can also improve the treatment effeciency of whole device simultaneously, increase the life of device.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of heat storage sections includes at least the first heat storage section 43, the second heat storage section 44, and the third heat storage section 45; the heat storage temperatures of the first heat storage section 43, the second heat storage section 44 and the third heat storage section 45 are sequentially decreased in accordance with the heat storage temperature. For example, when high-temperature flue gas is treated, the running path of the high-temperature flue gas is sequentially treated by the first heat storage section 43, the second heat storage section 44 and the third heat storage section 45, the proper heat storage temperature of each heat storage section is exerted, the heat storage efficiency is improved as much as possible, materials are saved, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, for example, the height ratio of the first heat storage section 43, the second heat storage section 44 and the third heat storage section 45 is 5:2:3, the heat storage sections are divided into three heat exchange sections of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature according to the distribution characteristics of the flue gas, the material and the physical and chemical indexes of the heat storage bodies in each section are different, and the setting height of each section is also different, so that the heat storage bodies are reasonably configured to meet the requirements of gradually reducing/increasing the temperature of the flue gas on the high temperature resistance and the mechanical property of the heat storage bodies.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 4, the heat storage brick is a perforated block body with a polygonal cross section, the aperture is 20-25 mm, and the number of holes is 7-9. The heat storage bricks (checker bricks) in the heat storage furnace are arranged in the third section of the furnace body, different materials (silica bricks, high-alumina bricks, clay bricks and the like) are adopted according to the high and low temperature regions of the flue gas, the heat storage bricks can be hexagonal porous, the aperture can be 20mm or 25mm round holes, and the number can be 7 or 9. Different heat storage capacities can be improved by adopting different materials, the contact area can be increased by adopting a structure with a plurality of holes, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a flue gas guiding section 46 is further provided below the plurality of heat storage sections; the flue gas water conservancy diversion section 46 comprises a plurality of hollow slab blocks, for example the flue gas water conservancy diversion section 46 comprises a plurality of high temperature resistant cast iron polygon constitution units, and the size and the hole number of every unit are the same with the heat accumulation brick, will come from the low temperature flue gas of bottom to correspond to introduce in the heat accumulation brick, bear the basis weight of heat accumulation brick simultaneously, guarantee that the flue gas evenly gets into the heat accumulation brick hole, improve heat exchange efficiency.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a refractory material supporting section 47 is further disposed below the flue gas guiding section 46, and the refractory material supporting section 47 is supported by the support column 71 to bear the weight of the furnace heat storage bricks and the flue gas guiding section 46; for example, the column may be made of heat-resistant material, such as silica brick, high alumina brick, clay, cast iron, etc., and has certain heat resistance and certain gravity bearing capacity.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the third heat-insulating pipeline 4g and the fourth heat-insulating pipeline 4h are provided outside the furnace body in communication with the refractory support section 47; the third valve 4c is provided in the third heat-insulating piping 4g, and the fourth valve 4d is provided in the fourth heat-insulating piping 4 h. The inlet and outlet channels of the flue gas can be adjusted at any time, and the switching between the high-temperature flue gas treatment program and the low-temperature flue gas treatment program is realized.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the flue gas diversion section 42 is further arranged on the furnace body in front of the plurality of heat storage sections, and the flue gas diversion section 42 is of a cylindrical cavity structure, so that the radial uniform distribution of flue gas in the heat storage furnace is ensured. So that the flue gas can uniformly enter the porous heat storage bricks. Meanwhile, a certain buffer space is provided for the entering flue gas, and heat storage treatment is carried out after the flow velocity of the flue gas is slightly reduced, so that uniform heat absorption is facilitated.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a first heat-insulating pipeline 4e and a second heat-insulating pipeline 4f are arranged outside the furnace body and communicated with the flue gas diversion section 42; the first valve 4a is provided on the first heat insulating pipe 4e, and the second valve 4b is provided on the second heat insulating pipe 4 f. The inlet and outlet channels of the flue gas can be adjusted at any time, and the switching between the high-temperature flue gas treatment program and the low-temperature flue gas treatment program is realized.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, a flue gas buffering section 41 is further arranged on the furnace body in front of the flue gas diversion section 42, the flue gas buffering section 41 is of a conical closing-in structure, and can also be of a closing-in structure similar to a vault, so that a certain clearance is ensured, and the flue gas buffering effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the operation process of the heat storage device of the present disclosure is:
high-temperature flue gas of the AOD furnace enters a first heat insulation pipeline 4e after passing through the primary dust removal device, at the moment, a first valve 4a is opened, a third valve 4c is closed, and the high-temperature flue gas passes through a furnace body of the heat storage device from top to bottom and is sent to a waste heat boiler through a fourth heat insulation pipeline 4 h; when the decarburization speed of the AOD furnace is reduced, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, the heat storage bricks in the heat storage furnace are heated at the moment, the first valve 4a is closed, the third valve 4c is opened, and the flue gas passes through the heat storage bricks from bottom to top through the third heat insulation pipeline 4g and is sent to the waste heat boiler from the second heat insulation pipeline 4 f.
