CN111588043B - Preparation method of dietary fiber based on Siraitia grosvenorii waste - Google Patents
Preparation method of dietary fiber based on Siraitia grosvenorii waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111588043B CN111588043B CN202010504180.2A CN202010504180A CN111588043B CN 111588043 B CN111588043 B CN 111588043B CN 202010504180 A CN202010504180 A CN 202010504180A CN 111588043 B CN111588043 B CN 111588043B
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- dietary fiber
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- momordica grosvenori
- siraitia grosvenorii
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- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 241001409321 Siraitia grosvenorii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000011171 Thladiantha grosvenorii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 15
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 3
- UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N Stevioside Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940013618 stevioside Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N stevioside Natural products CC1(CCCC2(C)C3(C)CCC4(CC3(CCC12C)CC4=C)OC5OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C5OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6O)C(=O)OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7O OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019202 steviosides Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000218984 Momordica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009815 Momordica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010266 Sephadex chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005016 Intestinal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920005654 Sephadex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012507 Sephadex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001142 anti-diarrhea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940068517 fruit extracts Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000002313 intestinal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930189775 mogroside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 triterpene glucoside Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/065—Microorganisms
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of dietary fiber based on Siraitia grosvenorii waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) pulping: (2) fermentation; (3) solid-liquid separation; (4) ultrafiltration and membrane separation; (5) concentrating; (6) alcohol precipitation; (7) drying; and (8) baking, crushing and sieving. According to the invention, the fermenting agent and the fermenting auxiliary agent are added in the fermentation step, and the dosage ratio of the momordica grosvenori residues to the effluent liquid of the upper column is controlled, wherein the effluent liquid of the upper column is used as a source of water-soluble dietary fibers and can also be used as nutrition for fermentation, so that the insoluble momordica grosvenori dietary fibers are partially converted into the water-soluble dietary fibers with higher economic value, and the method is a method for comprehensively utilizing the momordica grosvenori residues and the waste liquid. The obtained product has high content and yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial preparation method of dietary fiber, in particular to dietary fiber based on Siraitia grosvenorii waste and an industrial preparation method thereof.
Background
Fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii is a vine of Cucurbitaceae, has effects of clearing heat, detoxicating, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, and can be used for treating hypertension etc. The momordica grosvenori sweet substance containing momordica grosvenori sweet glycoside (main component is sweet glycoside V) is triterpene glucoside, has the characteristics of edible safety, high sweetness, small heat and the like, has the sweetness which is 260 times that of sucrose, and has the heat which is only 1/50 of that of the sucrose. After the grosvenor momordica fruit extracts the important high-power sweet substance, namely the stevioside V, most of other byproducts are discarded as fertilizer or treated as sewage, so that great resource waste and environmental protection cost are caused.
Dietary fiber is a polysaccharide which can not be digested and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and can not generate energy, and is one of seven nutrients in nutrition. It has various physiological functions such as anti-diarrhea, intestinal cancer prevention, constipation treatment, detoxification, weight control, and blood sugar reduction. Therefore, dietary fiber is increasingly receiving attention. Therefore, based on the recycling of the momordica grosvenori waste, the extraction of the momordica grosvenori dietary fiber from the momordica grosvenori waste has important significance for improving the added value of the industrial chain of the momordica grosvenori, maximizing the value and protecting the ecological environment.
CN110028541a discloses an extraction method for comprehensively utilizing fructus momordicae, which takes fructus momordicae as a raw material, and the fructus momordicae dietary fiber is obtained by enzymolysis, water extraction and drying the residual filter residue after alcohol extraction.
CN108851093 discloses a method for separating water-soluble dietary fiber and collagen from fructus momordicae waste liquid, which takes fructus momordicae waste liquid as raw material, and obtains the water-soluble fiber through adjusting pH, proteolysis, ultrafiltration, sephadex chromatography, concentration and drying. The process aims at the waste liquid of the momordica grosvenori, but the residue of the momordica grosvenori is not treated, and the used sephadex chromatography has extremely small treatment capacity, is difficult to scale and is extremely easy to generate blockage. After PH adjustment, the salt content of the momordica grosvenori waste liquid is higher, the subsequent enzymolysis reaction of the protease is very unfavorable, meanwhile, the protease is used for carrying out enzymolysis on the waste liquid into small peptides, the molecular weight of the small peptides is different from hundreds of thousands, the small peptides after degradation are difficult to form obvious differences with dietary fibers in terms of molecular weight, and the subsequent ultrafiltration and sephadex are separated according to the molecular sieve principle, so that the process for separating the dietary fibers and the protein small peptides by using the process of the physical molecular sieve is basically impossible to realize in theory.
