CN111589841B - Method for extracting carbon source in kitchen solid residue by enzyme method - Google Patents
Method for extracting carbon source in kitchen solid residue by enzyme method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111589841B CN111589841B CN202010465992.0A CN202010465992A CN111589841B CN 111589841 B CN111589841 B CN 111589841B CN 202010465992 A CN202010465992 A CN 202010465992A CN 111589841 B CN111589841 B CN 111589841B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting a carbon source in solid kitchen residue by an enzymatic method, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of kitchen waste. The method for extracting the carbon source in the kitchen solid residue by the enzyme method comprises the following steps: kitchen solid residue → water addition → gelatinization → pH adjustment → amylase addition → hydrolysis → enzyme inactivation → centrifugal separation → carbon source extracting solution/solid residue hydrolysis. According to the invention, the solid residues of the kitchen and the kitchen are extracted and recovered by an enzymolysis method, substances such as starch in the solid phase are converted into water-soluble sugars, and the extract obtained by hydrolyzing the solid residues of the kitchen and the kitchen by amylase mainly comprises oligosaccharide, reducing sugar and other small molecular sugars and can be used as a carbon source for biological denitrification in a sewage treatment plant. In addition, the solid kitchen residues are hydrolyzed by the amylase, so that the volume of the solid kitchen residues is reduced, and organic matters in the kitchen are separated and recovered, and the quantity of the kitchen waste is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting a carbon source in kitchen solid residue by an enzyme method, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen waste production amount of China is about 37% -62% of urban domestic waste, the growth rate and the proportion of the kitchen waste are increased year by year, and various harms are caused to an ecological system and the environment. The kitchen waste is subjected to sorting, crushing, high-temperature cooking and pulping, and then is separated into crude grease, thick kitchen pulp and solid kitchen residue by a three-phase separator. Wherein the kitchen solid residue contains abundant carbohydrate and basically does not contain grease and salt. On the one hand, its compositional characteristics make it highly susceptible to decay, which can have a deleterious effect on the environment. On the other hand, the kitchen solid residue contains rich organic matters, and has high resource recovery and utilization values. Under the current situation of energy and resource shortage, the recycling of the kitchen waste can effectively alleviate the problems and obtain good economic benefits.
At present, the main technologies for treating the kitchen waste comprise aerobic biodegradation, feed conversion, high-temperature composting, anaerobic digestion and biodiesel preparation. These treatment techniques have some drawbacks, among which anaerobic fermentation is considered to be the most effective treatment process at present, but also have the problems of poor system stability, difficult treatment of biogas residues and biogas slurry, generation of toxic and harmful substances, and the like. At present, rich organic matter organisms are mainly converted into biogas energy through an anaerobic digestion technology by virtue of three-phase separated kitchen solid residues, but because the protein content of the kitchen solid residues is high, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in biogas slurry after anaerobic treatment is very high, the difficulty of a biogas slurry denitrification technology is high, the treatment cost is high, and serious harm can be caused to the environment, so that the kitchen solid residues become a great problem in the kitchen waste treatment process. Therefore, a new way for treating and recycling kitchen waste is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one problem, the invention provides a new way for recycling kitchen waste, which can directly separate and recover organic matters in the kitchen and realize reduction of the kitchen waste.
The invention utilizes compound amylase to hydrolyze kitchen solid residue to obtain extracting solution, and solid residue carbon source is separated and recovered. At present, the effective removal of nitrogen is severely restricted by the shortage of available carbon sources in domestic sewage, and an additional carbon source is usually needed to improve the denitrification efficiency, but the addition of commercial carbon sources increases the running cost of sewage treatment plants. The carbon source extracting solution obtained by the invention can be used for urban sewage treatment plants as a carbon source required by biological denitrification, and the running cost of the sewage treatment plants is saved.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for extracting a carbon source in kitchen solid residue by an enzyme method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen solid slag to obtain pretreated kitchen solid slag;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the pretreated kitchen solid residue to obtain treated kitchen solid residue;
(3) adding the compound amylase into the kitchen solid residue treated in the step (2), performing enzymolysis reaction, and inactivating the compound amylase after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixture; wherein the compound amylase is medium temperature alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase;
(4) and (4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain a supernatant, namely the carbon source extracting solution of the composite amylase enzymolysis kitchen solid residue.