The regenerative furnace can stabilize the temperature of the flue gas and has a certain dedusting effect to prolong the service life of the waste heat boiler, reduce or even avoid the emission of steam quantity and finally improve the waste heat recovery rate of the process. The upper part of the regenerative furnace is an arch top type, the middle part is a heat accumulator (a high temperature area, a middle temperature area and a low temperature area are set according to the temperature distribution of the flue gas), and the lower part is a flue gas guide device and a refractory support column (resistant to 400 ℃); the reasonable piping structure leads high-temperature flue gas out from top to bottom and leads low-temperature flue gas out from bottom to top.
The waste heat recovery efficiency and the economic benefit of the AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system scheme of the invention and the existing scheme (the existing scheme introduced in the background art) are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: using 3X120t AOD furnace as comparison reference
Taking 2x120tAOD as an example, the amount of saturated steam is 50t/h, if the dust content of the flue gas is reduced by the primary dust removal device 3 and the regenerative furnace 4, and the temperature fluctuation of the flue gas is smoothed to improve the heat exchange efficiency by 5%, and if the generated steam is increased by 50 x 0.05 to 2.5t/h (converted to 312.5 degrees electricity) and the 1 degree electricity is 0.5 yuan, 312.5 x 0.5 x 24 to 131.25 ten thousand yuan can be saved.
If 230t boilers (150 ten thousand yuan each, 3 years of service life) are configured, the service life of the boiler is prolonged by 1 year, and 150/3 x 2 can be saved in 2 sets of devices, namely 100 ten thousand yuan;
in conclusion, if the device provided by the invention is adopted to recover 2 sets of 120tAOD flue gas waste heat, 311.8+131.25+100 can be created as 543.05 ten thousand yuan.
According to the whole system, the flue gas waste heat is converted into steam enthalpy, the steam enters the steam turbine 13 to do work, the induced draft fan 7 is directly dragged, multiple times of conveying and conversion of electric energy are avoided, and the waste heat recovery rate is improved; a dust removal device 3 is arranged in front of the waste heat boiler 5, so that the dust content of the flue gas entering the boiler is reduced, the service life of the boiler is prolonged, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; a heat storage device 4 is arranged in front of the waste heat boiler 5, and when the decarburization speed of the AOD furnace is severe, the interference heat of the high-temperature flue gas is stored; when the decarburization speed of the AOD furnace is reduced, the temperature of the flue gas is suddenly reduced (basically no waste heat recovery is realized), the heat storage device 4 converts the stored heat energy into low-temperature flue gas, so that the influence of temperature fluctuation on a subsequent heat exchange tube of a waste heat boiler is flattened, and meanwhile, because the temperature of the flue gas is stabilized by the heat storage device 4, the phenomenon that the subsequent steam heat accumulator 12 cannot recover excessive steam and cannot be diffused when the flue gas is at high temperature is avoided, and the problem that the steam heat accumulator is difficult to select in actual production is also solved. In addition, in fig. 1, it is also shown that the flue gas of the secondary dust removal and the tertiary dust removal in the production process of the workshop is directly connected to the bag-type dust remover 6 for subsequent flue gas emission.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system is characterized in that a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline and a steam waste heat recovery pipeline are arranged;
the high-temperature flue gas generated by the AOD furnace and the vaporization flue generate heat exchange to generate high-temperature saturated steam and cooling flue gas; the cooling flue gas is subjected to waste heat recovery through a flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline, and the high-temperature saturated steam is subjected to waste heat recovery through a steam waste heat recovery pipeline;
the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline is at least sequentially connected with a dust removal device (3) and a heat storage device (4);
the dust removal device is provided with a dust removal furnace body (32), a buffering smoke exhaust cavity (31) is embedded into the top half of the dust removal furnace body (32), and an oxygen supply pipeline is communicated and surrounded outside the middle part of the dust removal furnace body (32); the outer diameter of the buffering smoke exhaust cavity (31) is gradually increased along the direction far away from the top of the dust removal furnace body (32);
the heat storage device (4) is at least provided with a heat storage furnace body, and a plurality of heat storage sections are sequentially stacked in the heat storage furnace body at least along the axial direction; the heat storage section is internally provided with a heat storage brick which is a block body provided with a through hole along the axial direction; high-temperature flue gas is input from the top of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by a plurality of heat storage sections; the low-temperature flue gas is input from the bottom of the heat storage furnace body, and is discharged from the top of the heat storage furnace body after being stored by the plurality of heat storage sections.
2. The AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the buffering smoke exhaust cavity (31) is provided with a cavity tube, and a buffering smoke exhaust tube (311) is communicated with the cavity tube;
the buffering smoke exhaust pipe (311) is of a pipe body structure with gradually enlarged outer diameter;
the height of the buffer smoke exhaust pipe (311) is 1/3-3/4 times of the height of the dust removal furnace body (32);
the outer diameter range of the buffering smoke exhaust pipe (311) is 1.5-2.5 m;
the depth of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity (31) embedded into the dust removal furnace body (32) is 1-2 m.
