CN111585030B - High-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna - Google Patents
High-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111585030B CN111585030B CN202010582416.4A CN202010582416A CN111585030B CN 111585030 B CN111585030 B CN 111585030B CN 202010582416 A CN202010582416 A CN 202010582416A CN 111585030 B CN111585030 B CN 111585030B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/04—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
- H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power microwave polarization conversion superlens antenna, and aims to solve the problem that an existing horn antenna does not have a polarization conversion function and is not compact enough in axial direction when matched with a waveguide circular polarizer. The invention is composed of a horn antenna and a polarization conversion super lens, wherein the horn antenna is composed of a first flange plate, a conical horn and a second flange plate. The polarization conversion super lens is formed by combining a plurality of polarization conversion super lens units in a honeycomb arrangement mode, a through hole is drilled in the center of each polarization conversion super lens unit, two arched columns are arranged inside the through hole and are respectively connected with the inner wall of the through hole through supporting rods, and two matching grooves are formed in two ends of each polarization conversion super lens unit. The cross section of the polarization conversion super lens unit is in a regular hexagon shape and is tightly arranged into a circle. The invention has the advantages of compact thickness around a free space wavelength, high power capacity, direct conversion from a linear polarization mode to a circular polarization mode and radiation of the circular polarization microwave mode to the free space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radiation antenna in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to a high-power microwave polarization conversion superlens antenna capable of realizing circularly polarized radiation.
Background
High-power microwave is used as an emerging subject and has wide application prospect in the military field and the civil field. As an important component of high power microwave systems, high power radiating antennas determine whether the energy generated by a high power microwave source can be effectively radiated or concentrated onto a target. At present, most high-power microwave radiation antennas are linearly polarized antennas, the circularly polarized receiving electronic equipment is difficult to play a role, and partial energy is lost due to polarization mismatching. Therefore, in order to improve the effect of the high-power microwave antenna and expand the application range of high-power microwave, the development and enrichment of the circular polarization radiation technology are required.
In order to realize circular polarization radiation of high power microwave and increase the coupling probability between the high power microwave and the target, a high power circular polarizer is usually applied to convert a circular waveguide linear polarization mode generated by a high power microwave source (such as a virtual cathode oscillator, a relativistic backward wave tube, a magnetic insulated wire oscillator, etc.) into a circular polarization mode, and then the circular waveguide linear polarization mode is used to excite a horn antenna. The length of the existing high-power microwave circular polarizer is usually 3-7 wavelengths, and when the existing high-power microwave circular polarizer is used in cooperation with a horn antenna, the problems that the structure of the whole high-power microwave transmitting system is complex, the axial length is long and the like can be caused, and the application of the existing high-power microwave circular polarizer in certain specific occasions can be limited.
When the existing horn antenna is used in cooperation with a high-power microwave circular polarizer, the axial length is long, and the application requirements of certain specific occasions (such as an airborne platform with limited space size) cannot be met, so that how to design the horn antenna which is compact in axial direction and has a circular polarization radiation function is a technical problem which is of great concern to technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel high-power microwave polarization conversion superlens antenna which is compact in structure and high in gain, and is used for solving the problems that the existing horn antenna does not have a polarization conversion function, and is not compact enough in axial direction when matched with a waveguide circular polarizer and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the high-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna comprises a horn antenna and a polarization conversion super lens, wherein the horn antenna is a conical horn antenna and consists of a first flange plate, a conical horn and a second flange plate. One end of the horn antenna is connected with the microwave source through a first flange plate to serve as an input port, the other end of the horn antenna is welded with the polarization conversion super lens through a second flange plate to serve as an output port, and the first flange plate and the second flange plate are respectively connected with two ends of the conical horn; defining one end (namely one end where the first flange plate is positioned) of the polarization conversion super lens close to the microwave source as an input end, and defining one end (namely one end where the polarization conversion super lens is positioned) of the polarization conversion super lens far away from the microwave source as an output end; the horn antenna and the polarization conversion superlens are coaxial, and the central axis is OO'.