CN107033209a discloses a method for simultaneously extracting mogroside without pesticide residue and water-soluble dietary fiber, which takes fresh momordica grosvenori as raw material, and obtains the water-soluble dietary fiber through juicing, boiling, chromatography, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and concentration. The process is mainly used for removing pesticide residues, mainly comprises an alumina and active carbon chromatographic column, wherein the alumina and the active carbon are purified and separated mainly in a physical adsorption mode, the pesticide residues are up to 400, and the pesticide residues can reach zero content simply through two chromatographic columns, so that the process is unrealistic. In addition, the water-soluble dietary fiber in the process is obtained through ultrafiltration trapped fluid, which is a principle of a physical molecular sieve, wherein a large amount of protein in the trapped fluid directly causes the obtained dietary fiber to have lower content, the application range is limited, the commodity value is lower, and the process has no further treatment of the momordica grosvenori residues and waste of resources.
CN1397539a discloses a method for extracting various effective components from fructus momordicae residues, which is to obtain filter residues from fructus momordicae seed oil extraction residues after respectively alkali and acid treatment, and obtain the dietary fiber after drying, or obtain the filter residues after protease enzymolysis and amylase hydrolysis after soaking by ammonium acetate, namely the dietary fiber. The process is subjected to acid or alkali treatment, so that the structural damage to the dietary fiber is great, and meanwhile, the insoluble dietary fiber prepared by the process has the advantages of larger application range limitation and lower commodity value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, comprehensively utilize the waste residue and the waste liquid of the momordica grosvenori, provide a method for simultaneously separating insoluble dietary fibers from the waste of the momordica grosvenori and obtaining the water-soluble dietary fibers, and the obtained product has high content and yield, the whole production process is carried out under mild conditions, the process has strong operability, low cost, no toxic and harmful chemical solvents, safety, environmental protection and low production cost, can realize the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the waste of the momordica grosvenori, and is suitable for industrially producing the dietary fibers of the waste of the momordica grosvenori.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the dietary fiber based on the Siraitia grosvenorii waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pulping: pulping the siraitia grosvenorii residues;
(2) Fermentation: mixing the pulped fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue with the concentrated solution of the effluent of the upper column, and fermenting;
(3) Solid-liquid separation: centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain insoluble substances and supernatant;
(4) Ultrafiltration and membrane separation: ultrafiltering the supernatant obtained in the step (3), and allowing the permeate to pass through a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid;
(5) Concentrating: concentrating the nanofiltration membrane trapped liquid to obtain concentrated liquid;
(6) Alcohol precipitation: adding a poor solvent of water-soluble siraitia grosvenorii dietary fibers into the concentrated solution, and taking insoluble matters;
(7) And (3) drying: drying the insoluble matters in the step (3) and the insoluble matters in the step (6) respectively;
(8) Baking, crushing and sieving: and (3) respectively baking, crushing and sieving the dried product obtained in the step (7) to obtain insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber respectively.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fructus momordicae residue is an insoluble substance obtained after the fructus momordicae is extracted by taking water or alcohol water solution as a leaching solvent. The fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii is fresh fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii or dried fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, preferably fresh fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii.
Preferably, in the step (1), the pulping is to crush the siraitia grosvenorii residue, and the particle size is controlled between 10 meshes and 80 meshes. The granularity of the grosvenor momordica fruit residue crushed by the mechanical jackpot prize is smaller, so that the subsequent quick fermentation is facilitated, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the step (2), the effluent liquid of the upper column is an effluent liquid of the fructus momordicae leaching solution after macroporous resin chromatography, and the effluent liquid is required to be concentrated to 5-10 brix to obtain a concentrated solution and then is mixed with the pulped fructus momordicae slag.