The carbon source extracting solution obtained by the method is mainly carbohydrate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH adjustment in step (2) is: the pH is adjusted to 5.0-7.0 with 6mol/L NaOH.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH adjustment in step (2) is: the pH was adjusted to 6.0 with 6mol/L NaOH.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the medium-temperature alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase in the step (3) is 2-6: 1.
in one embodiment of the invention, the addition amount of the composite amylase (the sum of the medium temperature alpha-amylase and the amyloglucosidase) in the step (3) is 0.4-1% (E: S), wherein the% refers to the mass ratio of the composite amylase to the dry weight of the kitchen solid residue treated in the step (2).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the medium-temperature alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase in the step (3) is 3: 1, the adding amount of the composite amylase (the sum of the moderate temperature alpha-amylase and the amyloglucosidase) is 0.8 percent (E: S), wherein the percent refers to the mass ratio of the composite amylase to the dry weight of the kitchen solid residue treated in the step (2).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment in step (1) comprises sterilization, crushing, and adjusting the water content.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment in step (1) may further comprise gelatinization.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pasting in step (1) is: placing the kitchen solid residue with the water content of 75-80% in a constant-temperature oscillating table, and oscillating for 60-90min at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sterilization in the step (1) is to kill pathogenic bacteria with strong infection, such as salmonella and tubercle bacillus, contained in the kitchen waste, and the crushing is to reduce particles of the kitchen solid residue, so that the particles can be fully combined with enzyme, the enzymolysis efficiency is improved, and the enzymolysis time is saved.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water content is adjusted to 75-80% in the step (1) by adding water into the kitchen solid residue.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction conditions in step (3) are: reacting for 12-16h at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the inactivating of the composite amylase in step (3) is specifically: after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, the reactant is placed in a water bath kettle at 90 ℃ for 15-20min, and the compound amylase is inactivated.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid separation in step (4) is specifically: after inactivation, centrifuging for 10-15 minutes at the rotation speed of 5000-.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the solid kitchen residue is solid residue (subjected to oil removal treatment) obtained from kitchen waste of a company Zhang Hou after pretreatment such as mechanical sorting, pulping, three-phase separation, and the like.
In one embodiment of the invention, the chemical agents used in the extraction process are all analytically pure; the medium temperature alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase used were purchased from Kull chemical technology (Beijing) Inc.; the medium-temperature alpha-amylase is extracted from bacillus subtilis, the applicable pH is 4-6, the applicable temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the enzyme activity is 4U/mg; the amyloglucosidase is extracted from Aspergillus niger, and has pH of 3.5-5, temperature of 50-60 deg.C, and enzyme activity of 100U/mg.
The second purpose of the invention is to obtain the carbon source extracting solution by the method for extracting the carbon source in the kitchen solid residue by the enzyme method.
The third purpose of the invention is the application of the carbon source extracting solution in sewage treatment.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the inlet water of the sewage plant is low, so that the total nitrogen is not completely removed by the conventional activated sludge system, and the standard reaching of the total nitrogen of the outlet water is influenced. Currently, most sewage plants select an external carbon source to supplement the carbon source lacking in the sewage.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the application specifically is: the carbon source extracting solution obtained by the method is used as an additional carbon source of a denitrification biological filter (DNBF) of an urban sewage treatment plant, so that the deep denitrification effect of the denitrification biological filter (DNBF) is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the invention, the extraction rate of the carbon source in the kitchen solid residue can reach 80%, and the total volume of the kitchen solid residue can be reduced by about 1/3.
(2) The invention opens up a new resource way for the treatment and disposal of the kitchen waste, and can also alleviate the current situation of short supply and demand of the carbon source market. The carbon source extracting solution obtained by enzymolysis of the kitchen solid residues by the amylase mainly comprises micromolecular oligosaccharide and reducing sugar, and can be used as a carbon source or further fermented for recycling the ethanol. The micromolecule saccharides are not easy to be precipitated again, so that the stability of the enzymolysis liquid is greatly improved, and the enzymolysis liquid is convenient to store.
(3) The invention can realize the reduction treatment of the kitchen waste. The solid kitchen residue is hydrolyzed by amylase catalysis, macromolecular saccharides such as starch in a solid phase are directionally converted into water-soluble micromolecular saccharides, so that the volume of the solid kitchen residue is reduced, and organic matters in the kitchen are separated and recovered, and the quantity of the kitchen waste is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the particle size change of the solid residue before and after the enzymolysis with the composite amylase in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the change of solid residue components before and after the enzymolysis with the composite amylase in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The carbon source extraction rate in all examples is characterized by the carbohydrate extraction rate.
Determination of carbohydrates: GB/T15672-2009 phenol-sulfuric acid method.
Determination of reducing sugar: 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method (DNS) NY/T2742-2015.
Determination of crude protein: kjeldahl method GB/T6432-2018.