The horn antenna is made of metal materials, the first flange plate is welded on the outer wall of the input end of the conical horn, and the second flange plate is welded on the outer wall of the output end of the conical horn; the first flange is annular and has an outer diameter D 1 Inner diameter of D 2 The thickness of the ring, i.e. the axial length, being t 1 (ii) a The conical horn is formed by connecting a circular waveguide and a conical waveguide, wherein the circular waveguide is in the shape of a cylinder, and the inner diameter of the circular waveguide is equal to D 2 Axial length of t 2 The waveguide wall thickness is s; the inner diameter of the end of the conical waveguide connected with the circular waveguide is equal to D 2 The inner diameter of the end far away from the circular waveguide is D 3 Axial length of l 1 The wall thickness of the waveguide being equal to s, D 3 >D 2 (ii) a The second flange is annular and has an outer diameter D 4 Inner diameter equal to D 3 The thickness, i.e. axial length, of the ring of the second flange is equal to t 1 。
The polarization conversion super lens is made of metal material and has a disk shape with a diameter equal to D 4 Thickness of l 2 . The polarization conversion super lens is formed by arranging and combining a plurality of polarization conversion super lens units in a honeycomb manner, and the central axis of any polarization conversion super lens unit is O 1 O 1 ’，O 1 O 1 'parallel to OO'. A first cylindrical through hole with the radius of r and the depth of l is drilled at the center of the polarization conversion super lens unit 2 Central axis of the first cylindrical through hole and O 1 O 1 ' coaxial. Two arched columns with the same structure are arranged in the first cylindrical through hole and are respectively a first arched column and a second arched column, the first arched column and the second arched column are respectively connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole through a first supporting rod and a second supporting rod, and the first arched column and the second arched column are connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole through O 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; geometric central axis O 2 O 2 ' is a perpendicular line passing through the geometric center of the rectangular bottom surface of the first arched post, O 2 O 2 ' and O 1 O 1 ' vertical. The first support rod and the second support rod are two fan-shaped annular columns with the same structure, and the first support rod and the second support rod are O-shaped 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; one cambered surface of the first supporting rod is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole, and the other cambered surface of the first supporting rod is connected with the cambered surface of the first arched column, so that the first arched column is supported in the first cylindrical through hole; one cambered surface of the second supporting rod is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole, and the other cambered surface of the second supporting rod is connected with the cambered surface of the second arched column, so that the second arched column is supported in the first cylindrical through hole; the lengths of the first arched column and the first supporting rod are equal to l 2 . For matching the exit impedance, along O 1 O 1 In the direction, two matching grooves, namely a first emergent matching groove and a second emergent matching groove, are formed in one end, far away from a microwave source, of the polarization conversion super lens unit; in order to match the incident impedance, the polarization conversion super lens unit is also provided with two matching grooves which are a first incident matching groove and a second incident matching groove at one end close to the microwave source; the four matching grooves have the same structure, and the first emergent matching groove and the second emergent matching groove are relative to the O 1 O 1 A' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, a first incident matching groove and a second incident matching groove with respect to O 1 O 1 ' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, first exit matching slot and first entrance matching slot about O 2 O 2 ' symmetrical; the first emergent matching groove has a groove depth of l 21 ，l 21 <l 2 /2。
The cross section of the polarization conversion super lens unit is a regular hexagon, and the side length is a; the first arched column has an arched cross section and a radius r 0 The chord length is d; the cross section of the first supporting rod is in a sector ring shape, and the inner diameter is r 0 R for outer diameter and b for width; the cross section of the first emergent matching groove is in a sector ring shape, and the radiuses of the inner ring and the outer ring are r and r respectively 1 The groove width is k.