Preferably, in the step (2), the fermentation is performed in the presence of a fermenting agent and a fermenting auxiliary agent, wherein the fermenting agent is a microorganism for the purpose of decomposing insoluble substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like, and comprises one or more of trichoderma, aspergillus, penicillium, rhizopus and bacillus. Preferably, the trichoderma and aspergillus are compounded according to the mass ratio of 1-2:1-2.
The fermentation auxiliary agent is at least one of glucose, sucrose, fructose, peptone and purine, preferably, the fermentation auxiliary agent is the compound of sucrose, peptone and purine. More preferably sucrose, peptone and purine in a mass ratio of 2-4:4-6: 1-2.
Further, the mass ratio of the siraitia grosvenorii residue, the leavening agent and the fermentation auxiliary agent is 100:10-15:15-20.
Most of the momordica grosvenori residues are insoluble dietary fibers and are difficult to ferment independently, the effluent liquid of the upper column is waste liquid after the resin is used for adsorbing the stevioside V, other nutrient substances such as sugar, amino acid, vitamin, water-soluble dietary fibers and the like are reserved in the effluent liquid of the upper column except that the stevioside V is separated, and the effluent liquid of the upper column is a good culture medium. Meanwhile, fermentation auxiliary agent is added into fermentation liquor to quickly start fermentation, so that fermenting microorganisms quickly form population advantage, and mildew and deterioration are avoided. In the fermentation process, the effluent liquid of the microorganism above the column is taken as a nutrient substance, and meanwhile, insoluble momordica grosvenori residues can be decomposed, so that substances in the momordica grosvenori residues are prevented from being degraded into soluble substances. Such as long-chain insoluble cellulose, is degraded into chain-broken soluble cellulose, etc., thereby improving the yield of the water-soluble dietary fiber.
The inventor unexpectedly found that under the compound action of the fermentation auxiliary agent and the fermentation agent, the synergistic interaction is exerted, so that the fermentation efficiency of the momordica grosvenori pomace and the effluent liquid of the upper column is high, and the insoluble momordica grosvenori dietary fiber is promoted to be converted into the water-soluble momordica grosvenori dietary fiber with higher economic value. The invention skillfully utilizes the main wastes of the fructus momordicae, namely the fructus momordicae residues and the effluent liquid of the upper column, and the effluent liquid of the upper column serves as a source of water-soluble fructus momordicae dietary fibers and also serves as a nutrition source of zymophyte, so that insoluble fructus momordicae dietary fibers and water-soluble dietary fibers with high purity, especially water-soluble dietary fibers with high economic value, can be respectively obtained with extremely high yield without adding other substances. The method provided by the invention is the comprehensive utilization of the momordica grosvenori resources, not only eliminates the resource waste caused by the need of processing the waste momordica grosvenori materials in the past, but also changes waste into valuables, and provides a research and development thought with great development potential and economic value for the momordica grosvenori.
In one embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the siraitia grosvenorii residue to the column-loading effluent concentrate is 1:5-50, preferably 1:10-27.
The inventor finds that the use amount of the momordica grosvenori residues and the effluent liquid on the upper column is regulated within the range, so that the momordica grosvenori resources can be fully utilized most reasonably, and the high-quality momordica grosvenori dietary fibers can be obtained with the highest efficiency and the highest economic value. The effluent liquid on the column is too little to provide nutrition sources needed by fermentation, so that the fermentation efficiency is low, and the yield of the water-soluble siraitia grosvenorii dietary fiber of the final product is low; the effluent liquid of the upper column is excessively used, so that the waste of nutrient sources is caused.
Preferably, in the step (2), the fermentation condition is that the temperature is 30-60 ℃ and the time is 6-24 hours, and stirring is continuously carried out.
In the step (3), the centrifugation is for solid-liquid separation, and is not particularly limited, and includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of three-legged bag centrifugation, butterfly centrifugation, horizontal screw centrifugation, and tube centrifugation, and the combination of horizontal screw centrifugation and butterfly centrifugation is optimal.
Preferably, in the step (4), the ultrafiltration is carried out with the molecular weight cutoff of 20-80 ten thousand Da, and the nanofiltration is carried out with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000-10000 Da. The ultrafiltration can further remove insoluble substances, while the nanofiltration can remove small molecular substances mainly including salts, pigments and amino acids.
