CN111594797A - Tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and use method - Google Patents
Tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and use method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
- F21S9/04—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S10/00—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
- F21S10/02—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colors
- F21S10/023—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colors by selectively switching fixed light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
- F21V23/003—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
- F21V23/06—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being coupling devices, e.g. connectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V27/00—Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels
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- F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
- F21W2131/101—Outdoor lighting of tunnels or the like, e.g. under bridges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and a use method thereof, wherein a tunnel pavement is arranged in a sectional manner in different areas, an independent lighting system is arranged in each area, and the system comprises a piezoelectric column device, a rectifying device, a current-voltage transmitter, an electricity storage device, a gas concentration detection sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a lighting device. When the automobile passes through the tunnel road surface, the piezoelectric column device receives external force, utilizes the direct piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy into electric energy, and the electric energy that the piezoelectric column produced is stored to the accumulate equipment, and accumulate equipment is the gas concentration detection sensor, lighting device and singlechip power supply for accumulate equipment, and the singlechip is connected to the gas concentration detection sensor simultaneously, and lighting device is connected to the singlechip. The system can not only utilize the piezoelectric column device to realize self-sufficient power supply inside the tunnel, but also avoid the damage of the whole lighting equipment of the tunnel caused by fire in the area range, and effectively solve the energy waste existing in tunnel lighting power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and a using method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of traffic utilities and the acceleration of urban modernization processes, tunnel engineering is increasing day by day, and due to the complex geological conditions of tunnel excavation sections and the large difficulty in excavating mountains, the tunnel is narrow in internal space, inconvenient to ventilate, difficult to transmit signal energy and the like; in addition, the concealment and the space closure of the tunnel make the tunnel fire difficult to find, smoke and rescue, and the tunnel circuit is uniformly laid, so that once part of the circuit is burnt out, the whole lighting system is paralyzed and the rescue difficulty is increased. Not only causes direct losses such as casualties, vehicle damage, serious damage to tunnel structures and auxiliary facilities in tunnels, but also interrupts the supply of communication and energy, causing a large amount of indirect losses. Therefore, in a tunnel fire, the lighting system is vital and can play a role in providing a visual field and relieving panic of accident personnel; more importantly, the rescue can be assisted, the escape route can be guided, and the effective rescue time can be prolonged.
In the traditional technology, the tunnel lighting system adopts the national power grid for unified power supply, circuits are uniformly distributed (without segmentation and division), and the existing road administration power grid mainly adopts medium-low voltage electricity to ensure the power supply all day long, so that the defects of huge power consumption, frequent maintenance and the like exist. Secondly, because tunnels are mostly arranged in mountainous areas, river bottoms and the like, which are far away from urban areas, pipelines are erected at long distances, the engineering is complicated, the investment is huge, and in addition, the power loss of long-distance power transmission is large, so that huge energy waste is caused. And in case of a fire, if the circuits uniformly arranged in the tunnel are burnt out, the lighting system of the whole tunnel cannot be used, so that inconvenience is brought to tunnel rescue and cleaning. In the prior art, a tunnel lighting system capable of supplying power autonomously is lacked, and particularly normal use of the lighting system in fire is achieved, which is an important research subject at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire and a using method thereof. This system adopts piezoelectricity technique, the mechanical energy who produces when passing through tunnel road surface with the vehicle turns into the electric energy and supplies power for lighting system, tunnel lighting system's autonomic power supply has been realized, in addition, adopt the theory that the subregion segmentation was arranged (the subregion segmentation is arranged to electric power, avoid some circuit to burn out and lead to entire system paralysed) on arranging of piezoelectric column etc., rationally divide the region, lighting system's normal power supply when guaranteeing the conflagration to take place, effectively solve the energy waste that the tunnel illumination power supply exists, the problem that lighting system can't use when avoiding the tunnel to take place the conflagration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system comprises a piezoelectric column device, a rectifying device, a current-voltage transmitter, an electricity storage device, a gas concentration detection sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a lighting device; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
dividing the tunnel into a plurality of unit areas along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein each unit area is internally provided with a set of tunnel fire self-powered lighting system; when an automobile passes through the tunnel pavement, the piezoelectric column device is subjected to external force, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the direct piezoelectric effect, the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric columns in a unit area is collected by being connected with the rectifying device, and the rectifying device is connected with the power input end of the current voltage transducer to exchange voltage and current; the power output end of the transmitter is connected with the power input end of the power storage equipment to store the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric column device; the power storage equipment supplies power to the gas concentration detection sensor, the lighting device and the single chip microcomputer, the gas concentration detection sensor is simultaneously connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is connected with the lighting device.
