CN111589041B - Anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111589041B
CN111589041B CN202010368449.9A CN202010368449A CN111589041B CN 111589041 B CN111589041 B CN 111589041B CN 202010368449 A CN202010368449 A CN 202010368449A CN 111589041 B CN111589041 B CN 111589041B
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dry powder
extinguishing
extinguishing agent
fire
fire extinguishing
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CN111589041A (en
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王戈
赵永涛
冯亚菲
吴进煌
王义冬
张海永
褚广哲
臧勃林
殷文昌
杨航
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Chinese People's Liberation Army 92228
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007Solid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0014Powders; Granules

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the extinguishing agent comprises 50-75% of extinguishing base material, 8-30% of oil absorption particles, 8-20% of heat insulation and flame retardation particles and 3-10% of nano auxiliary agent in percentage by mass, and the problem of reburning after dry powder extinguishing is effectively prevented by introducing the oil absorption material and the heat insulation material to assist in extinguishing fire; the traditional dry powder additives such as silicone oil, stearate, mica talcum powder and the like are abandoned, and the nano-additive is introduced, so that the micro-nano composite dry powder is endowed with excellent water repellency, oil repellency and flowability through micro-nano composite design and preparation process, and the effect of strengthening fire extinguishing by the nano-material is exerted, the fire extinguishing efficiency of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is improved, and the danger and difficulty of fire scene cleaning are reduced.

