CN111594562B - Friction body, preparation method thereof and brake pad - Google Patents

Friction body, preparation method thereof and brake pad Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111594562B
CN111594562B CN202010501963.5A CN202010501963A CN111594562B CN 111594562 B CN111594562 B CN 111594562B CN 202010501963 A CN202010501963 A CN 202010501963A CN 111594562 B CN111594562 B CN 111594562B
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aluminum
manganese
chromium
friction body
based composite
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CN111594562A (en
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聂广远
钟梓云
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Shandong Heze Detong New Material Technology Co ltd
Beijing Pulan Rail Transit Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Heze Detong New Material Technology Co ltd
Beijing Pulan Rail Transit Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
    • F16D2200/003—Light metals, e.g. aluminium

Abstract

The invention discloses a friction body, a preparation method thereof and a brake pad, relates to the technical field of friction body materials, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the related technology, a copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad is easy to crack and poor in wear resistance, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the mass of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad is large, the energy consumption of a train is increased continuously. The friction body includes an aluminum-based composite body and a surface coating layer formed on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. The aluminum-based composite body is a TaC reinforced Al-Si-Mn-Cr aluminum-based friction body. The aluminum-based composite comprises, by mass, 10-20% of silicon, 2-6% of manganese, 4-8% of chromium, 5-15% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum. The preparation method of the friction body is used for preparing the friction body. The friction body provided by the invention is used for braking the brake pad.

Description

Friction body, preparation method thereof and brake pad
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction body materials, in particular to a friction body for a brake pad, a preparation method of the friction body and the brake pad.
Background
The brake pad is one of the important parts forming the train braking device, and the prior brake of the high-speed train mainly adopts the powder metallurgy brake pad for braking. The brake pad made of copper-iron-based powder metallurgy is widely applied due to the advantages of low price and wide raw material source.
When a train is braked, the brake pad converts kinetic energy into heat energy and emits the heat energy into air to achieve the braking purpose, but the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad is easy to crack and poor in wear resistance, and meanwhile, the mass of the copper-iron-based powder metallurgy brake pad is large, so that the energy consumption of the train is also increased continuously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction body, a preparation method thereof and a brake pad, so as to improve the thermal stability, high temperature resistance and wear resistance of the friction body in the brake pad, reduce the quality of the friction body and reduce the energy consumption of a train.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a friction body. The friction body comprises an aluminum-based composite body and a surface coating formed on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body, wherein the aluminum-based composite body is a TaC reinforced Al-Si-Mn-Cr aluminum-based friction body; the aluminum-based composite comprises, by mass, 10-20% of silicon, 2-6% of manganese, 4-8% of chromium, 5-15% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, in the friction body provided by the invention, silicon can inhibit thermal expansion and improve wear resistance. Through the experimental research of the inventor, when the mass percent of the silicon is less than 10%, the solid solution strengthening effect of the silicon is limited; on the other hand, when the mass percentage of silicon is more than 20%, lattice transition distortion is induced, and therefore, the mass percentage of silicon is set to 10% to 20%. The manganese can refine grains and improve high-temperature strength, and when the mass percentage of the manganese is less than 2%, the strengthening effect on the aluminum-based complex is limited; when the mass percent of manganese is more than 6%, excessive Al is formed6Mn is dispersed, and therefore, the mass percent of manganese is set to 2% to 6%. The chromium can improve the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity, and when the mass percent of the chromium is less than 4%, the effect of improving the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite is not obvious; when the mass percentage of chromium is more than 8%, the quenching sensitivity is increased, and therefore the mass percentage of chromium is set to 4% to 8%. The tantalum carbide can improve the strength of the aluminum-based composite body through the movement effect of pinning dislocation, and the mass percent of the tantalum carbide is 5-15% through multiple tests. Therefore, the friction body provided by the invention strengthens the synergistic effect of particles through silicon, manganese and chromium alloy elements and tantalum carbide, and can strengthen through solid solutionAnd the precipitation strengthening function, the heat stability and the high-temperature strength of the aluminum-based composite body are improved, and the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite body is improved.
