CN111594118A - Electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil - Google Patents
Electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111594118A CN111594118A CN202010622770.5A CN202010622770A CN111594118A CN 111594118 A CN111594118 A CN 111594118A CN 202010622770 A CN202010622770 A CN 202010622770A CN 111594118 A CN111594118 A CN 111594118A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000009671 shengli Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery efficiency of thickened oil, an antenna for emitting electromagnetic radiation is placed in a production pipe column, a temperature sensor is arranged near a well casing, the temperature near the well casing is collected in real time, the emitting power of the antenna is reduced in a gradient manner when the temperature near the well casing is raised to a set critical temperature, the temperature near the well casing is firstly reduced and then raised, after continuous radiation heating is carried out by adopting the current power, if the temperature near the well casing is raised to the critical temperature, the power of the antenna is continuously reduced in a stepped manner until the power is reduced to about 100W, a production well is opened, thickened oil spontaneously flows to the production well due to the formation pressure difference, and the antenna is continuously heated by electromagnetic radiation at low power, so the problems that the thickened oil yield is reduced and the quality of well casing materials is influenced due to overhigh heating temperature are solved by the electromagnetic heating method of the invention, meanwhile, the heating temperature for keeping the fluidity of the thick oil is ensured, and the exploitation efficiency and the engineering safety of the thick oil are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crude oil exploitation, in particular to an electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery ratio of thick oil.
Background
The Heavy Oil is commonly called Heavy crude Oil (Heavy Oil) internationally, and the crude Oil with extremely high viscosity is also called Tar Sand (Tar Sand Oil), and is collectively called Heavy Oil in China. The Chinese thick oil resource is widely distributed, mainly distributed in Liaohe oil area, Xinjiang oil area, Shengli oil area and Henan oil area, and also distributed in Daqing, Jilin and Dagang oil area in a small amount. The high viscosity of the thick oil leads to poor fluidity, so that the technical key of thick oil exploitation is mainly to improve the flow capacity of the thick oil. At present, heavy oil recovery modes mainly comprise steam stimulation, steam flooding, in-situ combustion and the like, but the methods cannot be successfully applied all the time due to different stratum conditions of actual oil reservoirs, and the most common failure reasons comprise overhigh heat loss of an injection well and the reservoir, low injection capacity of the reservoir, asphalt precipitation, steam loss, greenhouse gas emission and the like. In order to increase the recovery of heavy oil, an alternative to steam flooding, which involves electromagnetic heating, is sought. Electromagnetic heating is a rapid, efficient and environment-friendly heating mode, and has been researched and applied to exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources such as thickened oil, oil sand, oil shale, coal bed gas and the like.
Electromagnetic waves, particularly high frequency electromagnetic waves, are high in frequency and short in wavelength, and have a limited transmission distance in the formation. Under the stratum condition, when an antenna is installed underground to emit electromagnetic waves for heating a thick oil stratum in a radiation mode, in an electromagnetic penetration area (near-wellbore area), although the temperature near a wellbore can be rapidly increased, due to the fact that the thermal conductivity coefficient of stratum rock is low, the efficiency of the electromagnetic penetration area for transferring heat to a far end is low, if the thick oil stratum is continuously heated by electromagnetic wave radiation for a long time, too high temperature can be generated in the electromagnetic penetration area around an electromagnetic heating well, once the area with the too high temperature is formed, the viscosity of thick oil is reduced along with the increase of the temperature at first, but if the temperature exceeds 500 ℃, the thick oil can be cracked to generate small molecule gas, and the yield of the thick oil is reduced. Meanwhile, if the temperature of the overheating area is continuously increased, the temperature-resistant material of the shaft is damaged, and potential safety hazards are caused.