The gas concentration detection sensor can change the output voltage of the gas concentration detection sensor along with the change of the CO gas concentration, so that the output current of the single chip microcomputer is influenced, and the light color of an illuminating lamp is changed finally; the singlechip performs A/D conversion, filtering and linearization on the voltage signal output by the gas concentration detection sensor, and the singlechip converts the voltage value into the gas concentration to judge whether the alarm upper limit is exceeded or not.
The piezoelectric column device comprises a plurality of piezoelectric columns; the mounting steps of the piezoelectric column device are as follows:
(1) selecting pre-buried points of the piezoelectric column device, wherein the pre-buried points are provided with slots larger than the size of the piezoelectric column device, so that the slots can completely wrap and contain the piezoelectric column device, and a space for arranging a flexible buffer layer can be formed around the piezoelectric column device; a wire slot is formed in one side of the open groove close to the edge of the tunnel pavement, and the wire slot is connected to the bus slot in a conduction mode;
(2) after asphalt mortar is filled in the open groove, the piezoelectric column device is arranged in the open groove, the wires of the piezoelectric column device are led out from the wire grooves in a parallel connection mode and collected in the bus groove, and the wires are connected with the rectifying device through the bus groove;
(3) gaps between the groove wall and the piezoelectric column device and a slot gap are filled and compacted through asphalt mortar, and then the pit slot is subjected to crack pouring and sealing treatment by using modified asphalt, so that the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located is flush with the surface of the whole tunnel;
(4) and after leveling, additionally paving an anti-slip coating or a buffer layer on the upper surface of the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located.
The single lane arrangement mode of the piezoelectric column devices is that a unit area is divided into a plurality of sections with equal distance, and a group of piezoelectric column devices are arranged at intervals of one section; the double-lane medium voltage electric pole device is arranged in a staggered manner.
The length of a unit area is 100m, the length of each section is 10m, a group of piezoelectric column devices are arranged at intervals of 10m, and 5 groups of piezoelectric column devices are arranged in the unit area; the piezoelectric column devices are arranged at a distance of 0.3m from the edges of two sides of the tunnel pavement, and a distance of 10m between every two groups of piezoelectric columns is an intermediate isolation area.
The arrangement mode of the rectifying device, the current and voltage transmitter, the electricity storage equipment and the gas concentration detection sensor is that one rectifying device, one current and voltage transmitter, one electricity storage equipment and one gas concentration detection sensor are arranged in each unit area.
The upper alarm limit is that the concentration of CO gas is 50 mmp; when the gas concentration in the single chip microcomputer does not exceed the alarm upper limit, the current is normal, the red LED lamp, the green LED lamp and the blue LED lamp are simultaneously lightened to emit white light, and when the gas concentration in the single chip microcomputer exceeds the alarm upper limit, the single chip microcomputer reduces the output current, only the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp are lightened to emit yellow light.
The lighting device consists of a plurality of LED lamps, and one LED tunnel lamp is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel at intervals of 6m, at the transition section at intervals of 10m and at the basic section at intervals of 14 m.
The gas concentration detection sensor is an American SPEC Sensors carbon monoxide sensor 3SP-CO-1000, the singlechip is an MCS51 singlechip, one group of piezoelectric column devices are formed into a 10m multiplied by 6m array by a plurality of piezoelectric columns, and the type of the piezoelectric columns is PCRN-4 phi 14H 10 MM; the energy acquisition circuit of the rectifying device uses a full-bridge rectifying circuit.