In addition, the conventional brake pad comprises a friction body, a framework, a clamp spring, a steel backing and other parts. The research shows that the energy-saving effect of the weight-reduced unsprung part is 8-11 times of the energy-saving effect of the weight-reduced unsprung part, the brake pad belongs to the unsprung part, and the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the aluminum-based composite body, so that the weight is light compared with the existing copper-iron-based brake pad, and the energy consumption of a train can be reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the friction body, which comprises the following steps:
preparing an aluminum-based complex by using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide as raw materials and adopting a powder metallurgy method; and forming a surface coating on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the friction body provided by the invention has the same beneficial effects as the friction body in the technical scheme, and the details are not repeated herein.
The invention also provides a brake pad, which comprises the friction body in the technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the brake pad provided by the invention has the same beneficial effects as the friction body in the technical scheme, and the detailed description is omitted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing mechanical properties of a friction body and a pure aluminum alloy in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a surface W/Mo coating topography of the friction body in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Along with the rapid development of the technology of the Chinese high-speed rail motor train, the running speed of the high-speed train is continuously improved, the braking load is increased more and more, and the system performance requirement in the braking field is correspondingly improved.
The brake pad is one of the important parts forming the train braking device, and the prior brake of the high-speed train mainly adopts the powder metallurgy brake pad for braking. When the train is braked, the running safety of the train is directly influenced. During braking, the brake pad converts kinetic energy into heat energy and emits the heat energy into air, so that the brake pad friction material has better friction and wear performance.
The powder metallurgy brake pad is mainly assembled by parts such as a friction body, a framework, a clamp spring, a steel backing and the like. The copper-iron based powder metallurgy brake pad is widely applied due to low price and wide raw material source. However, the copper-iron-based brake pad has the problems of easy heat cracking, poor wear resistance and the like, is difficult to meet the development requirement of high-performance high-speed trains, and has large mass, so that the energy consumption of the trains is also increased continuously. Research shows that the energy-saving effect of the unsprung part after being lightened is 8-11 times of that of the sprung part, and the brake pad belongs to the unsprung part, so that the brake pad with good friction property, excellent heat resistance, high strength and light weight has wide market prospect.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a friction body. The friction body includes an aluminum-based composite body and a surface coating layer formed on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. The aluminum-based complex is a TaC reinforced Al-Si-Mn-Cr aluminum-based friction body; the aluminum-based composite comprises, by mass, 10-20% of silicon, 2-6% of manganese, 4-8% of chromium, 5-15% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum. In preparing the friction body, aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium, and tantalum carbide may be prepared as an aluminum-based composite using a powder metallurgy method. The surface coating can be prepared on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body by using a laser cladding method.
In the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention, silicon can inhibit thermal expansion and improve wear resistance. Through the experimental research of the inventor, when the mass percent of the silicon is less than 10%, the solid solution strengthening effect of the silicon is limited; when the mass percentage of silicon is more than 20%, lattice transition distortion is induced, and therefore the mass percentage of silicon is set to 10% to 20%. The manganese can refine grains and improve high-temperature strength, and when the mass percentage of the manganese is less than 2%, the strengthening effect on the aluminum-based complex is limited; when the mass percent of manganese is more than 6%, excessive Al is formed6Mn is dispersed phase, so the mass percent of manganese is set to be 2-6%. The chromium can improve the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity, and when the mass percent of the chromium is less than 4%, the effect of improving the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite is not obvious; when the mass percentage of chromium is more than 8%, the quenching sensitivity is increased, and therefore the mass percentage of chromium is set to 4% to 8%. The tantalum carbide can improve the strength of the aluminum-based composite body through the movement effect of pinning dislocation, and the mass percent of the tantalum carbide is 5-15% through multiple tests. Therefore, the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the thermal stability and high-temperature strength of the aluminum-based composite body and improve the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite body through the synergistic effect of silicon, manganese and chromium alloy elements and tantalum carbide strengthening particles and the solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening effects.
The existing brake pad comprises a friction body, a framework, a clamp spring, a steel backing and other parts. Through research, the energy-saving effect of the train after the weight of the unsprung part is reduced is 8-11 times of the energy-saving effect of the train after the weight of the train is reduced, the brake pad belongs to the unsprung part, and the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the aluminum-based composite body, so that the weight of the friction body is light compared with that of the existing copper-iron-based brake pad, and the energy consumption of the train can be reduced.