Therefore, how to improve the recovery efficiency of thick oil by using electromagnetic heating, and simultaneously ensure the production efficiency and the production safety is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery efficiency of heavy oil, based on the characteristic that electromagnetic heating power is easy to control and adjust, performing electromagnetic heating adjustment, placing an antenna for emitting electromagnetic radiation in a production string, installing a temperature sensor near the wellbore, collecting temperature near the wellbore in real time, when the temperature near the wellbore rises to a set critical temperature, reducing the emission power of the antenna in a gradient manner, and then increasing the temperature near the wellbore, after performing continuous radiation heating with the current power, continuing to reduce the power of the antenna in a gradient manner if the temperature near the wellbore rises to the critical temperature again, so as to continuously perform power stepwise reduction adjustment until the power is reduced to about 100W, opening the production well, allowing heavy oil to spontaneously flow to the production well due to a formation pressure difference, and then performing electromagnetic radiation heating with low power by the antenna, the electromagnetic heating method of the invention avoids the problems of reducing the yield of the thickened oil and influencing the quality of shaft materials due to overhigh heating temperature, ensures the heating temperature for keeping the fluidity of the thickened oil, and improves the recovery efficiency and the engineering safety of the thickened oil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery ratio of thickened oil comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: lowering the antenna to a heavy oil reservoir area through a production pipe column of the vertical well; simultaneously, a temperature sensor is arranged to monitor the temperature of the near wellbore;
step 2: starting the antenna to perform electromagnetic radiation heating on the heavy oil reservoir, setting the initial power to be P1, and acquiring the temperature by the temperature sensor under the condition of continuous electromagnetic radiation to obtain the highest temperature of the near wellbore;
and step 3: judging whether the power radiated by the antenna is greater than the set minimum power, and if so, entering a step 4; otherwise, entering the step 6;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the acquired highest temperature of the near wellbore is equal to a set critical temperature or not;
and 5: if the maximum temperature is equal to the set critical temperature, reducing the power of the antenna according to the set power regulating step length, performing the electromagnetic radiation on the heavy oil reservoir, and returning to the step 3; otherwise, continuing the electromagnetic radiation, and returning to the step 4;
step 6: and opening the production well, and spontaneously flowing the thickened oil to the production well due to the formation pressure difference.
Preferably, the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic radiation realizes electromagnetic radiation heating through ionic conduction and an even polarization electromagnetic heat generation mechanism.
Preferably, the antenna, temperature sensor and instrument truck carry out the communication through the cable can control in the control room of instrument truck the antenna is opened, temperature display in the instrument truck can show the temperature that temperature sensor gathered.
Preferably, the initial power value range is 800W-1200W; the critical temperature is less than 500 ℃; the value range of the power adjustment step is 50W-100W.
Preferably, the minimum power is 100W.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery ratio of the thickened oil is disclosed, and by means of the characteristic that the power of electromagnetic waves is easy to control and adjust, the heating mode is continuously radiated by stepped reduction power, so that the overheating area near a well casing is avoided, meanwhile, the temperature of a thickened oil reservoir can be improved by higher heating efficiency, the viscosity of the thickened oil can be quickly reduced in a short time, and the thickened oil can be used for subsequent production and recovery. The electromagnetic heating method solves the temperature resistance problem of the near-wellbore material, and simultaneously, the heating efficiency is higher than that of intermittent electromagnetic heating.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an electromagnetic heating method provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device for increasing the recovery ratio of thick oil by electromagnetic heating provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery ratio of thickened oil, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1: an antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves is lowered to a target heavy oil reservoir area through a production pipe column of a vertical well, and the electromagnetic waves heat the heavy oil through electromagnetic heat generation mechanisms such as ion conduction and dipole polarization; meanwhile, a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature near the well bore is arranged near the antenna; the wellhead is provided with an instrument vehicle for monitoring the underground temperature and controlling the on-off and power of electromagnetic waves;
s2: starting equipment in a control room of an instrument vehicle, carrying out electromagnetic radiation on the heavy oil reservoir, setting the initial power to be P1, finding out through a temperature display that the temperature of the near wellbore continuously rises under continuous electromagnetic radiation until the maximum temperature T of the near wellbore is n1 days latermaxNamely, the temperature is up to 500 ℃;
s3: at n1 days, the power of the antenna is adjusted in a stepped mode through the control chamber, the power of the antenna is reduced by about 50-100W at one time, radiation is carried out on the heavy oil reservoir at the power of P2, the temperature of the near wellbore is monitored to be reduced firstly and then increased, and after the radiation is continued for n2 days, the maximum temperature of the near wellbore reaches 500 ℃ again; at the moment, the power is reduced by about 50-100W again, the stratum is continuously radiated with P3 power, and the like;
s4: under the power-reducing electromagnetic heating mode, the temperature of the heavy oil reservoir is continuously increased, the viscosity of the heavy oil is reduced, the heavy oil reservoir has good fluidity, when the power is reduced to about 100W, the production well is opened, the heavy oil spontaneously flows to the production well due to the formation pressure difference, at the moment, the electromagnetic heating well is not closed, and the heavy oil reservoir is continuously heated at the current low power.