Determination of crude fat: soxhlet extraction method GB 5009.6-2016.
Determination of protein content: the Lowry method (Folin-phenol method) GB/T21870-2008.
Determination of TOC: on-line TOC instrumental assay and instrumental analysis GB/T32116-.
Measuring the particle size of the kitchen particles: laser diffraction method GB/T19077.1-2003.
Determination of Total Solids (TS) and total Volatile Solids (VS): the drying constant-weight method HJ 613-.
Determination of the molecular weights and their distribution: gel chromatography GB/T31816-2015.
Example 1
Analyzing the components of a kitchen solid residue raw material (solid residue obtained from kitchen waste of Zhang Jiagang company after pretreatment such as mechanical sorting, pulping, three-phase separation and the like), wherein the solid residue mainly comprises crude protein, carbohydrate, crude fat and other impurities, and the other impurities mainly comprise crude fibers, and specifically the following table 1:
TABLE 1 kitchen Main Components (g/100g dry weight)
A method for extracting a carbon source in kitchen solid residue by an enzyme method (as shown in figure 1) comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: grinding the kitchen solid residue raw material in a mortar for about 5min, wherein the average particle size of the kitchen solid residue after grinding and crushing is about 99.19 mu m; putting the crushed solid residues into a conical flask, sealing the conical flask by using a sealing film, and sterilizing the conical flask in a high-temperature sterilization pot at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 20min to obtain sterilized kitchen solid residues;
(2) adjusting the water content of the kitchen solid residue: weighing 20g of the sterilized solid kitchen residue obtained in the step (1), wherein the water content of the solid kitchen residue is 73%, adding 7mL of water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adjusting the water content to 80% to obtain solid kitchen residue with the water content of 80%;
(3) pasting: placing the kitchen solid residue with the water content of 80% obtained in the step (2) in a constant-temperature oscillating table, and oscillating for 60min at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150 r/min;
(4) adjusting the pH value: taking the kitchen solid slag out of the shaking table, slightly cooling, and then adjusting the pH to 6.0 by using 6mol/L NaOH to obtain well-treated kitchen solid slag;
(5) adding composite amylase: 0.0276g of medium-temperature alpha-amylase and 0.0092g of amyloglucosidase are weighed and added into the treated solid kitchen residue obtained in the step (4), and the mixture is slightly shaken up to prevent the composite amylase from being adhered to the wall of a bottle;
(6) and (3) carrying out enzymolysis reaction: placing the kitchen solid residue added with the compound amylase obtained in the step (5) into a constant-temperature shaking table, and reacting for 16h at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150 r/min;
(7) inactivating the compound amylase: after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, putting the reactant in a water bath kettle at 90 ℃ for 15min, and inactivating the compound amylase;
(8) solid-liquid separation: and (3) after the composite amylase is inactivated, centrifuging for 10 minutes at the rotating speed of 5000r/min, and separating supernatant and precipitate, wherein the supernatant is the carbon source extracting solution of the composite amylase enzymolysis kitchen solid residue.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the obtained carbon source extracting solution, wherein the test result is as follows: the concentration of carbohydrate and the concentration of reducing sugar are respectively 66 +/-3 g/L and 23 +/-1 g/L (shown in figure 3), and the extraction rate of the carbon source of the kitchen solid residue is about 80 percent. The total volume of the kitchen solid residues is reduced by about 1/3 after the hydrolysis of the compound amylase. The structure of the kitchen solid residue particles is destroyed in the enzymolysis process of the composite amylase, the particle size is reduced to 10.43 mu m from the average particle size of 99.19 mu m, the further degradation treatment is facilitated, as shown in figure 2, the content of disaccharide after the enzymolysis reaches 62.34%, the molecular weight of disaccharide is smaller, the carbon source extracting solution is not easy to generate coagulation, the stability is good, and the storage is easier.
Example 2 optimization of the enzyme ratio
A carbon source extract was obtained by adjusting the mass ratio of medium temperature alpha-amylase to amyloglucosidase in example 1 to be shown in Table 2, and keeping the other parameters in agreement with those in example 1. The obtained carbon source extract was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Performance test of carbon source extracts obtained from different mass ratios of mesophilic alpha-amylase to amyloglucosidase
Example 3 optimization of pH
A carbon source extract was obtained by adjusting the pH of example 1 to the value shown in Table 3 and keeping the other parameters in accordance with example 1. The obtained carbon source extract was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Performance testing of carbon source extracts obtained at different pH
Example 4
And (3) adjusting the total adding amount of the composite amylase to be 0.4% (E: S) of the mass ratio of the dry weight of the kitchen solid residues treated in the step (2), wherein other conditions or parameters are consistent with those in the example 1, so as to obtain a carbon source extracting solution.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the obtained carbon source extracting solution, wherein the test result is as follows: the concentration of carbohydrate and the concentration of reducing sugar are 57 +/-2 g/L and 20 +/-1 g/L respectively, and the extraction rate of the solid kitchen residue carbon source is about 69 percent. The total volume of the kitchen solid residues is reduced by about 27 percent after the hydrolysis of amylase. The average grain diameter of the kitchen solid residue particles is reduced to 14.11 mu m from 99.19 mu m.
