CN111592235A - Multi-dimensional WO3Preparation method of composite electrochromic film - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional WO3Preparation method of composite electrochromic film Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
- C01G41/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/16—Nanowires or nanorods, i.e. solid nanofibres with two nearly equal dimensions between 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
- C01P2004/24—Nanoplates, i.e. plate-like particles with a thickness from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/219—CrOx, MoOx, WOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/111—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by dipping, immersion
Abstract
Multi-dimensional WO3A preparation method of a composite electrochromic film. The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a mixed solution by adopting potassium oxalate and sodium tungstate, regulating and controlling the pH value of the solution by adding dilute hydrochloric acid, and preparing one-dimensional WO3The nanorod precursor reaction solution is subjected to hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment to obtain one-dimensional WO3A nanorod film; then preparing two-dimensional WO by adopting sodium tungstate, dilute hydrochloric acid and ammonium oxalate3One-dimensional WO is prepared by using nanosheet precursor reaction solution and then by using hydrothermal reaction and thermal treatment3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets. WO prepared by the Process of the invention3The composite electrochromic film has good electrochromic performance and a preparation methodThe method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, energy conservation, environmental protection and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochromic film material preparation, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional WO3A preparation method of a composite electrochromic film.
Background
Technological advances have led to unprecedented advances in the ability of mankind to transform and utilize nature, with tremendous advances in productivity, accompanied by rapid human resource utilization and energy consumption rates. The electrochromic glass utilizes an external electric field to change the color of the material, so that the active dynamic control of visible light is achieved, partial dynamic adjustment of the transmittance of solar radiation energy is realized, and the electrochromic glass is energy-saving intelligent glass which is most hopeful to realize large-scale commercial production at present. The electrochromic material has the advantages of low driving voltage, bistable state, high contrast, low cost, no visual blind angle, wide working temperature range and the like, so the electrochromic material has wide application potential in many fields. Electrochromic devices have been extensively studied since 1980, and Granqvist et al proposed the concept of Smart Window; in 1999, Stadt Sparkasse savings bank, dereston, germany, used an electrochromic glass outer wall for the first time; in 2004, the glass curtain wall of the switzerland reinsurance building in london, england used electrochromic technology; in 2008, the cabin window glass of the passenger plane dream of Boeing 787 eliminates a mechanical porthole sun shield and adopts electrochromic glass. Electrochromic technology is also becoming more mature and beginning to be widely used.
The electrochromic glass system mainly comprises a power supply, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer. The electrochromic layer is the most important core function part in the whole electrochromic glass device, and the performance of the electrochromic layer directly influences the performance of the electrochromic glass device. The basic requirements of the electrochromic material are that the material has high light transmittance in a fading state, has good absorption or reflection characteristics in a coloring state, i.e. has high light modulation amplitude, and in addition, has good cycle stability, high color change efficiency and high electrochromic response speed. The electrochromic material mainly comprises an inorganic electrochromic materialMaterials (transition metal oxides and prussian blue) and organic electrochromic materials. Inorganic electrochromic materials can be further classified into reduced-state colored electrochromic materials (e.g., oxides of W, Mo, V, Nb, and Ti) and oxidized-state colored electrochromic materials (e.g., oxides of Ir, Rh, Ni, and Co). Some materials (e.g., V, Co and Rh oxides) may exhibit different colors in both the oxidized and reduced states. Prussian blue is also an inorganic electrochromic material with various color-changing characteristics, and can be converted between dark blue, transparent colorless (reduction state) and light green (oxidation state). Organic electrochromic materials include redox compounds (e.g., viologen), conductive polymers (e.g., polyaniline polythiophene), and metal organic chelates (e.g., phthalocyanine). Among them, tungsten oxide (WO)3) The material has attracted extensive attention because of its advantages of high coloring efficiency, good reversibility and wide visible light adjusting range, and is the most potential electrochromic material. In recent years, for WO3The research mainly focuses on the aspects of doping modification, micro-morphology regulation and the like of the material, and the research progress is well achieved. But still face a series of problems of low coloring efficiency, slow response time, low cycle life and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a multidimensional WO3Preparation method of composite electrochromic film by using one-dimensional WO3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3The respective advantages of the nano sheets are utilized to synthesize WO with a composite structure3An electrochromic film.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
1) dissolving potassium oxalate in deionized water to obtain potassium oxalate solution, dissolving sodium tungstate in the potassium oxalate solution, and dropwise adding dilute hydrochloric acid while stirring to adjust the pH value of the solution to acidity, thereby preparing one-dimensional WO3Reaction liquid of a nanorod precursor;
2) clean FTO conductive glass (the FTO conductive glass is SnO doped with fluorine)2Transparent conductive glass) is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, andadding the above one-dimensional WO3Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the nanorod precursor reaction solution, and carrying out heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after the reaction, thereby forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3A nanorod film;
3) dissolving sodium tungstate in deionized water to prepare sodium tungstate solution, then dropwise adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the sodium tungstate solution while stirring to form turbid solution, then adding ammonium oxalate into the turbid solution, stirring to clarify, and preparing into two-dimensional WO3Nanosheet precursor reaction liquid;
4) forming the surface with one-dimensional WO3FTO conductive glass of the nanorod film is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, and the two-dimensional WO is added3Performing hydrothermal reaction on the nanosheet precursor reaction solution, performing heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after the reaction, and finally forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets.