A method for using a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system comprises the following steps:
(1) the tunnel pavement is arranged in a sectional mode, an independent lighting system is arranged in each region, the piezoelectric column devices are arranged in the regions in a sectional mode, vehicles pass through the pavement and extrude the piezoelectric column devices, and the piezoelectric column devices convert mechanical energy into electric energy through the positive piezoelectric effect;
(2) the rectifying device collects electric energy generated by a plurality of piezoelectric column devices in a unit area, and the electric energy is input into the electricity storage equipment through the current-voltage transmitter for storage;
(3) the power storage equipment supplies power to the lighting device, so that the normal use of tunnel lighting is ensured;
(4) when a fire disaster occurs in the tunnel, the carbon monoxide gas generated by combustion is increased rapidly, the gas concentration detection sensor monitors the concentration of the CO gas in real time, and the singlechip converts the voltage value output by the sensor into the gas concentration to judge whether the gas concentration exceeds an alarm upper limit or not;
(5) if part of circuits are burnt in case of fire, because the circuit design adopts a partition and segmentation mode, light, electricity and other devices are distributed in a partition mode, one of the regions is burnt, and the lighting systems in the other regions normally supply power to continue to provide a visual field for guiding escape and rescue.
The invention solves the problems of self-powered illumination of the tunnel and incapability of using an illumination system when the tunnel is in fire, and has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1. the lighting system converts mechanical energy generated by vehicles in the tunnel to the road surface into electric energy by using the piezoelectric column device, reasonably divides the area range in which the piezoelectric column device is arranged, ensures that the power systems of other tunnel sections can still normally supply power after fire disaster occurs in the area range of the tunnel section, and ensures that the tunnel lighting equipment can be normally used.
2. The LED lamps adopted by the lighting device in the lighting system are energy-saving and environment-friendly, and when a fire disaster occurs and the smoke concentration reaches the threshold value (50mmp) of the gas sensor, the single chip microcomputer reduces the output current, only the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp are lightened, the color of the LED lamp is changed into yellow light with strong penetrating power under thick fog (the single chip microcomputer carries out A/D conversion, filtering and linearization on a voltage signal output by the gas concentration detection sensor, the single chip microcomputer converts the voltage value into the gas concentration to judge whether the voltage signal exceeds the upper alarm limit (50mmp), the current is normal, the red LED lamp, the green LED lamp and the blue LED lamp are lightened simultaneously to emit white light, and when the voltage signal exceeds the upper alarm limit (50mmp), the single chip microcomputer reduces the output current, only the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp are lightened to emit yellow light, and a better visual field is provided when the fire disaster occurs.
3. Different from the traditional tunnel circuit layout, the tunnel lighting system realizes the self-sufficiency of the electric energy of the tunnel lighting system, improves the defects of the power supply of the traditional national power grid, avoids the serious waste of the electric energy and has obvious economic value and social value.
4. The tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and the use method thereof have the advantages of complete structure and strong applicability. When the piezoelectric column device is used for self-powered supply of the tunnel, the tunnel is reasonably divided into areas, so that self-powered illumination inside the tunnel is realized, damage to the whole tunnel illumination equipment caused by regional fire is avoided, and scientific guidance is provided for research on tunnel illumination in fire. The problems of low conversion efficiency, intermittent work and large weather influence caused by the pure dependence on solar power supply are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a piezoelectric column device; 2 is a rectifying device; 3 is a current-voltage transmitter; 4 is an electricity storage device; 5 is a gas concentration detection sensor; 6 is a singlechip; and 7, a lighting device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire, which comprises a piezoelectric column device 1, a rectifying device 2, a current-voltage transmitter 3, an electricity storage device 4, a gas concentration detection sensor 5, a singlechip 6 and a lighting device 7. Independent tunnel fire self-powered lighting systems are installed on an ascending lane and a descending lane inside a tunnel, the piezoelectric column device 1 is arranged on a tunnel pavement, and the rectifying device 2 and the current voltage transmitter 3 are arranged at the edge of the tunnel pavement; the power storage equipment 4 is arranged at the position of the side wall of the tunnel, which is 1.5-2.5m high; a plurality of lighting devices 7 are continuously arranged at the height of 5.5-6m on the left and right side walls of the tunnel.