Preferably, in step (5), the concentration is for the purpose of reducing the moisture content, including, but not limited to, one or more of membrane concentration, vacuum concentration, scraper concentration, or multi-effect evaporation concentration. The end point of the concentration is concentration to 40-50brix.
In the step (6), the poor solvent is added to promote the solubility of the water-soluble dietary fiber to be reduced and separated out. Poor solvents for the water-soluble dietary fibers include alcohols, ketones, ethers, and combinations thereof. The kind of the alcohol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and the like. The ketone is selected from acetone. The ether is selected from diethyl ether. The poor solvent is preferably edible ethanol.
In the step (6), the insoluble matter is obtained by centrifugation through one of butterfly centrifugation, horizontal spiral centrifugation or tubular centrifugation.
In the step (7), the drying is performed for the purpose of removing moisture, and is not particularly limited, and includes one or more combinations of air drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying and freeze drying, and microwave drying is most preferable.
In the step (8), the baking temperature is 120-200 ℃, the time is 3-8 h, and the stirring state is maintained. The purpose of crushing and sieving is to achieve the purpose of sieving with a 100-200 mesh sieve. The prepared dietary fiber is baked at high temperature, so that the special burnt fragrance and the Momordica grosvenori fragrance of the dietary fiber can be directly improved, and the flavor of the food can be improved after the dietary fiber is added into the food.
The principle of the method of the invention is as follows:
the fructus momordicae water extract contains large nutrient substances for microbial fermentation, and the fructus momordicae residue nutrient substances are deficient and difficult to ferment, but contain a large amount of insoluble dietary fibers. And then drying insoluble matters and alcohol-precipitated insoluble matters which are subjected to solid-liquid separation through alcohol-precipitated dietary fibers, extracting fragrance at high temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain insoluble dietary fibers and soluble dietary fibers respectively.
The method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can realize the recycling of the Momordica grosvenori slag and the Momordica grosvenori column effluent liquid at the same time, and realize the high value of added value.
(2) The insoluble dietary fiber content obtained by the method is more than or equal to 80 percent, the water-soluble dietary fiber content is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the total dietary fiber yield is more than or equal to 80 percent.
(3) The insoluble dietary fiber obtained by the method has high conversion rate (namely, the amount of the insoluble dietary fiber is converted into water-soluble dietary fiber and accounts for the percentage of the insoluble dietary fiber), so that the economic value of the Siraitia grosvenorii waste is greatly improved, and the method has great market competitiveness.
(4) The insoluble dietary fiber and the water-soluble dietary fiber obtained by the invention not only have the flavor of fructus momordicae, but also have special burnt flavor.
(5) The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the brand new method for simultaneously separating the insoluble dietary fiber and the water-soluble dietary fiber from the momordica grosvenori waste is provided, the content and the yield of the obtained product are high, the whole production process is carried out under mild conditions, the operability of the process is strong, the cost is low, no toxic and harmful chemical solvents are used, the method is safe, green and environment-friendly, the production cost is low, the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the momordica grosvenori waste can be realized, and the method is suitable for industrially producing the dietary fiber of the momordica grosvenori waste.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
The momordica grosvenori residues and the effluent liquid on the column used in the embodiment of the invention are all from the biological resource stock company of the Mirabilitum praecox in lake, wherein the content of insoluble dietary fiber in the momordica grosvenori residues is 35.7wt%; after the effluent liquid on the column is converted into solid matters, the content of water-soluble dietary fiber is 28.3wt%; the materials or chemicals used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, were obtained by conventional commercial means.
In the embodiment of the invention, insoluble dietary fibers and soluble dietary fibers are measured according to the method of GB/T5009.88-2008 determination of dietary fibers in foods.
Example 1
(1) Pulping: taking 183kg of fresh siraitia grosvenorii residue leached by water as a solvent, and pulping to 10 meshes;
(2) Fermentation: after the effluent liquid from the column was concentrated to 10brix, 2000kg of the concentrated solution (converted into 200kg of solid) was mixed with the siraitia grosvenorii residue, and then 10kg of a fermentation aid (sucrose: peptone: purine=3:6:1) and 20kg of a starter were added, followed by fermentation at 40℃for 12 hours while maintaining the stirring state.
(3) Solid-liquid separation: and (3) respectively carrying out horizontal screw centrifugation and butterfly centrifugation on the fermented fermentation liquid, and respectively collecting insoluble matters and soluble matters.
