CN105277425A - Thickened oil cracking and viscosity-reducing method based on nano-catalysis and microwave heating - Google Patents

Thickened oil cracking and viscosity-reducing method based on nano-catalysis and microwave heating Download PDF

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CN105277425A
CN105277425A CN201410267065.2A CN201410267065A CN105277425A CN 105277425 A CN105277425 A CN 105277425A CN 201410267065 A CN201410267065 A CN 201410267065A CN 105277425 A CN105277425 A CN 105277425A
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viscous crude
viscosity
oil
cracking
nano
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李克文
侯玢池
王磊
崔屹
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China University of Geosciences
China University of Geosciences Beijing
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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Abstract

The invention relates to a new method for efficient cracking and viscosity reduction of thickened oil. according to the method, a nano-catalyst, a hydrogen donor, thickened oil and a microwave heating system, etc. are mainly included, and problems of long time, high temperature, environmental pollution and the like in a conventional viscosity-reducing method can be solved. The method belongs to the field of oil recovery enhancement. The technical key point is as follows: a few nano-particles with high dielectric constant are added into the thickened oil; under the action of microwave, the nano-particles are a high-temperature carrier and a catalyst; and by breaking matrix branches such as C-S bond in thickened oil molecules, the efficient cracking and viscosity-reducing effect is achieved. It shows through researches that by the adoption of a carbon nano-catalyst (particle size being 21nm) in combination of microwave heating, viscosity of thickened oil can be greatly reduced (viscosity reduction rate being 96%), lightweight components are remarkably increased, heavyweight components are reduced, fluidity of crude oil after cracking is effectively maintained, and efficient cracking and viscosity reduction of thickened oil under conditions of low temperature and short time is finally realized. The method of the invention is economic and environmentally friendly, is simple to operate and has a considerable oilfield site application prospect.

Description

A kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating
Technical field
The present invention relates to the new method of viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction, mainly comprise nanocatalyst, hydrogen supply agent, viscous crude and microwave heating system etc., have that viscosity reducing effect is good, the reaction time is short, the temperature required feature such as low, cost-saving, reach the effect of Efficient Development viscous crude, belong to petroleum production engineering and improve recovery ratio field.
Background technology
Viscous crude refers under reservoir temperature degassed, and viscosity of crude is greater than 100mPas, and relative density is greater than the crude oil that 0.92, API severe is less than 20, is also called heavy oil, belongs to non-conventional oil resource.China's viscous crude resource is very abundant, and land viscous crude, pitch resource account for more than 20% of petroleum resources total amount, prognostic resources 198 × 10 8ton, the geological resources wherein finally can verified is 79.5 × 10 8ton.By 2007, verify viscous crude geologic reserve 20.6 × 10 8ton, has employed geologic reserve 13.59 × 10 8ton, residue does not employ geologic reserve 7.01 × 10 8ton.Most domestic petroliferous basin is all that viscous crude and routine oil co-exist.At present, more than 70 viscous crude field has been found in 12 basins.Wherein, most of heavy crude reservoir buried depth, within 1000m, belongs to shallow layer thick oil; Part oil field buried depth, more than 5000m, belongs to deep-layer heavy crude.Along with the minimizing of lightweight oil workable reserve and improving constantly of oil exploitation technology, the proportion shared by heavy crude producing will constantly increase.The exploitation of viscous crude in recent decades achieves huge progress, but still there is many technological challenges.The difficulty that thickened oil recovery faces is mainly from two aspects: one is that crude oil is too large at the filtrational resistance of oil reservoir, cannot flow into shaft bottom from oil reservoir; Even if two is the successful extraction of crude oil energy, because temperature is lower, surface gathering and transferring viscosity of crude is comparatively large, needs to take economic measure to reduce viscosity of crude.