The polarization conversion super lens unit is seen from the cross section of the polarization conversion super lensIs closely arranged to have a diameter D 4 Each polarization conversion super lens unit is positioned at the available number of rows p in the polarization conversion super lens 1 And the number of columns q 1 And (4) showing. The central axis of the polarization conversion super lens is OO', and the center O of the polarization conversion super lens is defined 3 At the 0 th row and 0 th column of the polarization conversion super lens unit, and the center O of the polarization conversion super lens 3 The upper cell is located in positive rows and negative rows on the lower side, and the right cell is located in positive columns and negative columns on the left side. Setting the center O of the polarization conversion superlens 3 Is located as the origin of coordinates, and x is established 1 -y 1 Fixing rectangular coordinate system, the center of the first cylindrical through hole of any one polarization conversion super lens unit is at x 1 -y 1 Projected usable coordinates Q of a plane 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Showing that after the side length a of the polarization conversion super lens unit is determined, the center of the polarization conversion super lens unit projects a coordinate Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Is also determined accordingly, and have
(q 1 Represents the number of columns, p, of the polarization conversion super lens unit in the honeycomb array 1 Representing the number of rows of polarization converting superlens cells in the honeycomb array). The geometric central axis O of the polarization conversion super lens unit 2 O 2 ' and x 1 The clockwise included angle of the axial positive direction is alpha 1 ，α 1 Determined by the particular mode of horn antenna injection.
For convenience of description, the conditions satisfied by the structural parameters of the above design are uniformly described here:
1. defining the central frequency of microwave emitted from horn antenna as f and the light speed in vacuum as c, then the radius r of the first cylindrical through hole of the polarization conversion super lens unit<c/2f, depth l 2 <3c/2f, side length of regular hexagon of polarization-switched superlens cell
Radius r of the first arcuate column 0 <r, chord length d<2r 0 (ii) a Outer diameter r of fan-shaped matching groove 1 Satisfies c/2f>r 1 >r, groove depth l 21 <l 2 /2, groove width k<d; width of the first supporting rod b<r 0 . After microwaves are transmitted to the polarization conversion super lens in free space, the conversion from a linear polarization mode to a circular polarization mode can be realized through the polarization conversion super lens unit, and r 0 、l 2 The values of d and b determine whether this conversion process can be implemented, so r, r 0 、l 2 D and b are key parameters for simulation optimization. Meanwhile, in the process, the microwave lossless transmission needs to be ensured, and the parameter r 1 、l 21 The value of and k determines whether the microwave energy passes completely without reflection, so that r 1 、l 21 And k are also key parameters for simulation optimization. In specific application, given the microwave frequency f, a, r and r can be roughly determined 0 、l 2 D and b, under the premise that the functions of all the components are realized, a, r and r can be obtained by optimizing the CST Studio Suite by electromagnetic simulation software 0 、r 1 、l 2 、l 21 A specific set of values for d, b and k.
2. Having a coordinate of Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Geometric central axis O of the polarization converting superlens unit of 2 O 2 ' and x 1 Included angle alpha of axial positive direction 1 Defined by the particular mode of horn antenna injection, defining O 2 O 2 ' and x 1 The clockwise included angle of the axial positive direction is positive and x 1 The positive counterclockwise included angle of the shaft is negative. When the horn antenna injects linear polarization TM 01 In mode, x 1 Axial direction and O 2 O 2 Angle of `
When the horn antenna injects linear polarization TE 01 In mode, x 1 Axial direction and O 2 O 2 Angle of `
Wherein x is 1 A projection coordinate Q corresponding to the center of the first cylindrical through hole of the polarization conversion super lens unit 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Abscissa of (a), y 1 Is Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) On the ordinate of and have
a is the side length of a regular hexagon, p 1 Represents the number of rows of polarization-converting superlens cells in the honeycomb array, q 1 Representing the number of columns of polarization converting superlens cells in the honeycomb array. Alpha is alpha 1 The microwave radiation source is only related to the projection coordinate of the center of the first cylindrical through hole and the exit mode of the horn antenna, and is not related to the frequency of microwaves. When the method is applied specifically, after the side length a of the regular hexagon of the cross section of the polarization conversion super lens unit and the microwave mode emitted by the horn antenna are determined, the Q can be determined according to the a 1 (x 1 ,y 1 )，α 1 It can be calculated by the above formula.