(4) Ultrafiltration: the soluble substances are filtered through a 40-kilo Da ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a permeate, and then the permeate is filtered through a 5000Da nanofiltration membrane to collect a trapped fluid.
(5) Concentrating: the collected retentate was concentrated to 45brix using a triple effect evaporative concentrator.
(6) Alcohol precipitation: 4 times of 95% ethanol was injected into the concentrated solution, and the solution was left to stand for 6 hours, followed by centrifugation to collect insoluble materials.
(7) And (3) drying: and (3) carrying out microwave drying on insoluble matters in the step (3) and the step (6).
(8) Baking, crushing and sieving: and (3) respectively baking the dried product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 150 ℃ for 6 hours, and then crushing and sieving the dried product with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain 29.4kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 82.8kg of soluble dietary fiber respectively.
The insoluble dietary fiber content obtained in this example was 83.2%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 92.4%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 82.8%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 2
(1) Pulping: taking 183kg of fresh siraitia grosvenorii residue leached by water as solvent, pulping to 60 meshes;
(2) Fermentation: after the effluent liquid from the column was concentrated to 8brix, 5000kg of the concentrated solution (converted into 400kg of solid) was mixed with the siraitia grosvenorii residue, and then 15kg of a fermentation aid (sucrose: peptone: purine=2:4:2) and 15kg of a starter culture were added, and the mixture was fermented at 30℃for 24 hours while maintaining the stirring state.
(3) Solid-liquid separation: centrifuging the fermented fermentation liquor by a three-leg type centrifuge, and respectively collecting insoluble matters and soluble matters.
(4) Ultrafiltration: the soluble substances are filtered through a 60-ten thousand Da ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a permeate, and then the permeate is filtered through a 1-ten thousand Da nanofiltration membrane to collect a trapped fluid.
(5) Concentrating: the collected retentate was concentrated to 40brix using a wiped film evaporator.
(6) Alcohol precipitation: 3 times of 95% ethanol was injected into the concentrated solution, and the solution was left to stand for 8 hours, followed by tube centrifugation to collect insoluble materials.
(7) And (3) drying: and (3) carrying out microwave drying on insoluble matters in the step (3) and the step (6).
(8) Baking, crushing and sieving: and (3) respectively baking the dried product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 hours, and then crushing and sieving the dried product with a 160-mesh sieve to obtain 24.9kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 143.2kg of soluble dietary fiber respectively.
The insoluble dietary fiber content obtained in this example was determined to be 86.5%, the soluble dietary fiber content was determined to be 95.5%, and the total dietary fiber yield was determined to be 88.6%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 3
(1) Pulping: taking 183kg of fresh siraitia grosvenorii residue leached by water as a solvent, and pulping to 80 meshes;
(2) Fermentation: after the effluent liquid from the column was concentrated to 10brix, 3500kg of the concentrated solution (converted into 350kg of solid) was mixed with the siraitia grosvenorii residue, 13kg of a fermentation aid (sucrose: peptone: purine=3:5:1.5) and 10kg of a starter, 10kg of trichoderma, and fermentation was carried out at 60℃for 8 hours while maintaining the stirring state.
(3) Solid-liquid separation: and (3) centrifuging the fermented fermentation liquor by horizontal screw, and respectively collecting insoluble matters and soluble matters.
(4) Ultrafiltration: the soluble substances are filtered through a 20-kilo Da ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a permeate, and then the permeate is filtered through a 3000Da nanofiltration membrane to collect a trapped fluid.
(5) Concentrating: the collected retentate was concentrated to 50brix using a five-effect evaporation concentrator.
(6) Alcohol precipitation: the concentrate was poured with 5 volumes of 95% ethanol, allowed to stand for 4 hours, and centrifuged to collect insoluble materials.
(7) And (3) drying: and (3) carrying out microwave drying on insoluble matters in the step (3) and the step (6).
(8) Baking, crushing and sieving: and (3) respectively baking the dried product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and then crushing and sieving the dried product by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain 23.1kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 138.5kg of soluble dietary fiber respectively.
The insoluble dietary fiber content obtained in this example was determined to be 85.9%, the soluble dietary fiber content was determined to be 92.1%, and the total dietary fiber yield was determined to be 89.4%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 4
Other conditions and steps are the same as in example 3, except that in step (2), the fermentation aid, sucrose: peptone: purine = 2:2:1.