At present, conventional both at home and abroad viscosity reduction method mainly contains physics viscosity reduction and chemical viscosity reduction.Physics viscosity reduction comprises: mix rare viscosity reduction, heating, viscosity reducing, microwave viscosity reduction and ultrasonic thinning.Mixing rare viscosity reduction is by adding thin oil to reduce thick oil viscosity and density in viscous crude, increasing its mobility.Mix rare viscosity reduction and have more application, but mix rare viscosity reduction and face serious thin oil scarcity of resources problem.Heating, viscosity reducing mainly comprises steam stimulation, steam flood and a series ofly improving one's methods of developing thus, and these class methods improve viscous crude mobility by heating up, and application is more extensive at present.But along with the reduction of temperature, thick oil viscosity usually rebounds again, can not fundamentally solve viscosity reduction problem, these technological measures are generally faced with the high severe challenge of sand production in oil, has channeling and cost for oil production simultaneously.Chemical viscosity reduction in crude oil, adds certain medicament reached the method reducing viscosity of crude by the effect of medicament.Conventional chemical viscosity reduction method comprises: surfactant viscosity reduction, add alkali viscosity reduction, oil-soluble viscosity reducer viscosity reduction, low-temperature oxidation viscosity reduction, hydrothermal cracking viscosity reduction, microbial degradation and the upgrading viscosity reduction that is means with viscosity breaking, delayed coking, catalytic pyrolysis etc.Chemical agent viscosity reducing effect is relatively more remarkable, but differs greatly to different oil fields, and range of application is little.Also there is some other problem, as water-soluble viscosity reduction technique makes that well water rises, produce oil declines, oil-soluble viscosity reduction process costs is high, environmental pollution etc. simultaneously.Catalytic pyrolysis viscosity reduction also had more research in recent years and had greater advance, and subject matter needs high temperature, longer reaction time and viscosity recovery.
The present invention is directed to existing viscosity reduction technology Problems existing, developing one utilizes microwave heating to carry out efficient thick-oil nano-catalytic cracking viscosity reducing process, physics viscosity reducing process and chemical viscosity reduction methods combining get up by the method, for Efficient Development viscous crude provides technical support, there is considerable Oil Field application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: for the shortcoming of existing catalytic pyrolysis viscosity reduction technology, introducing microwave heating technique and nanocatalyst carry out viscous crude cracking and catalyzing viscosity reduction, reach under comparatively cryogenic conditions and in the short period, significantly reduce viscosity of thickened oil, and the mobility of crude oil after effectively keeping cracking.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: in viscous crude, add a small amount of carbon nano-particle, under microwave action, these nano particles are higher temperature carrier and catalyzer, by interrupting the assorted base side chain in viscous crude molecule as C-S key, finally realize the efficient cracking viscosity reduction of viscous crude.
Concrete implementation step is as follows: use the less carbon nano-particle of particle diameter as catalyzer; Oil sample, nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent (naphthane) are carried out mixed configuration according to a certain percentage, and wherein oil sample volume is 20-30mL, and catalyst concn is 0.5wt%, and hydrogen supply agent concentration is 1wt%; Microwave heating is carried out to the complete oil sample of configuration, adopts gradient heating, heat 2 minutes, suspend 4 minutes, so circulation 10 times, accumulative heating 20 minutes; Carry out Real-Time Monitoring (see accompanying drawing 1) by thermopair and data acquisition software to oil sample temperature in whole process, maximum temperature is no more than 150 DEG C (see accompanying drawings 2); Analysis and determination is carried out to the change of the mobility of oil sample before and after cracking, viscosity and Group Component; Result shows: the carbon nanocatalyst (particle diameter 21nm) that the present invention adopts, under microwave action, reducing thick oil viscosity rate can be made to reach 96% (see accompanying drawing 3), light components (stable hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon) increases about 11%, heavy component (colloid and bituminous matter) reduces about 5% (see table 1), effective mobility can keep 20 days (see accompanying drawing 4), finally realizes the efficient cracking viscosity reduction of viscous crude under lower temperature and short period condition.The economic environmental protection of the present invention, simple to operate, there is considerable Oil Field application prospect.