Description

Anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire fighting, and particularly relates to a novel fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dry powder extinguishing agent has the advantages of rapidness and high efficiency in extinguishing oil fire, and is often used for rapidly extinguishing the initial fire. The biggest disadvantage of dry powder extinguishing oil fire is the problem of re-burning after fire extinguishing. The combustion of oil fire is essentially the combustion of oil vapor, and the dry powder extinguishing mechanism is chemical extinguishing, and combustion is stopped by blocking a combustion reaction chain, so that the dry powder extinguishing mechanism does not have a cooling effect; in addition, the surface of the common dry powder is hydrophobic and lipophilic, the specific gravity of the common dry powder is greater than that of an oil product, the common dry powder directly sinks to the bottom of the oil surface after being sprayed, the fire extinguishing effect cannot be continuously exerted, and a burning triangle of combustible materials, oxygen and temperature still exists, so that the dry powder is the main reason that the dry powder is easy to reburn after extinguishing an oil fire.
The conventional dry powder extinguishing agent contains auxiliary materials such as silicone oil, stearate, mica, white carbon black and the like in a formula, and is used for improving or enhancing the service performances such as water repellency, flowability, electric insulation and the like of dry powder. The addition process of the auxiliary materials is complex, and the auxiliary materials in the fire extinguishing agent have high mass ratio but do not greatly contribute to the fire extinguishing efficiency and are the root cause of the lipophilicity of the dry powder.
The prior composite anti-afterburning dry powder extinguishing agent patents such as Chinese patents CN1597024A and CN104096335A both propose a method for further adding a fluorocarbon surfactant component into the dry powder extinguishing agent to enhance the water and oil repellency of the dry powder particles, thereby improving the anti-afterburning capability. The Chinese patent CN105854214A uses the alkaline residue as the main component to prepare the dry powder extinguishing agent which can be dispersed and floated on the combustion liquid surface to isolate the air and prevent the reburning. The above-mentioned dry powder patents are all based on the design idea of carrying out oil repellent treatment on dry powder particles, and the space for improving the comprehensive performance of the prepared dry powder extinguishing agent is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of the re-combustion resistance of the conventional dry powder extinguishing agent, the invention provides a novel re-combustion resistant composite dry powder extinguishing agent by expanding the formula components and upgrading the preparation process and adopting multi-component cooperation and micro-nano composite processes of fire extinguishing, oil absorption, heat insulation, flame retardance and the like.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the composite anti-afterburning dry powder extinguishing agent comprises, by mass, 50-75% of an extinguishing base material, 8-30% of oil absorption particles, 8-20% of heat insulation flame-retardant particles and 3-10% of a nano auxiliary agent.
Preferably, the fire-extinguishing base material can be ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or sodium chloride and the like, and is crushed to 3.5 to 40 microns (D50).
Preferably, the oil-absorbing particles are resin particles with oil-absorbing multiplying power of more than 10, can be made into domestic brands such as Migake, Yinai and Beduo, can also be made into foreign Imbiber Beads and the like, and are crushed to 15-80 microns (D50). Preferably, the heat-insulating flame-retardant particles can be one or a plurality of glass beads, zeolite powder, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and the like, and the particle size range (D50) is 2.5-15 microns.
Preferably, the nano assistant can be one or a plurality of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum dioxide and the like, and the particle size range (D50) is 0.05-0.1 micron.
The preparation method of the anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials according to corresponding proportions, running for 10-20 minutes at 500-1000 rpm in a high-speed compounding machine, then carrying out high-speed compounding for 20-40 minutes at 2500-3800 rpm, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a dry powder extinguishing agent with a composite formula idea. Introducing an oil absorption material and a heat-insulating flame-retardant material into the dry powder fire-extinguishing base material to perform auxiliary fire extinguishing; and simultaneously, introducing a nano auxiliary agent, and preparing the composite dry powder extinguishing agent by a micro-nano composite process.
(2) The invention provides a micro-nano composite design and preparation method of a dry powder extinguishing agent, which enables dry powder to form a micro-nano bionic structure similar to a lotus leaf effect through scientific micro-nano particle size design and a reasonable composite process, so that the composite extinguishing agent can naturally float on the surface of oil to play a fire extinguishing role and prevent re-combustion.
(3) The composite fire extinguishing agent prepared by the invention has excellent flowing property, is easy to spray, can quickly extinguish fuel oil fire without re-burning, effectively prevents the fire spread of a fuel oil flowing area, and has a fire extinguishing effect and later-period fire scene cleaning efficiency which are obviously higher than those of the traditional water film-forming fire extinguishing agent.
(4) The product of the invention has advanced production process, simple and easy method and better practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the composite dry powder of example 3 floating on the oil surface after extinguishing a fire.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing that a conventional dry powder of the type commercially available in comparative example 5 of the present invention sinks to the bottom of an oil pan after extinguishing a fire.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of comparative example 2 of the present invention floating on the oil surface after extinguishing a fire.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of comparative example 3 of the present invention floating on the oil surface after extinguishing a fire.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and test examples, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The main action mechanism of each component of the invention is as follows: the fire extinguishing base material and the auxiliary agent cut off the combustion chemical reaction of oil steam; the oil absorption material reduces the concentration of oil vapor above the combustion area by absorbing surface oil; the heat-insulating flame-retardant material floats on the oil surface to reduce the oil temperature and isolate oxygen. The nano auxiliary agent endows the composite dry powder with excellent water repellency and excellent fluidity, and simultaneously plays a role in strengthening fire extinguishing by the nano material. Thus, the synergistic effect of different components is exerted simultaneously under four tubes, and four factors such as chemical reaction chains, combustible substances, temperature, oxygen and the like of the combustion tetrahedron are completely destroyed. The preparation method of the micro-nano composite abandons traditional silicone oil, stearate and other auxiliary agents for improving the water repellency of dry powder and talcum powder mica powder and other fluidity auxiliary agents, and endows the composite dry powder with excellent water repellency, oil repellency and fluidity through reasonable micro-nano particle size design and a composite process. Not only effectively prevents the problem of reburning of the dry powder after fire extinguishment, obviously improves the fire extinguishment efficiency of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent, but also can obviously reduce the danger and the difficulty of cleaning a fire scene.