In the step 1), the concentrations of the potassium oxalate and the sodium tungstate are respectively 0.010-0.014M and 0.080-0.084M, and one-dimensional WO3The pH value of the nanorod precursor reaction liquid is 0.98-1.02.
In the step 2), the temperature and the time of the hydrothermal reaction are respectively 175-185 ℃ and 22-26 h, and the heat treatment temperature is 500-550 ℃.
In the step 3), the concentrations of the sodium tungstate and the ammonium oxalate are 0.022-0.024M and 0.035-0.045M respectively.
In the step 4), the temperature and the time of the hydrothermal reaction are respectively 115-125 ℃ and 11-13 h, and the heat treatment temperature is 350-400 ℃.
The invention provides a multi-dimensional WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film has the following beneficial effects: incorporating one-dimensional WO3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3The respective advantages of the nano-sheets are utilized, the faster electron transport, the high specific surface area, the porous channel and the provision of more active sites for the reaction are utilized, so that WO is enabled to be obtained3The composite electrochromic film has extremely fast electrochromic response and high coloring efficiency, and the coloring time and the fading time are respectively 4.5sAnd 3.7s, coloring efficiency of 63.1cm2·C-1. In addition, the preparation method is simple to operate and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a multi-dimensional WO provided by the present invention3Scanning electron microscopy of the composite electrochromic film.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the example provides a multidimensional WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
1) dissolving potassium oxalate in deionized water to obtain 0.010M potassium oxalate solution, dissolving 0.080M sodium tungstate in the potassium oxalate solution, adding 2M dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise under stirring to adjust the pH value of the solution to 1, and preparing into one-dimensional WO3Reaction liquid of a nanorod precursor;
2) putting clean FTO conductive glass into a hydrothermal kettle inner container, and adding a proper amount of the one-dimensional WO3Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the nanorod precursor reaction solution at 175 ℃ for 26h, and carrying out heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 550 ℃, thereby forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3A nanorod film;
3) dissolving sodium tungstate in deionized water to prepare 0.022M sodium tungstate solution, then dropwise adding 3M dilute hydrochloric acid into the sodium tungstate solution while stirring to form turbid solution, then adding 0.035M ammonium oxalate into the turbid solution, stirring to be clear, and preparing the two-dimensional WO3Nanosheet precursor reaction liquid;
4) forming the surface with one-dimensional WO3FTO conductive glass of the nanorod film is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, and the two-dimensional WO is added3Performing hydrothermal reaction on the nanosheet precursor reaction solution at 115 ℃ for 13h, performing thermal treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 400 ℃, and finally forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets.
Example two:
the example provides a multidimensional WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
1) one-dimensional WO was prepared by dissolving potassium oxalate in deionized water to give a 0.014M potassium oxalate solution, dissolving 0.084M sodium tungstate in the potassium oxalate solution, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 0.98 by dropwise adding 2M dilute hydrochloric acid under stirring3Reaction liquid of a nanorod precursor;
2) putting clean FTO conductive glass into a hydrothermal kettle inner container, and adding a proper amount of the one-dimensional WO3Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the nanorod precursor reaction solution for 22h at 185 ℃, and carrying out heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 500 ℃, thereby forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3A nanorod film;
3) dissolving sodium tungstate in deionized water to obtain 0.024M sodium tungstate solution, adding 3M dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise into the sodium tungstate solution while stirring to obtain turbid solution, adding 0.045M ammonium oxalate into the turbid solution, and stirring to clarify to obtain two-dimensional WO3Nanosheet precursor reaction liquid;
4) forming the surface with one-dimensional WO3FTO conductive glass of the nanorod film is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, and the two-dimensional WO is added3Performing hydrothermal reaction on the nanosheet precursor reaction solution at 125 ℃ for 11h, performing thermal treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 350 ℃, and finally forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets.