In the process of preparing the aluminum-based composite body from aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide, the aluminum, manganese and chromium form an aluminum-manganese-chromium intermetallic compound, and the tantalum carbide is dispersed in the aluminum-based composite body in a form of a reinforcing phase. Through the synergistic effect of silicon, manganese and chromium alloy elements and tantalum carbide strengthening particles, silicon element is dissolved in the aluminum-based composite body in a solid solution mode, a silicon-manganese-chromium intermetallic compound and a tantalum carbide strengthening phase which is dispersed and distributed in a dispersed mode are formed, the effects of solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening are achieved, and the high-temperature strength and the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite body are improved.
When the mass percent of chromium is less than that of manganese, the intermetallic compound of aluminum, manganese and chromium is Al-Mn- (Cr). When the mass percent of manganese is less than that of chromium, the intermetallic compound of aluminum, manganese and chromium is Al-Cr- (Mn). The content of chromium element in Al-Mn- (Cr) is less, and the content of manganese element in Al-Cr- (Mn) is less. Al-Mn- (Cr) and Al-Cr- (Mn) differ only in element content and represent phases of varying proportions, and therefore, Al-Mn- (Cr) and Al-Cr- (Mn) have almost the same properties, resulting in a comparable aluminum matrix composite.
In order to ensure that aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide can be better prepared into the aluminum-based composite, the granularity of the silicon, the manganese, the chromium and the aluminum is 40-160 meshes and the granularity of the tantalum carbide is 160-400 meshes when the aluminum-based composite is prepared.
In the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention, silicon can inhibit thermal expansion and improve wear resistance. Through the experimental research of the inventor, when the mass percent of the silicon is less than 10%, the solid solution strengthening effect of the silicon is limited; and when the mass percentage of silicon is more than 20%, lattice transition distortion is induced, so the mass percentage of silicon is preferably 12% to 18%. The manganese can refine grains and improve high-temperature strength, and when the mass percentage of the manganese is less than 2%, the strengthening effect on the aluminum-based complex is limited; when the mass percent of manganese is more than 6%, excessive Al is formed6Mn dispersed phase, so the mass percent of manganese is preferably 3% to 5%. The chromium can improve the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity, and when the mass percent of the chromium is less than 4%, the effect of improving the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite is not obvious; when the mass percentage of chromium is more than 8%, the quenching sensitivity is increased, and therefore the mass percentage of chromium is preferably 5% to 7%. The tantalum carbide can improve the strength of the aluminum-based composite body through the action of pinning dislocation movement, and the mass percentage of the tantalum carbide is preferably 5-15% through multiple tests. Thereby providingThe synergistic effect of silicon, manganese and chromium alloy elements and tantalum carbide reinforced particles is well ensured, the thermal stability and the high-temperature strength of the aluminum-based composite body can be improved through the solid solution reinforcement and precipitation reinforcement effects, and meanwhile, the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite body is improved, so that the friction body has the best performance.
The embodiment of the invention aims to ensure that aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide are better prepared into an aluminum-based composite. In the preparation of the aluminum-based composite body, the particle size of silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum is preferably 70-120 mesh, and the particle size of tantalum carbide is preferably 200-300 mesh.
In some possible implementations, to further improve the surface strength and wear resistance of the friction body, embodiments of the present invention provide a surface coating comprising tungsten and molybdenum. The thickness of the surface coating is 2-8 μm. Tungsten and molybdenum are used as wear-resistant high-temperature metals, and the W/Mo surface coating is arranged on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body, so that the high-temperature wear resistance of the friction body can be further improved. Tests show that when the W/Mo surface coating is arranged on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body, the surface hardness of the friction body is 90 HBW-180 HBW, the yield strength is 90 Mpa-160 Mpa, the tensile strength is 180 Mpa-310 Mpa, and the surface friction coefficient is 0.12-0.35.
Through a plurality of test trials, the mass ratio of tungsten to molybdenum in the W/Mo surface coating obtains the proportion capable of achieving the expected effect, namely the mass ratio of tungsten to molybdenum is (1-3): (3-1), preferably (1-2): (2-1).