Oil sample Group Component contrast (with the COMPARATIVE CATALYST of other three kinds of particle diameters) before and after table 1 cracking
Principle of work of the present invention is: other prior heat treatment methods relatively, utilize microwave to have: energy is directly transmitted to the material absorbing microwave by (1); (2) energy utilization efficiency is high; (3) the fast and homogeneous heating of firing rate; (4) feature such as penetration capacity is strong.The ability that viscous crude absorbs microwave is more weak, is therefore necessary that adding some absorbs the stronger material of microwave ability, just reaches the temperature needed for cracking viscosity reduction by microwave heating.The specific inductive capacity of carbon is higher, has the ability of good microwave energy absorbing, therefore adopts carbon nano-particle as the catalyzer of viscous crude cracking.
High sticky its inner large molecule carbon chain structure existed that has its source in of viscous crude, as bituminous matter and colloid.Therefore, large molecule is interrupted to become Small molecular very necessary for reducing thick oil viscosity.In the chemical composition of viscous crude, the chemical bond energys such as C-C key, c h bond are comparatively large, and thermal stability is higher, and be difficult to fracture, in order to realize viscous crude cracking, key is to interrupt the so assorted base side chain of such as C-S key (bond energy is minimum).The particle of traditional catalyst is relatively large, and the interactional difficulty such as itself and C-S key is larger.
The surface of contact of the nanocatalyst that particle is less and viscous crude molecule is comparatively large, and after therefore adding, under microwave action, the temperature of oil sample rises sooner, higher.As shown in Figure 2, in cracking process, add catalyst A of the present invention (particle diameter 21nm) in oil sample 1, it heats up the soonest and the highest (142 DEG C), and therefore catalyst particle size is less, and in cracking process, the temperature of oil sample is higher.It is pointed out that Temperature-time is not linear.
Size due to catalyst granules belongs to relatively little nanoscale, therefore the quantity of unit volume catalyst particles is larger, simultaneously to act on the possibility of C-S key larger for particle, the ability that final catalyzer interrupts C-S key is stronger, thus realizing viscous crude cracking viscosity reduction, accompanying drawing 5 asked for an interview by nano-catalytic viscous crude molecular cleavage schematic diagram.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) viscosity reducing effect is good, microwave viscosity reduction and catalytic pyrolysis viscosity reduction combine with technique get up by this technology, nanocatalyst is introduced according to characteristics of microwave heating, when the overall heating-up temperature of viscous crude is not high, there is a large amount of high temperature dot, reach the effect of quick viscosity reduction; (2) capacity usage ratio is high, and because microwave heating is body heating, capacity usage ratio is better than conventional heating mode; (3) pollute little, owing to only adding a small amount of nanocatalyst, so this technology has the feature little to reservoir crude oil pollution relative to traditional chemical viscosity reduction technology; (4) cost is low, and relative to mixing rare viscosity reduction and chemical agent viscosity reduction technology, this technical costs is much lower; (5) the method has the advantages such as reducing thick oil viscosity required time short (the fastest less than a hour), cracking viscosity reduction temperature required low (minimum can at about 150 DEG C), and the quick bounce-back of viscosity of crude after effectively preventing cracking.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is microwave heating viscous crude cracker schematic diagram;
As shown in the figure: 1-micro-wave oven (rated frequency 2450MHz, output power is 800W); 2-microwave energy; 3-reaction tube; 4-thermopair; 5-temperature data acquisition;
Accompanying drawing 2 is temperature change curve in time in viscous crude cracking process;
As shown in the figure: what add in oil sample 1 is carbon nanocatalyst (21nm) of the present invention, is outstanding effect, particle diameter is selected to be respectively the carbon granule catalyzer group as a comparison of 80nm, 6 μm and 40 μm;
Accompanying drawing 3 is viscosity break ratio histogram;
As shown in the figure: catalyst A is carbon nanocatalyst (21nm) of the present invention, is outstanding viscosity reducing effect, selects catalyst B-D group as a comparison, its particle diameter be respectively 80nm, 6 μm and 40 μm;
Accompanying drawing 4 is crude oil fluidity variation diagram before and after cracking;
Accompanying drawing 5 is nano-catalytic viscous crude molecular cleavage schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 6 is for the cracking of microwave heating viscous crude is at Oil Field application schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1 (using carbon nanocatalyst of the present invention): first select the super-viscous oil in certain oil field domestic as target oil sample, its original viscosity be 57800mPas (30 DEG C, 10s -1); Particle diameter is selected to be that the carbon nano-particle of 21nm is as catalyzer; Oil sample, nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent (naphthane) are carried out mixed configuration according to certain ratio, and wherein oil sample volume is 20mL, and catalyst concn is 0.5wt%, and hydrogen supply agent concentration is 1wt%; Microwave heating is carried out to the complete oil sample of configuration, adopts gradient heating, heat 2 minutes, suspend 4 minutes, so circulation 10 times, accumulative heating 20 minutes; As shown in Figure 1, by thermopair and Libview software, Real-time Collection is carried out to oil sample temperature in heating process; The change of the mobility of oil sample before and after cracking, viscosity and Group Component is measured.