Example three:
the example provides a multidimensional WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
1) dissolving potassium oxalate in deionized water to obtain 0.012M potassium oxalate solution, dissolving 0.082M sodium tungstate in the potassium oxalate solution, adding 2M dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise under stirring to adjust pH to 1This was formulated as one-dimensional WO3Reaction liquid of a nanorod precursor;
2) putting clean FTO conductive glass into a hydrothermal kettle inner container, and adding a proper amount of the one-dimensional WO3Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the nanorod precursor reaction solution at 185 ℃ for 24h, and carrying out heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 530 ℃, thereby forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3A nanorod film;
3) dissolving sodium tungstate in deionized water to obtain 0.023M sodium tungstate solution, then dropwise adding 3M dilute hydrochloric acid into the sodium tungstate solution while stirring to form turbid solution, adding 0.040M ammonium oxalate into the turbid solution, stirring to clarify, and preparing into two-dimensional WO3Nanosheet precursor reaction liquid;
4) forming the surface with one-dimensional WO3FTO conductive glass of the nanorod film is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, and the two-dimensional WO is added3Performing hydrothermal reaction on the nanosheet precursor reaction solution at 120 ℃ for 12h, performing thermal treatment on the FTO conductive glass after reaction at 370 ℃, and finally forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets.
To verify the effect of the present invention, the present inventors prepared the one-dimensional WO prepared in example 1 above3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3The nano-sheet compounded electrochromic film is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and a scanning electron microscope photo is shown in figure 1.
The inventors measured the time during which the electrochromic film was switched between the colored state and the discolored state by changing the applied voltage through the electrochemical workstation and the light transmittance could reach 90% of the optical contrast, and finally determined that the coloring and discoloring times of the electrochromic film prepared based on the above-described example of the present invention were 4.5s and 3.7s, respectively, and the coloring efficiency was 63.1cm2·C-1”。
Claims (5)
1. Multi-dimensional WO3The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film is characterized by comprising the following steps: said WO3Composite electroproductionThe preparation method of the color-changing film comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
1) dissolving potassium oxalate in deionized water to obtain potassium oxalate solution, dissolving sodium tungstate in the potassium oxalate solution, and dropwise adding dilute hydrochloric acid while stirring to adjust the pH value of the solution to acidity, thereby preparing one-dimensional WO3Reaction liquid of a nanorod precursor;
2) putting clean FTO conductive glass into a hydrothermal kettle inner container, and adding the one-dimensional WO3Carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the nanorod precursor reaction solution, and carrying out heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after the reaction, thereby forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3A nanorod film;
3) dissolving sodium tungstate in deionized water to prepare sodium tungstate solution, then dropwise adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the sodium tungstate solution while stirring to form turbid solution, then adding ammonium oxalate into the turbid solution, stirring to clarify, and preparing into two-dimensional WO3Nanosheet precursor reaction liquid;
4) forming the surface with one-dimensional WO3FTO conductive glass of the nanorod film is put into the inner container of the hydrothermal kettle, and the two-dimensional WO is added3Performing hydrothermal reaction on the nanosheet precursor reaction solution, performing heat treatment on the FTO conductive glass after the reaction, and finally forming one-dimensional WO on the surface of the FTO conductive glass3Nanorods and two-dimensional WO3An electrochromic film compounded by nano-sheets.
2. Multidimensional WO according to claim 13The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the concentrations of the potassium oxalate and the sodium tungstate are respectively 0.010-0.014M and 0.080-0.084M, and one-dimensional WO3The pH value of the nanorod precursor reaction liquid is 0.98-1.02.
3. Multidimensional WO according to claim 13The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), the temperature and the time of the hydrothermal reaction are respectively 175-185 ℃ and 22-26 h, and the heat treatment temperature is 500-550 ℃.
4. Multidimensional WO according to claim 13The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 3), the concentrations of the sodium tungstate and the ammonium oxalate are 0.022-0.024M and 0.035-0.045M respectively.
5. Multidimensional WO according to claim 13The preparation method of the composite electrochromic film is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 4), the temperature and the time of the hydrothermal reaction are respectively 115-125 ℃ and 11-13 h, and the heat treatment temperature is 350-400 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115043599A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-13 | 重庆第二师范学院 | Ordered nano flaky WO prepared by coating film on medium surface 3 Method for making thin film |
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| CN110095912A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-08-06 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of WO3/MoO3The preparation method of composite electrochromic film |
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2020
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| US20170371221A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2017-12-28 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
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| US20150315035A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Chi-Ping Li | Electrochromic tungsten oxide films for optical modulation and methods of making the same |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115043599A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-13 | 重庆第二师范学院 | Ordered nano flaky WO prepared by coating film on medium surface 3 Method for making thin film |
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Application publication date: 20200828 |