Dividing the tunnel into a plurality of unit areas along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein each unit area is internally provided with a set of tunnel fire self-powered lighting system; in the unit area, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric column devices, a rectifying device, a voltage transmitter, an electricity storage device and a plurality of illuminating devices which are continuously arranged are arranged, a single chip microcomputer 6 is installed in each unit area (100m) to control the illuminating devices in the unit areas to work, and each single chip microcomputer is connected with a gas concentration detection sensor.
The arrangement mode of the piezoelectric column devices 1 is that a unit area (100 meters) is divided into ten sections by taking 10m as a group, a group of piezoelectric column devices are arranged at intervals of 10m, and 5 groups of piezoelectric column devices are arranged in the unit area. The piezoelectric column device 1 is arranged 0.3m away from the edges of two sides of a tunnel road surface, so that piezoelectric columns are arranged in a safe driving area of an automobile, the cost for purchasing the piezoelectric columns can be effectively saved, and the power generation efficiency for laying the piezoelectric columns is improved; 10m distance is middle isolation region between every two sets of piezoelectric column device, when guaranteeing that certain circuit in the unit area breaks out a fire, the electric power system of other groups still can normally collect the electric energy, and the district sets up and to ensure that all circuits in every unit area break out a fire, and lighting system in other regions is not influenced, guarantees that the LED tunnel lamp in other regions in the tunnel normally throws light on, greatly increased probability of fleing and rescue efficiency. The arrangement of the medium-voltage electric pole devices in the two lanes is staggered, so that the condition that the normal work of the LED tunnel lamps in the adjacent lanes is quickly endangered when a fire disaster happens in a certain area of a certain lane is avoided.
A group of piezoelectric column devices 1 consists of a 10m x 6m array of several piezoelectric columns, the type of which recommends the use of PCrN-4 Φ 14 × H10 MM. The piezoelectric column has the advantages of simple design, easiness in batch manufacturing, high durability and maintainability, no influence on the overall use due to the damage of a single column and the like, and the working efficiency of the piezoelectric column can be effectively improved to generate more electric energy. When the automobile passes through the tunnel road surface, the piezoelectric column device 1 is subjected to external force, and mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the direct piezoelectric effect to be connected with the rectifying device 2.
The mounting steps of the piezoelectric column device are as follows:
(1) selecting a pre-buried point of the piezoelectric column device, wherein the pre-buried point is provided with a slot which is slightly larger than the size of the piezoelectric column device, so that the slot can completely wrap and contain the piezoelectric column device, and a space for arranging a flexible buffer layer can be arranged around the piezoelectric column device; a wire groove is formed in one side, close to the edge of the tunnel pavement, of the groove, and the wire groove is in conduction connection with the bus groove.
(2) After appropriate asphalt mortar is filled in the groove, the piezoelectric column device is arranged in the groove, the wires of the piezoelectric column device are led out from the wire grooves in a parallel connection mode and collected in the bus groove, and the rectifying device 2 and the like are connected through the bus groove.
(3) Gaps between the groove wall and the piezoelectric column device and a slot gap are filled and compacted through asphalt mortar, and then the pit slot is subjected to crack pouring and sealing treatment through modified asphalt, so that the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located is flush with the surface of the whole tunnel.
(4) And after leveling, additionally paving an anti-slip coating or a buffer layer on the upper surface of the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located.