And finally obtaining 26.3kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 132.2kg of soluble dietary fiber through measurement. The obtained insoluble dietary fiber content was 86.4%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 90.3%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 86.1%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 5
The other conditions and steps are the same as in example 3, except that in step (2), the fermentation aid is 11kg of sucrose and peptone in a mass ratio of 3:5.
Through measurement, 26.6kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 124.9kg of soluble dietary fiber are finally obtained. The obtained insoluble dietary fiber content was 85.7%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 91.7%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 83.6%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 6
The other conditions and steps were the same as in example 3 except that in step (2), the fermentation aid was 11kg of peptone and purine were compounded at a ratio of 5:1.5.
According to the measurement, 25.8kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 126.5kg of soluble dietary fiber are finally obtained. The obtained insoluble dietary fiber content was 86.4%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 91.2%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 83.8%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 7
Other conditions and steps are the same as in example 3, except that in step (2), the fermentation aid is 11kg of sucrose and purine compounded in a ratio of 2:1.
According to the measurement, 29.4kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 117.6kg of soluble dietary fiber are finally obtained. The content of insoluble dietary fiber is 87.1%, the content of soluble dietary fiber is 93.0%, and the total yield of dietary fiber is 82.1%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Example 8
The other conditions and steps were the same as in example 3 except that in step (2), 1000kg of a concentrate having a sugar degree of 10brix (100 kg converted into solid) was mixed with the siraitia grosvenorii residue.
According to the measurement, 31.8kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 55.8kg of soluble dietary fiber are finally obtained. The obtained insoluble dietary fiber content was 88.2%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 91.7%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 84.6%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor and special burnt flavor.
Comparative example 1
Other conditions and steps were the same as in example 3, except that in step (2), no fermentation aid was added.
The measurement shows that 54.7kg of insoluble dietary fiber and 92.9kg of soluble dietary fiber are obtained finally. The obtained insoluble dietary fiber content was 85.4%, the soluble dietary fiber content was 90.3%, and the total dietary fiber yield was 79.5%. The obtained dietary fiber is rich in fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flavor, but has no special burnt flavor.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the dietary fiber based on the Siraitia grosvenorii waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pulping: pulping the siraitia grosvenorii residues;
(2) Fermentation: mixing the pulped fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue with the concentrated solution of the effluent of the upper column, and fermenting; the fermentation condition is that the temperature is 30-60 ℃ and the time is 8-24 hours, and stirring is continuously carried out; the fermentation is carried out in the presence of a starter and a fermentation auxiliary agent; the fermenting agent is a compound of trichoderma and aspergillus according to the mass ratio of 1-2:1-2; the fermentation auxiliary agent is sucrose, and the mass ratio of peptone to purine is 2-4:4-6: 1-2; the effluent liquid on the column is an effluent liquid obtained by subjecting the momordica grosvenori leaching solution to macroporous resin chromatography, and is concentrated to 5-10 brix to obtain a concentrated solution, and then the concentrated solution is mixed with pulped momordica grosvenori residues; the mass ratio of the siraitia grosvenorii residue to the starter to the fermentation auxiliary agent is 100:10-15:15-20 parts; the weight ratio of the siraitia grosvenorii residue to the effluent concentrated solution of the upper column is 1:10-27;
(3) Solid-liquid separation: centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain insoluble substances and supernatant;
(4) Ultrafiltration and membrane separation: ultrafiltering the supernatant obtained in the step (3), and allowing the permeate to pass through a nanofiltration membrane to obtain nanofiltration membrane trapped fluid;
(5) Concentrating: concentrating the nanofiltration membrane trapped liquid to obtain concentrated liquid;
(6) Alcohol precipitation: adding edible ethanol into the concentrated solution, and taking insoluble substances;
(7) And (3) drying: drying the insoluble matters in the step (3) and the insoluble matters in the step (6) respectively;
(8) Baking, crushing and sieving: and (3) respectively baking, crushing and sieving the dried product obtained in the step (7) to obtain insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber respectively.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the beating is performed by crushing the siraitia grosvenorii residue, and the particle size is controlled to be 10-80 meshes.
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