Example 1
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running for 12 minutes at 500 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 40 minutes at 2500 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Example 2
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running for 15 minutes at 500 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 25 minutes at 3500 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Example 3
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running the mixture in a high-speed compounding machine for 10 minutes at 800 revolutions per minute, then compounding the mixture at 3000 revolutions per minute for 40 minutes at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃ during the compounding, shutting down the machine, cooling the machine to room temperature, discharging and packaging the product.
Example 4
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1, running for 15 minutes at 500 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 25 minutes at 3800 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Example 5
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1, running for 15 minutes at 1000 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 20 minutes at 3800 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Example 6
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running the mixture in a high-speed compounding machine for 10 minutes at 800 revolutions per minute, then compounding the mixture for 35 minutes at 3500 revolutions per minute, controlling the temperature of the dry powder to be not more than 85-95 ℃ during the period, shutting down the machine, cooling the machine to room temperature, discharging and packaging the product.
Example 7
The anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running for 15 minutes at 600 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 30 minutes at 3500 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Comparative example 1
The anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1, running for 15 minutes at 600 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding for 30 minutes at 3500 revolutions per minute, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example of the anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running the mixture for 12 minutes at 500 revolutions per minute in a high-speed compounding machine, then compounding the mixture for 40 minutes at 2500 revolutions per minute at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃, shutting down the machine, cooling the machine to room temperature, discharging and packaging the product.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example of the anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing all the raw materials according to the formula in the table 1 according to the corresponding proportion, running the mixture in a high-speed compounding machine for 10 minutes at 800 revolutions per minute, then compounding the mixture at 3000 revolutions per minute for 40 minutes at a high speed, controlling the temperature of the dry powder not to exceed 85-95 ℃ during the compounding, shutting down the machine, cooling the machine to room temperature, discharging and packaging the product.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example of the anti-reburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared by putting all the raw materials into a mixer according to the formula in the table 1, mixing and stirring, controlling the temperature to be 50 +/-10 ℃, shutting down after measuring the water content to be less than 0.12%, cooling to room temperature, discharging and packaging.
Comparative example 5
A certain commercial Yuebrand 75ABC dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared from ammonium phosphate as an extinguishing base material.
TABLE 1 main constituents and mass fractions of fire extinguishing agents
Figure BDA0002477302970000051
Test examples
By referring to the GB4066-2017 standard requirements and test methods, the performance of the anti-afterburning composite dry powder extinguishing agent obtained in the embodiments 1-7 of the invention is detected, and all results meet the GB4066-2017 standard.
The results of comparing the properties of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the performance of the composite powder fire extinguishing agent
Figure BDA0002477302970000052
Figure BDA0002477302970000061
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the moisture absorption rate, penetration, fluidity, low temperature resistance and other detection results of the composite dry powder fire extinguishing agent for re-ignition resistance obtained in examples 1-7 of the invention are obviously better than those of the common dry powder sold in comparative example 5. The composite dry powder extinguishing agents of examples 1-7 exhibited relatively faster extinguishing rates in standard fire extinguishing tests. After the fire extinguishing, the oil level is observed, the composite powder fire extinguishing agent with re-ignition resistance obtained in the examples 1-7 of the invention floats on the oil level to form a covering layer, and the picture of the composite powder fire extinguishing agent with re-ignition resistance obtained in the example 3 floating on the oil level after the fire extinguishing is given in figure 1. In sharp contrast to the commercial dry powder fire extinguishing agent described in comparative example 5 which sinks to the bottom of the oil pan after extinguishing the fire (FIG. 2).
The formula of the comparative example 1 is not added with the nano auxiliary agent, so that the density of the composite dry powder is obviously higher than that of the composite dry powder in the example 1, and the moisture absorption rate, the penetration degree, the fluidity and the low temperature resistance data are all lower than those of all the examples.
Comparative example 2 no oil absorbing and insulating components were added to the formulation, resulting in a fire extinguishing agent that floats on the top surface of the oil layer after fire extinguishing but without the special effect of oil absorption, see fig. 3.
Comparative example 3 formula proportion is not scientific and reasonable enough, leads to the fire extinguishing agent after putting out a fire to float on the upper surface of the oil reservoir, but the oil absorption effect is not good, see figure 4.
The preparation process of comparative example 4 does not adopt a micro-nano composite process, so that the density of the composite dry powder is obviously higher than that of the composite dry powder in example 4, and the data of moisture absorption rate, penetration degree, fluidity and low temperature resistance are all inferior to those of all examples.
The composite powder extinguishing agent is suitable for various powder extinguishing agents including ABC powder and BC powder. ABC dry powder is used for extinguishing A-type fire and B-type fire; the BC dry powder is used for extinguishing B-type fire, and the re-combustion prevention mainly aims at the B-type fire, namely oil-fired fire.