3. The horn antenna is a conical horn antenna, and the main structural parameter of the horn antenna is D 2 、D 3 、t 2 And l 1 And has D 3 >D 2 >0，t 2 >0，l 1 >0, the radiation efficiency of the horn antenna is more than 99% due to the parameters, and the microwave propagates in the horn in an approximately spherical wave, and D can be obtained by optimized design of CST Studio Suite by electromagnetic simulation software in specific application after the microwave frequency is given 2 、D 3 、t 2 And l 1 Specific values of (a). Structural parameter D of first flange plate 1 、t 1 Structural parameter D of the second flange 4 、t 1 Does not influence the overall implementation effect of the invention and meets the requirement D 4 >D 1 >0，t 1 >On the premise of 0, an appropriate value may be selected according to specific needs.
By electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite, the condition that 0 is satisfied is realized<r 0 <r<r 1 <c/2f，0<2l 21 <l 2 <3c/2f，
0<d<2r 0 ，0<b<r 0 ，k<d，D 3 >D 2 >0，l 1 >0，D 4 >D 1 >0，t 1 >0，t2>0，s>Under the condition of 0, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is set to be more than 99%, and parameters a, r and r can be obtained 0 、r 1 、l 1 、l 2 、l 21 、d、b、k、D 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、t 1 And t 2 The exact value of (c), s is generally 3-5 mm. And the thickness l of the polarization conversion super lens designed in this way 2 Around one free-space wavelength.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the circular waveguide inputs a linear polarization mode received from the high-power microwave source into the conical waveguide, and the linear polarization mode is radiated to the polarization conversion super lens through the conical waveguide. The polarization conversion superlens has a plurality of polarization conversion superlens units therein, each polarization conversion superlens unit converting a linear polarization mode into a circular polarization mode and finally radiating a circular polarization microwave mode into a free space.
Thickness l of the designed polarization-converting superlens 2 Around one free-space wavelength, it is more compact axially than conventional waveguide circular polarizers. Meanwhile, the whole radiation system has higher power capacity and can meet the application requirement in the high-power microwave field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. according to the polarization conversion super lens antenna, the polarization conversion super lens unit is optimally designed, so that the incident microwave polarization mode can be efficiently converted into a circularly polarized microwave mode, and the whole polarization conversion super lens antenna has high radiation efficiency and low side lobe level;
2. the thickness of the polarization conversion super lens is about one free space wavelength, and compared with the existing polarization conversion technology, the thickness is greatly reduced, so that the whole polarization conversion horn antenna is more compact in the axial direction;
3. the polarization conversion super lens is simple to process, small in size and high in power capacity, and can meet the requirements of high-power microwave application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention, in which fig. 1(a) is a three-dimensional view of the present invention, and fig. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view of AA' of fig. 1 (a).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the feedhorn 1 of the present invention, wherein fig. 2(a) is a three-dimensional view of the feedhorn 1, and fig. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of AA' of fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the polarization converting superlens 2 and the polarization converting superlens unit 21 thereof of the present invention, wherein fig. 3(a) is a three-dimensional view of the polarization converting superlens 2, and fig. 3(b) is an enlarged three-dimensional view of the polarization converting superlens unit 21 at the center of the circle in fig. 3 (a).
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a polarization converting superlens unit 21 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21 in the polarization conversion super lens 2 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the polarization conversion super lens 2, and FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram illustrating Q in FIG. 5(a) 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) An enlarged view of the polarization conversion superlens unit 21.