Examples
A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic heating enhanced heavy oil recovery device is shown in fig. 2. No. 2-5 vertical wells are heating wells, and No. 1 vertical well is a production well. An electromagnetic transmitting antenna is installed at the bottom of the heating well and used for radiating the heavy oil reservoir, and an underground temperature sensor is installed and used for monitoring the temperature near the well cylinder.
Table for the records of heating is shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1: an antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves is lowered to a target heavy oil reservoir area through a production pipe column of a vertical well, and the electromagnetic waves heat the heavy oil through electromagnetic heat generation mechanisms such as ion conduction and dipole polarization; meanwhile, a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature near the well bore is arranged near the antenna; the wellhead is provided with an instrument vehicle for observing the underground temperature and controlling the switch and the power of an antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves;
s2: starting equipment in a control room of an instrument vehicle, performing electromagnetic radiation on a heavy oil reservoir, and setting the initial power to be P1 (generally 800-; the temperature display shows that the temperature of the near-wellbore continuously rises under the continuous electromagnetic radiation of the electromagnetism until the highest temperature T of the near-wellbore after n1 daysmaxThat is, the temperature is 500 ℃ and the maximum temperature T is setmaxIs 450 ℃;
s3: at n1 days, the power of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna is adjusted through the control room according to a power adjusting step length, the power adjusting step length is equal to 50W, therefore, the power of the antenna is reduced by 50W from the initial power P1 to obtain P2 power, the power P2 is 750W, and the electromagnetic radiation is carried out on the heavy oil reservoir at the power P2; at the moment, the near-wellbore temperature is observed to be firstly reduced and then increased, and after continuous irradiation for n2 days, the maximum temperature of the near-wellbore reaches 450 ℃ again; at the moment, the power of the antenna is reduced by 50W again to obtain P3 power, P3 is 700W, the stratum is continuously radiated with P3 power, and the like;
s4: under the stepped power reduction type electromagnetic heating mode, the temperature of the heavy oil reservoir is continuously increased, the viscosity of the heavy oil is reduced, and the heavy oil reservoir has good fluidity; when the power is reduced to about 100W, the production well is opened, and the thickened oil spontaneously flows to the production well due to the formation pressure difference; at the moment, the electromagnetic heating well is not closed, the antenna still keeps the power of 100W to continuously heat the heavy oil reservoir, and the temperature of the near-wellbore area and the temperature of the far end of the reservoir are greatly improved under electromagnetic radiation, so that the mobility of the heavy oil is very good, the yield of the heavy oil is increased, and the recovery ratio of the heavy oil is improved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. An electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery ratio of thickened oil is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: lowering the antenna to a heavy oil reservoir area through a production pipe column of the vertical well; simultaneously, a temperature sensor is arranged to monitor the temperature of the near wellbore;
step 2: starting the antenna to perform electromagnetic radiation heating on the heavy oil reservoir, setting the initial power to be P1, and acquiring the temperature by the temperature sensor under the condition of continuous electromagnetic radiation to obtain the highest temperature of the near wellbore;
and step 3: judging whether the power radiated by the antenna is greater than the set minimum power, and if so, entering a step 4; otherwise, entering the step 6;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the acquired highest temperature of the near wellbore is equal to a set critical temperature or not;
and 5: if the maximum temperature is equal to the set critical temperature, reducing the power of the antenna according to the set power regulating step length, performing the electromagnetic radiation on the heavy oil reservoir, and returning to the step 3; otherwise, continuing the electromagnetic radiation, and returning to the step 4;
step 6: and opening the production well, and spontaneously flowing the thickened oil to the production well due to the formation pressure difference.
2. The electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery efficiency of heavy oil according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic radiation realizes the electromagnetic radiation heating through ionic conduction and an electromagnetic heat generation mechanism of even polarization.
3. The electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery efficiency of heavy oil according to claim 1, wherein the antenna and the temperature sensor are in communication with an instrument car through a cable, the antenna can be controlled to be turned on in a control room of the instrument car, and a temperature display in the instrument car can display the temperature collected by the temperature sensor.
4. The electromagnetic heating method for improving the recovery efficiency of thickened oil according to claim 1, wherein the initial power is in the range of 800W-1200W; the critical temperature is less than 500 ℃; the value range of the power adjustment step is 50W-100W.
5. The electromagnetic heating method for enhanced heavy oil recovery of claim 1, wherein the minimum power is 100W.
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