Example two
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the steps of taking aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide as raw materials, and preparing an aluminum-based complex by adopting a powder metallurgy method.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite by using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide as raw materials and adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing silicon, manganese, chromium, aluminum and tantalum carbide by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode to obtain the premix.
And refining and crushing the premix by adopting a ball mill to obtain a first mixture.
And sintering the first mixture for 2-4 h at 350-550 ℃ under 60-80 MPa by hot isostatic pressing to obtain a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 120-280 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the friction body provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same beneficial effects as the friction body, and is not repeated herein.
In some possible implementations, after the aluminum-based composite is prepared by using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium, and tantalum carbide as raw materials and using a powder metallurgy method, the method for preparing the friction body further includes:
tungsten and molybdenum are used as raw materials, and a laser cladding method is adopted to prepare a surface coating on the surface of the aluminum-based complex.
The preparation of the surface coating on the surface of the aluminum-based complex by using tungsten and molybdenum as raw materials and adopting a laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the tungsten and the molybdenum by adopting a mixer to obtain a second mixture.
Preheating the aluminum matrix composite to 100-200 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body; the laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1-0.5 mm, the laser power is 1-5 kW, and the laser cladding speed is 5-20 mm/min.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 180-220 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the friction body.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the invention also provides a brake pad, and the friction body in the brake pad is made of the friction body in the first embodiment.
Compared with the prior art, the brake pad provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same beneficial effect as the friction body in the embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted.
Example four
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of aluminum-based composite body by powder metallurgy method
High-purity aluminum powder, silicon powder, manganese powder, chromium powder and tantalum carbide particles are selected, ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethyl alcohol and dried. Weighing 14% of silicon, 4% of manganese, 5% of chromium, 9% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum according to the required mass percentage. The particle size of the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum was 100 mesh. The grain size of the tantalum carbide is 280 meshes.
And (3) mixing for 20min at a rotating speed of 30r/min by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode, and uniformly mixing the silicon, the manganese, the chromium, the aluminum and the tantalum carbide to obtain the premix.
The premix is placed into a horizontal ball mill for thinning and crushing, a steel ball with the nominal diameter of 0.7mm is used as a grinding medium, the ball-material ratio is 1.3, the rotating speed is 900r/min, and the ball milling time is 1.5h, so that a first mixture is obtained.
The first mix was hot isostatic pressed sintered at 450 ℃ for 3h at 70MPa to obtain a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 200 ℃ for 9h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
The second step is that: preparation of W/Mo surface coating by laser cladding method
And (3) respectively polishing the aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first step on 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water sandpaper to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum matrix composite. Then use Al2O3And the nylon cloth soaked by the suspension liquid polishes the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. And then ultrasonically cleaning the aluminum-based composite body in absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally airing by cold air.
Selecting high-purity tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, ultrasonically cleaning the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying. Weighing and proportioning the components according to the required mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the molybdenum powder is 1: 1, and uniformly mixing the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder to obtain a second mixture.
And putting the second mixture into a powder feeding mechanism of laser cladding equipment, preheating the cold air dried aluminum matrix composite to 150 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body. The laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.3mm, the laser power is 3kW, the laser cladding speed is 12mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is determined according to the cladding speed.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 200 ℃ for 45min, and air-cooling to obtain the friction body.
The sample prepared in example four was subjected to structural analysis and performance testing:
(A) influence of alloying and heat treatment on mechanical properties:
according to GB/T16865-2013, the mechanical property of the material is tested by adopting a tensile test, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the strain rate is 0.5 mm/min. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the tensile strength of the TaC reinforced Al-Si-Mn-Cr aluminum-based friction body prepared in the fourth embodiment is 290MPa, while the tensile strength of pure aluminum is only 100MPa, so that the Al, Si, Mn, Cr alloy elements and the TaC particle reinforcing phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the friction body.