Example 5
And (3) adjusting the total adding amount of the composite amylase to be 1.0% (E: S) of the mass ratio of the dry weight of the kitchen solid residues treated in the step (2), wherein other conditions or parameters are consistent with those in the example 1, so as to obtain a carbon source extracting solution.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the obtained carbon source extracting solution, wherein the test result is as follows: the concentration of carbohydrate and the concentration of reducing sugar are respectively 70 +/-2 g/L and 23 +/-1 g/L, and the extraction rate of the solid kitchen residue carbon source is about 85 percent. The total volume of the kitchen solid residues is reduced by about 36 percent after the hydrolysis of amylase. The average grain diameter of the kitchen solid residue particles is reduced to 10.10 mu m from 99.19 mu m.
Example 6 omitting the step of gelatinization
The gelatinization step in example 1 was omitted, and other parameters were the same as in example 1 to obtain a carbon source extract.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the obtained carbon source extracting solution, wherein the test result is as follows: the concentration of carbohydrate and the concentration of reducing sugar are respectively 52 +/-2 g/L and 19 +/-1 g/L, and the extraction rate of the carbon source of the kitchen solid residue is about 63 percent. The total volume of the kitchen solid residues is reduced by about 25 percent after the hydrolysis of amylase. The average grain diameter of the kitchen solid residue particles is reduced to 18.51 mu m from 99.19 mu m.
Comparative example 1 selection of enzyme
A carbon source extract was obtained by adjusting the composite amylase of example 1 as shown in Table 4 and keeping the other parameters in agreement with example 1. The obtained carbon source extract was subjected to a performance test, and the test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Performance testing of carbon source extracts obtained with different enzymes
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting a carbon source in kitchen solid residue by an enzyme method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen solid slag to obtain pretreated kitchen solid slag;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the pretreated kitchen solid residue to 5.0-7.0 to obtain treated kitchen solid residue;
(3) adding the compound amylase into the kitchen solid residue treated in the step (2), performing enzymolysis reaction, and inactivating the compound amylase after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixture; wherein the compound amylase is medium temperature alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase; the mass ratio of the medium-temperature alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase in the composite amylase is 2-6: 1;
(4) performing solid-liquid separation on the mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain supernatant, namely carbon source extracting solution of the composite amylase enzymolysis kitchen solid residue; wherein the carbon source extracting solution is mainly carbohydrate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the composite amylase in the step (3) to the dry weight of the kitchen solid residues treated in the step (2) is 0.4-1%.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pretreatment of step (1) comprises sterilization, crushing, adjusting the water content.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the preprocessing of step (1) further comprises a gelatinization, wherein the gelatinization is: placing the kitchen solid residue with the water content of 75-80% in a constant-temperature oscillating table, and oscillating for 60-90min at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the medium-temperature alpha-amylase to the amyloglucosidase in step (3) is 3: 1, the adding amount of the composite amylase relative to the dry weight of the kitchen solid residue treated in the step (2) is 0.8%.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conditions of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction in step (3) are as follows: reacting for 12-16h at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-.
7. An extract of a carbon source obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The application of the carbon source extracting solution in sewage treatment of claim 7, wherein the carbon source extracting solution in claim 7 is used as an additional carbon source of DNBF in a denitrification biological filter of a municipal sewage treatment plant, so that the deep denitrification effect of DNBF in the denitrification biological filter is improved.
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| CN113578935A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 中国天楹股份有限公司 | Resourceful treatment method for kitchen waste |
| CN114794160B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-09-12 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Method for harvesting plants by utilizing wetland in recycling manner |
| CN114873723A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for preparing denitrification carbon source by adopting coffee pectin |
| CN115475823A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-12-16 | 江苏晨洁再生资源科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste fine utilization process based on amino acid fertilizer preparation technology |
| CN115465958B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-08-08 | 武汉森泰环保股份有限公司 | Biological nutrient for sewage denitrification and preparation method and device thereof |
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