The asphalt mortar and the modified asphalt around the piezoelectric column device are flexible buffer layers, the modified asphalt is arranged at the top of the piezoelectric column device and is regarded as a stress absorbing layer, and the stress absorbing layer is laid to prevent the stress concentration of stone on the piezoelectric column device from causing structural damage, resist crack extension and water damage and have super-strong bonding capability. The asphalt mortar paved around and at the bottom of the piezoelectric column device is made of flexible materials, so that the piezoelectric column device can be prevented from being damaged by being extruded with surrounding stone materials, and the service life of the piezoelectric element is prolonged.
When an automobile passes through the tunnel road surface, the piezoelectric column device 1 is subjected to external force, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the direct piezoelectric effect, the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric column devices in a unit area is collected by being connected with the rectifying device 2, and the rectifying device 2 is connected with the power input end of the current voltage transducer 3 to exchange voltage and current. The power output end of the transmitter 3 is connected with the power input end of the electricity storage device 4 to store electric energy generated by the piezoelectric column, the power output end of the electricity storage device 4 is connected with the upper end of the gas concentration detection sensor 5, the lower end of the gas concentration detection sensor 5 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 6, and the lower end of the single chip microcomputer 6 is connected with the lighting device 7.
The rectifying device 2 is connected with the power input end of the current-voltage converter 3 and is used for collecting the electric energy generated by 5 groups of piezoelectric column devices in a unit area. The rectifying devices 2 may be directly purchased in the market, and one rectifying device 2 needs to be arranged in each unit area (100 m). The energy acquisition circuit of the rectifying device 2 can use a full-bridge rectifying circuit, the full-bridge rectifying circuit adopts a plurality of rectifying diodes for bridge connection, and the external insulating plastic package enhances heat dissipation, so that the energy acquisition circuit has the advantages of excellent performance, high rectifying efficiency and good stability.
The current voltage transducer 3 is connected with the electricity storage device 4, voltage and current exchange is carried out on direct current generated by the piezoelectric column device, and requirements of LED tunnel lamp voltage and current are met. The invention recommends to use a single-path direct-current voltage isolation transmitter, and a current-voltage transmitter 3 needs to be arranged in each unit area (100 m).
The gas concentration detection sensor 5 in the unit area is powered by the electricity storage device 4, and the electricity storage device 4 is used for storing electric energy required by normal illumination of the LED tunnel lamp. An electric storage device 4 is required to be arranged in each unit area (100m), and an online UPS is preferably adopted, and has the advantages of low cost, high reliability, high efficiency, excellent output voltage transient characteristic and the like.
The gas concentration detection sensor 5 is connected with the singlechip 6, the gas concentration detection sensor 5 is a sensor for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide, the output of the gas concentration detection sensor is a voltage value, the singlechip can convert the voltage signal into the gas concentration, the specific value of the CO gas concentration measured and calculated by the singlechip is compared with an alarm upper limit (50mmp) to judge whether the specific value exceeds the alarm upper limit, the American SPEC Sensors carbon monoxide sensor 3SP-CO-1000 is preferably selected, and one sensor is arranged in the range of each unit area (100 meters). Because CO gas hardly exists in the air, the time for generating the gas is earlier than the time for generating smoke when a fire breaks out, when the concentration of the CO gas reaches a sensor concentration threshold (50mmp), the fire breaks out most possibly, the single chip microcomputer 6 reduces the output current, only the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp are lightened, and yellow light is emitted.
The singlechip 6 is connected with the lighting device 7, and the singlechip preferably adopts an MCS51 singlechip. The voltage signal output by the gas concentration detection sensor is subjected to A/D conversion, filtering and linearization, and the singlechip converts the voltage value into the gas concentration to judge whether the alarm upper limit is exceeded or not. If the current is normal, the red, green and blue LED lamps of the controlled lighting device are simultaneously lighted to emit white light; when the alarm upper limit (50mmp) is exceeded, the single chip microcomputer reduces the output current, so that the controlled lighting device only enables the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp to be lightened to emit yellow light.