Claims (3)

1. The composite dry powder fire extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising 50-75% of fire extinguishing base material, 8-30% of oil absorption particles, 8-20% of heat insulation flame retardant particles and 3-10% of nano auxiliary agent in percentage by mass;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the oil absorption particles are resin particles with oil absorption multiplying power of more than 10, and the particle size D50 is 15-80 microns;
the heat-insulating flame-retardant particles comprise one or more of glass beads, zeolite powder, magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, and the particle size D50 is 2.5-15 microns;
the nanometer assistant comprises one or more of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and aluminum dioxide, and the particle size D50 is 0.05-0.1 micron;
the fire extinguishing base material comprises one or more of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, and the particle size D50 is 3.5-40 microns;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, running for 10-20 minutes at 500-1000 rpm in a high-speed compounding machine, then carrying out high-speed compounding for 20-40 minutes at 2500-3800 rpm, and controlling the temperature of the dry powder to be not more than 85-95 ℃ during the high-speed compounding process.
2. The composite dry powder fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the oil absorbing particles comprise any one or more of Migake, Yinai, Beduo, and Imbiber Beads brands.
3. A method for preparing the composite dry powder fire extinguishing agent with re-ignition resistance according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, running for 10-20 minutes at 500-1000 rpm in a high-speed compounding machine, then carrying out high-speed compounding for 20-40 minutes at 2500-3800 rpm, and controlling the temperature of the dry powder to be not more than 85-95 ℃ during the high-speed compounding process.
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JPH06304265A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-01 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Oil solidifying agent which possesses combustion suppressing function
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CN103550901A (en) * 2013-10-31 2014-02-05 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院 Novel composite powdery fire extinguishing medium and preparation method thereof
CN106807026A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-09 北京生泰消防装备有限公司 A kind of method for improving ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent mobility
CN106861108A (en) * 2017-04-05 2017-06-20 福建省南安市恒盾消防配套厂 A kind of dry-chemical fire extinguishing composition
CN107715364A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-02-23 蚌埠市龙泰消防有限公司 A kind of smoke-inhibiting type powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof
WO2019164415A1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-29 Bogdanovic, George Fire extinguishing powder, for a, b, c, d, f and k class fires and its application in suppression of catastrophic fires, the absorption of oil and its derivatives and revitalization of land degradation caused by fire

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180250541A1 (en) * 2017-03-01 2018-09-06 Gerald Flood Enhanced dry chemical fire extinguishing composition, apparatus, and method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06304265A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-01 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Oil solidifying agent which possesses combustion suppressing function
CN102319499A (en) * 2011-07-19 2012-01-18 南京理工大学 Built-up synergetic class-A/B water extinguishing agent series
CN103550901A (en) * 2013-10-31 2014-02-05 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院 Novel composite powdery fire extinguishing medium and preparation method thereof
CN106807026A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-09 北京生泰消防装备有限公司 A kind of method for improving ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent mobility
CN106861108A (en) * 2017-04-05 2017-06-20 福建省南安市恒盾消防配套厂 A kind of dry-chemical fire extinguishing composition
CN107715364A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-02-23 蚌埠市龙泰消防有限公司 A kind of smoke-inhibiting type powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof
WO2019164415A1 (en) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-29 Bogdanovic, George Fire extinguishing powder, for a, b, c, d, f and k class fires and its application in suppression of catastrophic fires, the absorption of oil and its derivatives and revitalization of land degradation caused by fire

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