3. The AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the buffering smoke exhaust cavity (31) and the dedusting and dust removing furnace body (32) form an annular gap, and the volume of the annular gap is 80-90 m3。
4. The AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxygen supply pipeline comprises an oxygen supply main pipe (33) and a plurality of oxygen supply branch pipes (331); the oxygen supply branch pipes (331) are communicated along the circumferential direction and surround the dedusting and dedusting furnace body (32);
the dedusting and dedusting furnace body (32) is sequentially provided with a smoke inlet section (321), a buffer combustion section (322) and a settling ash discharge section (323) along the axial direction; the buffering smoke exhaust cavity (31) is embedded along the smoke inlet section (321) and the buffering combustion section (322); the oxygen supply pipeline is arranged around the buffer combustion section (322);
the smoke inlet section (321) is of a conical cavity structure, and the smoke inlet section (321) is communicated with a smoke inlet pipe (4); a smoke exhaust pipe (35) is communicated with the top of the buffer smoke exhaust cavity (31), and a CO detector (351) is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe (35);
the sedimentation ash discharge section (323) is of a conical cavity structure, and an ash discharge valve (3c) is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation ash discharge section (323); and a maintenance opening (231) is arranged on the side wall of the sedimentation ash discharge section (323).
5. The AOD furnace flue gas waste heat efficient recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of heat storage sections at least comprise a first heat storage section (43), a second heat storage section (44) and a third heat storage section (45); according to the heat storage temperature, the heat storage temperature or the heat storage coefficient of the first heat storage section (43), the second heat storage section (44) and the third heat storage section (45) is reduced in sequence;
the heat storage brick is a perforated block body with a polygonal cross section, the aperture is 20-25 mm, and the number of holes is 7-9.
6. The heat storage device for AOD furnace flue gas waste heat recovery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a flue gas diversion section (46) is further provided under the plurality of heat storage sections; the flue gas guide section (46) consists of a plurality of hollow slabs;
a refractory material supporting section (47) is further arranged below the flue gas diversion section (46), and the refractory material supporting section (47) is supported by a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting columns (471);
a third heat insulation pipeline (4g) and a fourth heat insulation pipeline (4h) are arranged on the refractory material supporting section (47) communicated with the outside of the heat storage furnace body; a third valve (4c) is arranged on the third heat-insulating pipeline (4g), and a fourth valve (4d) is arranged on the fourth heat-insulating pipeline (4 h).
7. The heat storage device for AOD furnace flue gas waste heat recovery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a flue gas diversion section (42) is further arranged on the heat storage furnace body in front of the plurality of heat storage sections, and the flue gas diversion section (42) is of a cylindrical cavity structure; a first heat-insulating pipeline (4e) and a second heat-insulating pipeline (4f) are arranged on the flue gas diversion section (42) communicated with the outside of the heat storage furnace body; a first valve (4a) is arranged on the first heat-insulating pipeline (4e), and a second valve (4b) is arranged on the second heat-insulating pipeline (4 f);
a smoke buffer section (41) is further arranged on the heat storage furnace body in front of the smoke diversion section (42), and the smoke buffer section (41) is of a conical closing-in structure.
8. The heat storage device for AOD furnace flue gas waste heat recovery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a heat insulation flue (2), a dust removal device (3), a heat storage device (4), a waste heat boiler (5), a bag-type dust remover (6), an induced draft fan (7) and a chimney (8) which are communicated in sequence.
9. The heat storage device for AOD furnace flue gas waste heat recovery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam waste heat recovery pipeline comprises a steam pipeline (9), a first steam drum (10), a steam heat accumulator (12), a steam turbine (13), a clutch (14) and a generator (15) which are communicated in sequence;
the generator (15) supplies power for the smoke exhaust of the smoke waste heat recovery pipeline.
10. The heat storage device for AOD furnace flue gas waste heat recovery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam generated by the steam waste heat recovery pipeline is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is used for supplying power to the flue gas exhaust of the flue gas waste heat recovery pipeline.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112556437A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-26 | 天俱时工程科技集团有限公司 | System for converter secondary flue gas high efficiency entrapment utilizes waste heat |
| CN113701510A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-26 | 四川思达能环保科技有限公司 | Raw material smelting section flue gas treatment device in microcrystalline glass preparation process |
-
2020
- 2020-05-06 CN CN202010373644.0A patent/CN111595166A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112556437A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-26 | 天俱时工程科技集团有限公司 | System for converter secondary flue gas high efficiency entrapment utilizes waste heat |
| CN113701510A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-26 | 四川思达能环保科技有限公司 | Raw material smelting section flue gas treatment device in microcrystalline glass preparation process |
| CN113701510B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-03-19 | 四川思达能环保科技有限公司 | Raw material smelting section flue gas treatment device in microcrystalline glass preparation technology |
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