The lighting device 7 preferably adopts an LED tunnel lamp (preferably an SD series LED tunnel lamp), and in order to effectively solve the phenomena of 'black holes' and 'white holes' caused by overlarge brightness gradient change of the entrance and exit sections of the tunnel, the LED tunnel lamps are arranged at the entrance of the tunnel at intervals of 6m, at the transition section at intervals of 10m and at the basic section at intervals of 14 m. The LED color-changing lamp is realized by a control circuit, and a very small printed board comprises all components and control circuits, so that red, green and blue LEDs can be respectively lightened, pairwise lightened and lightened to emit light with 7 different colors. During ordinary illumination, the red, green and blue LEDs are simultaneously lightened, and the LED tunnel lamp emits white light. When the gas concentration reaches the sensor concentration threshold value (50mmp), the single chip microcomputer enables the output current to be reduced, the red LED and the green LED are lightened, and the color of the LED light is gradually changed from white in the common lighting process to yellow. Along with the increase of fog concentration, the fog penetration performance of the yellow LED light is the best, the escape visual field can be improved by utilizing the high fog penetration performance of the yellow LED light, and more possibility is provided for escape.
The invention also provides a use method of the tunnel fire self-powered lighting system, the method adopts the tunnel fire self-powered lighting system, and the steps are as follows:
(1) a vehicle passes through a road surface, the piezoelectric column device 1 is extruded, and the piezoelectric column device 1 converts mechanical energy into electric energy through a positive piezoelectric effect;
(2) the rectifying device 2 collects electric energy generated by 5 groups of piezoelectric column devices in a unit area, and the electric energy is input into the electricity storage equipment 4 through the current-voltage transmitter 3 for storage;
(3) when a fire disaster occurs in the tunnel, carbon monoxide (CO) gas generated by combustion is increased rapidly, the gas concentration detection sensor 5 monitors the concentration of the CO gas in real time, when the concentration reaches (is greater than or equal to) a threshold value (50mmp), the single chip microcomputer 6 reduces the output current, the color of LED light is gradually changed from white in common illumination to yellow, the escape visual field is improved, and escape rescue is guided;
(4) if part of circuits are burnt out in case of fire, the circuit design adopts the sectional arrangement, namely, the tunnel is divided into a unit area every 100m, each unit area is divided into 10 sections, each section is 10m, each empty section is provided with a group of piezoelectric column devices, and lamplight, electricity and other devices are arranged in a sectional way to burn out one section, and the illuminating devices on the other sections normally supply power to continue to provide the visual field to guide escape and rescue.
The core innovation point of the application is to provide a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system and a using method thereof, the system aims to realize self-powered power supply of a tunnel by utilizing a piezoelectric technology, and simultaneously, the regional range of the piezoelectric column device is reasonably divided. When a fire disaster occurs in the tunnel, normal use of the whole lighting equipment can be guaranteed when the fire disaster occurs in the area range of the tunnel, the gas concentration detection sensor 5 can also monitor the concentration of CO gas in real time, the light color is gradually changed from white to yellow by changing the output current through the single chip microcomputer, the energy waste and the fire disaster emergency shortage existing in tunnel lighting power supply are effectively solved, and the tunnel lighting power supply system has obvious economic value and social value.
When laying this application lighting system, need carry out statistical analysis to the vehicle flow etc. in this area earlier stage, confirm vehicle flow, most motorcycle type, vehicle load etc. and then reach the power generation ability that this tunnel passes through the piezoelectricity mode, to the less tunnel region of vehicle flow, still can assist the national electric wire netting, reduce the consumption of electric wire netting electric quantity.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a high-speed tunnel with a north tunnel opening made of expanded stone is taken as an example, the clear width of the tunnel is 13.25m, the clear height of the tunnel is 7.80m, the full length of the left line of the tunnel with the north tunnel is 1660m, the full length of the right line is 1550m, the vehicle speed is 100 km/H, and the average daily traffic volume is 50000-7000033＝166pcN-1N, free dielectric constant of piezoelectric material ═0×rVacuum dielectric constant of piezoelectric material0＝8.854×10-12(F/m), relative dielectric constant of piezoelectric materialr4500, one vehicle tire is approximately 16cm wide and two tires are 0.32m wide.