(B) The morphology of the W/Mo surface coating is as follows:
and observing the microstructure of the W/Mo surface coating by using a scanning electron microscope. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the thickness of the W/Mo surface coating prepared in the fourth example is 3 μm, the coating is uniform and compact, no micro-cracks or holes are found, and the high-temperature wear resistance of the friction body is further improved.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of aluminum-based composite body by powder metallurgy method
High-purity aluminum powder, silicon powder, manganese powder, chromium powder and tantalum carbide particles are selected, ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethyl alcohol and dried. Weighing 16% of silicon, 5% of manganese, 6% of chromium, 11% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum according to the required mass percentage. The particle size of the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum was 70 mesh and the particle size of the tantalum carbide was 200 mesh.
And uniformly mixing the silicon, the manganese, the chromium, the aluminum and the tantalum carbide by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode at a rotating speed of 30r/min for 30min to obtain the premix.
The premix is placed into a horizontal ball mill for refining and crushing, steel balls with the nominal diameter of 0.7mm are used as grinding media, the ball-material ratio is 1.8, the rotating speed is 1200r/min, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so that a first mixture is obtained.
The first mix was hot isostatic pressed sintered at 510 ℃ for 4h at 80MPa to obtain a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 200 ℃ for 12h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
The second step is that: preparation of W/Mo surface coating by laser cladding method
And (3) respectively polishing the aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first step on 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water sandpaper to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum matrix composite. Then use Al2O3And the nylon cloth soaked by the suspension liquid polishes the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. And then ultrasonically cleaning the aluminum-based composite body in absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally airing by cold air.
Selecting high-purity tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, ultrasonically cleaning the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying. Weighing and proportioning the components according to the required mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the molybdenum powder is 1.5: 1, and uniformly mixing the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder to obtain a second mixture.
And putting the second mixture into a powder feeding mechanism of laser cladding equipment, preheating the cold air dried aluminum matrix composite to 200 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body. The laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5mm, the laser power is 4.5kW, the laser cladding speed is 14mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is determined according to the cladding speed.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 220 ℃ for 45min, and air-cooling to obtain the friction body.
Through performance detection, after the friction body prepared by the embodiment is subjected to heat treatment, the thickness of the W/Mo surface coating is 2 micrometers, the tensile strength of the friction body is 240MPa, and compared with a pure aluminum material, the strength is improved by 140 MPa.
EXAMPLE six
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of aluminum-based composite body by powder metallurgy method
High-purity aluminum powder, silicon powder, manganese powder, chromium powder and tantalum carbide particles are selected, ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethyl alcohol and dried. Weighing 10% of silicon, 2% of manganese, 4% of chromium, 5% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum according to the required mass percentage. The particle size of the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum was 40 mesh and the particle size of the tantalum carbide was 160 mesh.
And (3) mixing for 10min at a rotating speed of 30r/min by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode, and uniformly mixing the silicon, the manganese, the chromium, the aluminum and the tantalum carbide to obtain the premix.
The premix is placed into a horizontal ball mill for refining and crushing, steel balls with the nominal diameter of 0.3mm are used as grinding media, the ball-material ratio is 0.6, the rotating speed is 600r/min, and the ball milling time is 1h, so that a first mixture is obtained.
The first mix was hot isostatic pressed sintered at 350 ℃ for 2h at 60MPa to obtain a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 120 ℃ for 6h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
The second step is that: preparation of W/Mo surface coating by laser cladding method
And (3) respectively polishing the aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first step on 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water sandpaper to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum matrix composite. Then use Al2O3And the nylon cloth soaked by the suspension liquid polishes the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. And then ultrasonically cleaning the aluminum-based composite body in absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally airing by cold air.
Selecting high-purity tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, ultrasonically cleaning the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying. Weighing and proportioning the components according to the required mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the molybdenum powder is 1: and 3, uniformly mixing the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder to obtain a second mixture.
And putting the second mixture into a powder feeding mechanism of laser cladding equipment, preheating the cold air dried aluminum matrix composite to 100 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body. The laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1mm, the laser power is 1kW, the laser cladding speed is 5mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is determined according to the cladding speed.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 180 ℃ for 30min, and air-cooling to obtain the friction body.
EXAMPLE seven
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of aluminum-based composite body by powder metallurgy method
(1) High-purity aluminum powder, silicon powder, manganese powder, chromium powder and tantalum carbide particles are selected, ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethyl alcohol and dried. Weighing 15% of silicon, 4% of manganese, 6% of chromium, 10% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum according to the required mass percentage. The particle size of silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum was 100 mesh, and the particle size of tantalum carbide was 280 mesh.