Embodiment 2 (using the larger catalyzer of particle diameter to contrast): as described in Example 1, unlike catalyzer being changed into the carbon nano-particle that particle diameter is 80nm.
Embodiment 3 (using the larger catalyzer of particle diameter to contrast): as described in Example 1, unlike catalyzer being changed into the carbon nano-particle that particle diameter is 6 μm.;
Embodiment 4 (using the larger catalyzer of particle diameter to contrast): as described in Example 1, unlike catalyzer being changed into the carbon nano-particle that particle diameter is 40 μm.
To measurement result (temperature, viscosity break ratio, lightweight/heavy component change, mobility etc.) comprehensively analyze, determine for the best nanocatalyst of reducing thick oil viscosity effect, the i.e. carbon nanocatalyst (particle diameter 21nm) of the present invention's employing, its viscosity break ratio for viscous crude sample reaches 96% (see accompanying drawing 3), light components increase about 11%, heavy component reduces about 5% (see table 1), effective mobility can keep 20 days (see accompanying drawing 4), studied by contrast experiment, can reach a conclusion: the particle diameter of catalyzer directly affects the cracking viscosity reducing effect of viscous crude, particle diameter is less, viscosity break ratio is higher.
Embodiment 5: Oil Field application aspect, as shown in Figure 6, certain density nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent is added in acid fracturing (preposition) liquid or other entry well fluids, after pumping into reservoir, produce heat energy by the microwave applicator in heated well and carry out continuous heating to viscous crude, the viscous crude after cracking viscosity reduction just enters oil-gas separator by producing well and obtains commercial oil, and whole process operation is simple, energy-conserving and environment-protective, have important practical value for oil field.
As mentioned above, just the present invention can well be implemented.The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention with preferred embodiment statement as above, but not to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when above-mentioned technology contents can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating, mainly comprise nanocatalyst, hydrogen supply agent, viscous crude and microwave heating system etc., by microwave heating, the nano-catalyst particles in viscous crude produces high temperature after absorbing microwave thus realizes the efficient cracking viscosity reduction of viscous crude.It is characterized in that: use that particle diameter is very little, nano particle that specific inductive capacity is higher as new catalyst, as the carbon nano-particle adopted in the present invention.Viscous crude, nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent (naphthane) three are carried out mixed configuration according to a certain percentage, microwave heating is carried out to the complete mixing oil sample of configuration, in whole heating process, Real-Time Monitoring is carried out to the temperature of oil sample.Analysis and determination is carried out to the change of the mobility of oil sample before and after cracking, viscosity and Group Component.Result shows: adopt nanocatalyst, in conjunction with microwave heating, viscosity of thickened oil can be made to decline to a great extent; Light components (stable hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon) significantly increases, and heavy component (colloid and bituminous matter) reduces; The mobility of viscous crude after cracking effectively can be kept compared to other conventional viscosity reducing process.The carbon nanocatalyst that the present invention adopts, its viscosity break ratio for viscous crude reaches 96%; Light components increase about 11%, heavy component reduces about 5%; Effective mobility can keep 20 days, finally realizes the efficient cracking viscosity reduction of viscous crude under lower temperature and short period condition.The economic environmental protection of the present invention, simple to operate, Oil Field can be extended to and use.
2. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nanocatalyst, its particle diameter is less than 100nm usually, and what the present invention adopted is carbon nanocatalyst, and its particle diameter is 21nm.
3. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described carries out mixed configuration according to a certain percentage by viscous crude, nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent (naphthane) three, specifically refer to and get viscous crude about 20 ~ 30mL, catalyst concn 0.5wt%, hydrogen supply agent concentration 1wt%.
4. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described carries out microwave heating to the complete mixing oil sample of configuration, type of heating is gradient heating, the present invention adopts heating 2 minutes, suspend the mode of 4 minutes, circulation like this 10 times, accumulative heating 20 minutes.
5. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described heating process, Real-Time Monitoring is carried out to oil sample temperature, specifically referring to one end of thermopair to be close to is equipped with on the test tube wall of oil sample, the other end is connected with computer, utilizes software to carry out real-time data acquisition.
6. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described under comparatively cryogenic conditions and in the short period, realize the efficient cracking viscosity reduction of viscous crude, specifically to refer in whole cracking process that oil sample temperature is the highest and be no more than 150 DEG C, cracking required time is the shortest is 1 hour.
7. a kind of viscous crude cracking viscosity reducing process based on nano-catalytic and microwave heating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the economic environmental protection of described the present invention, simple to operate, Oil Field can be extended to widely use, be embodied in: the water-soluble viscosity reduction catalyzer that nowadays Oil Field is conventional can cause well water rising, produce oil declines; Oil-soluble viscosity reduction catalyzer cost is higher and can pollute reservoir environment.Carbon nanocatalyst cost of the present invention is lower, and relative to other chemical agent viscosity reducing process, can not cause environmental pollution.Oil Field application aspect, main thought adds certain density nanocatalyst and hydrogen supply agent in acid fracturing (preposition) liquid or other entry well fluids, after pumping into reservoir, heat energy is produced by the microwave applicator in heated well, viscous crude after cracking viscosity reduction just enters oil-gas separator by producing well and obtains commercial oil, whole process operation is simple, and energy-conserving and environment-protective, have important practical value for oil field.
CN201410267065.2A 2014-06-12 2014-06-12 Thickened oil cracking and viscosity-reducing method based on nano-catalysis and microwave heating Pending CN105277425A (en)

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CN111594118A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-08-28 西南石油大学 Electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil
CN113680300A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-23 西南石油大学 Viscous oil falls and glues device
CN114542029A (en) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-27 南开大学 Nano-assisted biological hydrogenation thickened oil production increasing method
CN114718532A (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-07-08 西南石油大学 Method for exploiting deep thick oil by catalyzing and heating to assist thick oil in-situ modification
CN115012882A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-06 吉林大学 Method for intermittently and auxiliarily exploiting natural gas hydrate through microwave heating
CN115405266A (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-11-29 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Oil extraction method for underground modification and viscosity reduction of thickened oil through activation of liquid-electric shock waves
CN115949381A (en) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by injecting air in cooperation with microwaves
CN115949381B (en) * 2023-02-01 2024-06-04 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by air injection and microwave cooperation

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111594118A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-08-28 西南石油大学 Electromagnetic heating method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil
CN115405266A (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-11-29 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Oil extraction method for underground modification and viscosity reduction of thickened oil through activation of liquid-electric shock waves
CN113680300A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-23 西南石油大学 Viscous oil falls and glues device
CN114542029A (en) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-27 南开大学 Nano-assisted biological hydrogenation thickened oil production increasing method
CN114718532A (en) * 2022-03-10 2022-07-08 西南石油大学 Method for exploiting deep thick oil by catalyzing and heating to assist thick oil in-situ modification
CN114718532B (en) * 2022-03-10 2023-04-25 西南石油大学 Method for exploiting deep thick oil by in-situ modification of thick oil assisted by catalytic heating
CN115012882A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-06 吉林大学 Method for intermittently and auxiliarily exploiting natural gas hydrate through microwave heating
CN115949381A (en) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by injecting air in cooperation with microwaves
CN115949381B (en) * 2023-02-01 2024-06-04 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by air injection and microwave cooperation

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