Fig. 6 is a two-dimensional CST phantom pattern for an outgoing beam according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a two-dimensional CST simulation axial ratio plot of an exit beam of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the high-power microwave polarization conversion lens antenna of the invention. As shown in fig. 1(a) and fig. 1(b), the present invention is composed of a horn antenna 1 and a polarization conversion super lens 2, wherein the horn antenna 1 is a conical horn antenna, and is composed of a first flange 11, a conical horn 12 and a second flange 13. One end of the horn antenna 1 is connected with a microwave source through a first flange plate 11 to serve as an input port, the other end of the horn antenna is welded with the polarization conversion super lens 2 through a second flange plate 13 to serve as an output port, and the first flange plate 11 and the second flange plate 13 are respectively connected with two ends of a conical horn 12; defining one end of the polarization conversion super lens close to the microwave source (namely, one end where the first flange plate 11 is positioned) as an input end, and defining one end of the polarization conversion super lens far away from the microwave source (namely, one end where the polarization conversion super lens 2 is positioned) as an output end; the horn antenna 1 and the polarization conversion superlens 2 are coaxial, and the central axis is OO'.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the feedhorn 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2(a), the horn antenna 1 is composed of a first flange 11, a conical horn 12 and a second flange 13, which are made of metal materials, wherein the first flange 11 is welded on the outer wall of the input end of the conical horn 12, and the second flange 13 is welded on the outer wall of the output end of the conical horn 12; as shown in FIG. 2(b), the first flange 11 has a circular ring shape and an outer diameter D 1 Inner diameter of D 2 The thickness of the ring, i.e. the axial length, being t 1 (ii) a The conical horn 12 is formed by connecting a circular waveguide 121 and a conical waveguide 122, wherein the circular waveguide 121 is in the shape of a cylinder and has an inner diameter equal to D 2 Axial length of t 2 The waveguide wall thickness is s; the inner diameter of the end of the conical waveguide 122 connected with the circular waveguide 121 is equal to D 2 The inner diameter of the end far from the circular waveguide 121 is D 3 Axial length of l 1 The wall thickness of the waveguide being equal to s, D 3 >D 2 (ii) a The second flange 13 is annular and has an outer diameter D 4 Inner diameter equal to D 3 The thickness, i.e. the axial length, of the ring of the second flange 13 is equal to t 1 。
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a polarization converting superlens 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3(a), the polarization conversion superlens 2 is made of a metal material, and has an overall disk shape with a diameter D equal to that of the polarization conversion superlens 4 Thickness of l 2 . The polarization conversion super lens 2 is formed by a plurality of polarization conversion super lens units 21 arranged and combined in a honeycomb shape as shown in fig. 3(b), and the central axis of any one polarization conversion super lens unit 21 is O 1 O 1 ’，O 1 O 1 'parallel to OO'. As shown in FIG. 3(b), a first cylindrical through hole 211 is drilled in the center of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21, the first cylindrical through hole 211 has a radius r and a depth l 2 The central axis of the first cylindrical through hole 211 and O 1 O 1 ' coaxial. A first cylindrical through hole211 are internally provided with two arched columns with the same structure, namely a first arched column 212 and a second arched column 213, the first arched column 212 and the second arched column 213 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole 211 through a first supporting rod 214 and a second supporting rod 215, and the first arched column 212 and the second arched column 213 are relative to the O 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; geometric central axis O 2 O 2 ' is a perpendicular line, O, passing through the geometric center of the rectangular bottom surface of the first arcuate post 212 2 O 2 ' and O 1 O 1 ' vertical. The first support bar 214 and the second support bar 215 are two fan-shaped columns with the same structure, and the first support bar 214 and the second support bar 215 are arranged around the O 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; one cambered surface of the first supporting rod 214 is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole 211, and the other cambered surface is connected with the cambered surface of the first arched column 212, so that the first arched column 212 is supported inside the first cylindrical through hole 211; one cambered surface of the second support rod 215 is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole 211, and the other cambered surface is connected with the cambered surface of the second arched column 213, so that the second arched column 213 is supported inside the first cylindrical through hole 211; the first arched post 212 and the first support rod 214 are both equal to l in length 2 . For matching the exit impedance, along O 1 O 1 In the