And (3) mixing for 20min at a rotating speed of 30r/min by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode, and uniformly mixing the silicon, the manganese, the chromium, the aluminum and the tantalum carbide to obtain the premix.
The premix is placed into a horizontal ball mill for thinning and crushing, a steel ball with the nominal diameter of 0.7mm is used as a grinding medium, the ball-material ratio is 1.3, the rotating speed is 900r/min, and the ball milling time is 1.5h, so that a first mixture is obtained.
The first mix was hot isostatic pressed sintered at 450 ℃ for 3h at 70MPa, a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 200 ℃ for 9h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
The second step is that: preparation of W/Mo surface coating by laser cladding method
And (3) respectively polishing the aluminum matrix composite prepared in the first step on 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water sandpaper to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum matrix composite. Then use Al2O3And the nylon cloth soaked by the suspension liquid polishes the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. And then ultrasonically cleaning the aluminum-based composite body in absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally airing by cold air.
Selecting high-purity tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, ultrasonically cleaning the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying. Weighing and proportioning the components according to the required mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the molybdenum powder is 1: 1, and uniformly mixing the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder to obtain a second mixture.
And putting the second mixture into a powder feeding mechanism of laser cladding equipment, preheating the cold air dried aluminum matrix composite to 150 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body. The laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.3mm, the laser power is 3kW, the laser cladding speed is 12mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is determined according to the cladding speed.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 200 ℃ for 45min, and air-cooling to obtain the friction body.
Example eight
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a friction body. The preparation method of the friction body comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of aluminum-based composite body by powder metallurgy method
High-purity aluminum powder, silicon powder, manganese powder, chromium powder and tantalum carbide particles are selected, ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethyl alcohol and dried. Weighing 20% of silicon, 6% of manganese, 8% of chromium, 15% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum according to the required mass percentage. The particle size of the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum was 160 mesh and the particle size of the tantalum carbide was 400 mesh.
And uniformly mixing the silicon, the manganese, the chromium, the aluminum and the tantalum carbide by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode at a rotating speed of 30r/min for 30min to obtain the premix.
The premix is placed into a horizontal ball mill for refining and crushing, steel balls with the nominal diameter of 1.2mm are used as grinding media, the ball-material ratio is 2.0, the rotating speed is 1200r/min, and the ball milling time is 2 hours, so that a first mixture is obtained.
The first mix was hot isostatic pressed sintered at 550 ℃ for 4h at 80MPa to obtain a first preform.
And annealing the first prefabricated body at 280 ℃ for 12h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
The second step is that: preparation of W/Mo surface coating by laser cladding method
Respectively putting the aluminum-based composite body prepared in the first step at 5And (5) polishing the 00#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# water sandpaper to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum matrix composite. Then use Al2O3And the nylon cloth soaked by the suspension liquid polishes the surface of the aluminum-based composite body. And then ultrasonically cleaning the aluminum-based composite body in absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally airing by cold air.
Selecting high-purity tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, ultrasonically cleaning the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying. Weighing and proportioning the components according to the required mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the molybdenum powder is 3: 1, and uniformly mixing the tungsten powder and the molybdenum powder to obtain a second mixture.
And putting the second mixture into a powder feeding mechanism of laser cladding equipment, preheating the cold air dried aluminum matrix composite to 200 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body. The laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5mm, the laser power is 5kW, the laser cladding speed is 20mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is determined according to the cladding speed.
And annealing the second prefabricated body at 220 ℃ for 60min, and air-cooling to obtain the friction body.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. The friction body is characterized by comprising an aluminum-based composite body and a surface coating formed on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body, wherein the aluminum-based composite body is a TaC-reinforced Al-Si-Mn-Cr aluminum-based friction body; the aluminum-based composite comprises, by mass, 10-20% of silicon, 2-6% of manganese, 4-8% of chromium, 5-15% of tantalum carbide and the balance of aluminum.