(1) Voltage generated by a single piezoelectric column:
in the formula:
a represents the area of a single piezoelectric column, and the length and the width of the single piezoelectric column are respectively 50mm and 20 mm;
h represents the height of a single piezoelectric column as 3 mm;
f represents the maximum pressure F experienced at both ends of a single piezoelectric columnmax＝max×A＝40000(N)(maxRepresenting the stress experienced across a single piezoelectric column).
(2) Electrical energy generated by a single piezoelectric column:
(3) the number of the piezoelectric columns in a single piezoelectric column device is that the automobile running in one direction presses in the width direction:
0.32 ÷ (0.02+0.005) ≈ 13 pieces
In the formula: the width of the piezoelectric columns is 20mm, the distance between every two piezoelectric columns is 5mm, and the distance is converted into a unified unit meter.
(4) The length of a single piezoelectric column device is 10m, and the number of piezoelectric columns of a one-way running automobile in the length direction is as follows:
10 ÷ (0.05+0.005) ≈ 182 (pieces)
In the formula: the length of the piezoelectric columns is 50mm, the distance between every two piezoelectric columns is 5mm, and the length is converted into a unified unit meter.
(5) The number of the total piezoelectric columns in a single piezoelectric column device is that:
182 × 13 ═ 2366 (ones)
(6) The total five groups of piezoelectric column devices in a unit area, the number of the total piezoelectric columns when one automobile runs in one direction:
(7) The energy generated by the piezoelectric column in a unit area is pressed once when an automobile runs in one direction:
11830×11.5＝136045(mJ)
according to the calculation of 5-7 ten thousand of the average daily flow, the piezoelectric column in the unit area (100m) can generate (680-952) × 104Energy of J. The normal use time of 7 100w LED tunnel lamps in one area is about 23-26 hours. Because the north tunnel has a left line total length of 1660m and a right line total length of 1550 m. The electric energy generated by the piezoelectric columns in the tunnel can well supply power to the LED tunnel lamp.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel fire self-powered lighting system comprises a piezoelectric column device, a rectifying device, a current-voltage transmitter, an electricity storage device, a gas concentration detection sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a lighting device; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
dividing the tunnel into a plurality of unit areas along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein each unit area is internally provided with a set of tunnel fire self-powered lighting system; when an automobile passes through the tunnel pavement, the piezoelectric column device is subjected to external force, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the direct piezoelectric effect, the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric columns in a unit area is collected by being connected with the rectifying device, and the rectifying device is connected with the power input end of the current voltage transducer to exchange voltage and current; the power output end of the transmitter is connected with the power input end of the power storage equipment to store the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric column device; the power storage equipment supplies power to the gas concentration detection sensor, the lighting device and the single chip microcomputer, the gas concentration detection sensor is simultaneously connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is connected with the lighting device.
2. The self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire according to claim 1, wherein the gas concentration detection sensor can change the output voltage of the gas concentration detection sensor along with the change of the CO gas concentration, so that the output current of the single chip microcomputer is influenced, and finally the light color of a lighting lamp is changed; the singlechip performs A/D conversion, filtering and linearization on the voltage signal output by the gas concentration detection sensor, and the singlechip converts the voltage value into the gas concentration to judge whether the alarm upper limit is exceeded or not.