direction, the polarization conversion superlens unit 21 has two matching grooves, namely a first exit matching groove 216 and a second exit matching groove 218, at an end away from the microwave source; in order to match the incident impedance, the polarization conversion superlens unit 21 is also provided with two matching grooves, namely a first incident matching groove 217 and a second incident matching groove 219, at one end close to the microwave source; the four matching grooves are identical in structure, and the first exit matching groove 216 and the second exit matching groove 218 are aligned with respect to O 1 O 1 A' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, a first incident matching groove 217 and a second incident matching groove 219 with respect to O 1 O 1 ' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, first exit matching slot 216 and first entrance matching slot 217 about O 2 O 2 ' symmetrical; the first exit matching groove 216 has a groove depth of l 21 ，l 21 <l 2 /2。
Fig. 4 is a front view of the polarization converting superlens unit 21 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the poleThe cross section (i.e., the BB' section in fig. 3 (b)) of the conversion superlens unit 21 is a regular hexagon with a side length of a; the first arcuate post 212 is arcuate in cross-section and has a radius r 0 The chord length is d; the first support bar 214 has a cross-section of a sector ring shape with an inner diameter r 0 R for outer diameter and b for width; the cross section of the first emergent matching groove 216 is in a sector ring shape, and the radiuses of the inner ring and the outer ring are r and r respectively 1 The groove width is k.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the polarization conversion superlens unit 21 in the polarization conversion superlens 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5(a), the cross-section of the polarization converting superlens unit 21 is closely arranged to have a diameter D when viewed from the cross-section of the polarization converting superlens 2 4 Each polarization converting superlens cell 21 is located at an available number of rows p in the polarization converting superlens 2 1 And the number of columns q 1 And (4) showing. The central axis of the polarization conversion superlens 2 is OO', and the center O of the polarization conversion superlens 2 is defined 3 In the 0 th row and 0 th column of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21, the center O of the polarization conversion super lens 2 3 The upper cell is located in positive rows and negative rows on the lower side, and the right cell is located in positive columns and negative columns on the left side. Setting the center O of the polarization conversion superlens 2 3 Is located as the origin of coordinates, and x is established 1 -y 1 The rectangular coordinate system is fixed, so that the center of the first cylindrical through hole 211 of any one polarization conversion super lens unit 21 is at x 1 -y 1 Projected usable coordinates Q of a plane 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Showing that the central projection coordinate Q of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21 after the side length a is determined 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Is also determined accordingly, and have
(q 1 Represents the number of columns, p, of the polarization-switched superlens unit 21 in the honeycomb array 1 Indicating the number of rows of polarization converting superlens cells 21 in the honeycomb array). As shown in FIG. 5(b), let the geometric center axis O of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21 2 O 2 ' and x 1 The clockwise included angle of the axial positive direction is alpha 1 ，α 1 Determined by the particular mode of injection of the feedhorn 1.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the designed high power microwave mode conversion horn antenna with the center frequency f of 14.25GHz (i.e. the frequency of the input microwave source is 14.25GHz, and the corresponding microwave wavelength is 21.05mm) has the following embodiments:
the horn antenna 1 adopts a conical horn antenna, wherein the inner diameters D of the circular waveguide 121 and the conical waveguide 122 in the conical horn 12 close to the microwave source end 2 140mm, circular waveguide 121 length t 2 30mm, the inner diameter D of the conical waveguide 122 far from the microwave source end 3 340mm, axial length l 1 703 mm; outer diameter D of first flange plate 11 1 170mm, outer diameter D of the second flange 13 4 The thickness of the first flange plate 11 and the second flange plate 13 is t equal to 370mm 1 10mm, 5mm waveguide wall thickness s; the diameter of the polarization conversion super lens 2 is equal to the outer diameter of the second flange plate 13 and is D 4 370 mm. At this frequency, the side length a of the cross-section regular hexagon of the polarization conversion super lens unit 21 is 8.17mm, the radius r of the first cylindrical through hole 211 is 5.91mm, and the thickness l 2 22.64 mm; radius r of the first arcuate column 212 0 3.75mm, chord length d 6.23mm, height l 2 22.64 mm; first support rod 214 inner diameter r 0 3.75mm, 5.91mm for outer diameter r, 1.86mm for width b; the radius r of the inner ring of the first exit matching groove 216 is 5.91mm, and the radius r of the outer ring thereof is 1 6.38mm and 4.36 mm.