2. The friction body as recited in claim 1 wherein the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum have a mesh size of 40 mesh to 160 mesh and the tantalum carbide has a mesh size of 160 mesh to 400 mesh.
3. The friction body according to claim 1, wherein said aluminum-based composite body comprises, in mass percent of said aluminum-based composite body, 12% to 18% of silicon, 3% to 5% of manganese, 5% to 7% of chromium, 6% to 14% of tantalum carbide, and the balance aluminum.
4. The friction body as recited in claim 1 wherein the silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum have a mesh size of 70 mesh to 120 mesh and the tantalum carbide has a mesh size of 200 mesh to 300 mesh.
5. The friction body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said silicon is solid-dissolved in said aluminum-based composite body, said aluminum, said manganese and said chromium form an intermetallic compound of aluminum manganese chromium, said tantalum carbide being dispersed in said aluminum-based composite body in the form of a reinforcing phase; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the mass percent of the chromium is less than that of the manganese, the aluminum-manganese-chromium intermetallic compound is Al-Mn- (Cr); and when the mass percent of the manganese is less than that of the chromium, the aluminum-manganese-chromium intermetallic compound is Al-Cr- (Mn).
6. The friction body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface hardness of the friction body is 90HBW to 180HBW, the yield strength is 90MPa to 160MPa, the tensile strength is 180MPa to 310MPa, and the surface friction coefficient is 0.12 to 0.35.
7. The friction body as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said surface coating comprises tungsten and molybdenum; wherein the thickness of the surface coating is 2-8 μm.
8. The friction body as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said surface coating comprises tungsten and molybdenum; wherein the mass ratio of tungsten to molybdenum is (1-3): (3-1).
9. The friction body according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of tungsten to molybdenum is (1-2): 2-1.
10. A method for producing a friction body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
preparing an aluminum-based complex by using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide as raw materials and adopting a powder metallurgy method;
and forming a surface coating on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body.
11. The method for preparing the friction body according to claim 10, wherein the preparing the aluminum-based composite body by using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium and tantalum carbide as raw materials and adopting a powder metallurgy method comprises:
uniformly mixing silicon, manganese, chromium, aluminum and tantalum carbide by adopting a mixer in a 360-degree alternating turnover mode to obtain a premix;
refining and crushing the premix by adopting a ball mill to obtain a first mixture;
sintering the first mixture for 2-4 h at 350-550 ℃ under 60-80 MPa by hot isostatic pressing to obtain a first preform;
and annealing the first prefabricated body at 120-280 ℃ for 6-12 h to obtain the aluminum-based composite body.
12. The method for manufacturing a friction body according to claim 10 or 11, wherein after the aluminum-based composite is manufactured by a powder metallurgy method using aluminum, silicon, manganese, chromium, and tantalum carbide as raw materials, the method further comprises:
tungsten and molybdenum are used as raw materials, and a surface coating is prepared on the surface of the aluminum-based complex by a laser cladding method.
13. The method for preparing the friction body according to claim 12, wherein the step of preparing the surface coating on the surface of the aluminum-based composite body by using tungsten and molybdenum as raw materials and adopting a laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing tungsten and molybdenum by using a mixer to obtain a second mixture;
preheating the aluminum matrix composite to 100-200 ℃, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the preheated aluminum matrix composite by adopting a laser cladding mode to obtain a second prefabricated body; the laser cladding mode is a synchronous working mode, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1-0.5 mm, the laser power is 1-5 kW, and the laser cladding speed is 5-20 mm/min;
and annealing the second prefabricated body at 180-220 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the friction body.
14. A brake pad, characterized in that it comprises a friction body according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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US3117845A (en) * 1960-04-27 1964-01-14 Bendix Corp Friction coated metal base
US4146654A (en) * 1967-10-11 1979-03-27 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Process for making linings for friction operated apparatus
DE3762544D1 (en) * 1986-02-05 1990-06-07 Europ Propulsion FRICTION SYSTEM FROM COMPOSED FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS.
KR20110066975A (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-06-17 하.체. 스탁 세라믹스 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 Novel wear-resistant films and a method for the production and for the use thereof
CA2773197A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-09-27 Yundong Li Electroplated super abrasive tools with the abrasive particles chemically bonded and deliberately placed, and methods for making the same
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