3. The self-powered lighting system of claim 1 wherein the piezoelectric post arrangement comprises a plurality of piezoelectric posts; the mounting steps of the piezoelectric column device are as follows:
(1) selecting pre-buried points of the piezoelectric column device, wherein the pre-buried points are provided with slots larger than the size of the piezoelectric column device, so that the slots can completely wrap and contain the piezoelectric column device, and a space for arranging a flexible buffer layer can be formed around the piezoelectric column device; a wire slot is formed in one side of the open groove close to the edge of the tunnel pavement, and the wire slot is connected to the bus slot in a conduction mode;
(2) after asphalt mortar is filled in the open groove, the piezoelectric column device is arranged in the open groove, the wires of the piezoelectric column device are led out from the wire grooves in a parallel connection mode and collected in the bus groove, and the wires are connected with the rectifying device through the bus groove;
(3) gaps between the groove wall and the piezoelectric column device and a slot gap are filled and compacted through asphalt mortar, and then the pit slot is subjected to crack pouring and sealing treatment by using modified asphalt, so that the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located is flush with the surface of the whole tunnel;
(4) and after leveling, additionally paving an anti-slip coating or a buffer layer on the upper surface of the pavement where the piezoelectric column device is located.
4. The self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire as claimed in claim 3, wherein the piezoelectric column devices are arranged in a single lane in such a manner that a unit area is divided into a plurality of sections at equal intervals, and a group of piezoelectric column devices are arranged at every other section; the double-lane medium voltage electric pole device is arranged in a staggered manner.
5. A self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire as claimed in claim 4 wherein the unit area is 100m long, each section is 10m long, a group of piezoelectric column devices are arranged at intervals of 10m, and a total of 5 groups of piezoelectric column devices are arranged in the unit area; the piezoelectric column devices are arranged at a distance of 0.3m from the edges of two sides of the tunnel pavement, and a distance of 10m between every two groups of piezoelectric columns is an intermediate isolation area.
6. A tunnel fire self-powered lighting system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rectifying means, current and voltage transformer, electrical storage device, gas concentration detection sensor are arranged one per unit area.
7. A tunnel fire self-powered lighting system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the upper warning limit is a CO gas concentration of 50 mmp; when the gas concentration in the single chip microcomputer does not exceed the alarm upper limit, the current is normal, the red LED lamp, the green LED lamp and the blue LED lamp are simultaneously lightened to emit white light, and when the gas concentration in the single chip microcomputer exceeds the alarm upper limit, the single chip microcomputer reduces the output current, only the red LED lamp and the green LED lamp are lightened to emit yellow light.
8. A self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire as claimed in claim 1 wherein said lighting means comprises a plurality of LED lamps, one LED tunnel lamp being provided at every 6m, every 10m in the transition section and every 14m in the base section at the entrance of the tunnel.
9. The self-powered lighting system for tunnel fire according to claim 1, wherein the gas concentration detection sensor is a SPEC Sensors carbon monoxide sensor 3SP-CO-1000, the single chip is an MCS51 single chip, one group of piezoelectric column devices is a 10m x 6m array formed by a plurality of piezoelectric columns, the type of the piezoelectric columns is PCrN-4 Φ 14 × H10 MM; the energy acquisition circuit of the rectifying device uses a full-bridge rectifying circuit.
10. A method for using a tunnel fire self-powered lighting system comprises the following steps:
(1) the tunnel pavement is arranged in a sectional mode, an independent lighting system is arranged in each region, the piezoelectric column devices are arranged in the regions in a sectional mode, vehicles pass through the pavement and extrude the piezoelectric column devices, and the piezoelectric column devices convert mechanical energy into electric energy through the positive piezoelectric effect;
(2) the rectifying device collects electric energy generated by a plurality of piezoelectric column devices in a unit area, and the electric energy is input into the electricity storage equipment through the current-voltage transmitter for storage;
(3) the power storage equipment supplies power to the lighting device, so that the normal use of tunnel lighting is ensured;
(4) when a fire disaster occurs in the tunnel, the carbon monoxide gas generated by combustion is increased rapidly, the gas concentration detection sensor monitors the concentration of the CO gas in real time, and the singlechip converts the voltage value output by the sensor into the gas concentration to judge whether the gas concentration exceeds an alarm upper limit or not;
(5) if part of circuits are burnt in case of fire, because the circuit design adopts a partition and segmentation mode, light, electricity and other devices are distributed in a partition mode, one of the regions is burnt, and the lighting systems in the other regions normally supply power to continue to provide a visual field for guiding escape and rescue.
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