The radiation effect of the high-power microwave polarization conversion superlens antenna with the center frequency f of 14.25GHz designed according to the above parameters is shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, respectively. Fig. 6 is a two-dimensional CST simulation pattern of an emergent beam according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the abscissa Theta is an emergent pitch angle, the ordinate is antenna gain, the dotted line is a radiation two-dimensional simulation pattern of a feed horn antenna, and the solid line is a radiation two-dimensional simulation pattern of the horn antenna after being matched with a polarization conversion superlens. As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 6, the injection mode of the feedhorn is TM 01 Mode, two-dimensional far-field side of its emergent beamThe graph satisfies TM 01 The mode characteristics, namely, the center of the main lobe is 0 (the abscissa is 0 degrees, and the ordinate is-70 dB), the two sides are the largest (the abscissa is +/-5 degrees, and the ordinate is 20dB), and the mode characteristics correspond to the three-dimensional hollow beam. The injection mode of the horn antenna is TM 01 Mode, then geometric center axis O of any one polarization-converting superlens cell 2 O 2 ' and x 1 Angle of positive axis
(transformation of the center of the Superlens Unit by polarization the coordinate Q can be projected 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) And the side length a, which are not listed herein), that is, the arrangement of the polarization conversion super lens units in the polarization conversion super lens is completely determined. As shown by the solid line in fig. 6, after the horn antenna is matched with the polarization conversion super lens, the emergent wave is still a hollow wave beam, which indicates that the polarization conversion super lens does not change the radiation aperture distribution of the feed source. Meanwhile, on the basis of keeping the gain of the main lobe unchanged (when the abscissa is +/-5 degrees, the ordinate values of the dotted line and the solid line are both kept at 20dB), the level of the secondary lobe of the high-power microwave polarization conversion lens antenna is obviously smaller than that of the feed source horn antenna (when the abscissa is +/-15 degrees, the ordinate value of the solid line is 5dB smaller than that of the dotted line), and the polarization conversion super lens can improve the emergent performance of the feed source.
Fig. 7 shows a two-dimensional CST simulation axial ratio diagram of an emergent beam according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the abscissa Theta is an emergent pitch angle, the ordinate is an axial ratio of an antenna, the dotted line is a radiation two-dimensional simulation axial ratio diagram of a feed horn antenna, and the solid line is a radiation two-dimensional simulation axial ratio diagram of the horn antenna matched with a polarization conversion superlens. As can be seen from fig. 7, after the polarization conversion super-lens is loaded, the axial ratio of the main lobe of the emergent wave is reduced from 40dB to about 2dB (when the abscissa is ± 5 °, the ordinate of the solid line is 2dB, and the ordinate of the dotted line is 40dB), which indicates that the polarization conversion super-lens can convert the linearly polarized wave into the circularly polarized wave.
When the horn antenna injection mode is TE 01 When molding, according to
The polarization conversion superlens unit can also achieve the implementation effect shown in fig. 6 and 7 after being arranged.
At other center frequencies f, the horn antenna and the polarization conversion superlens designed according to the present invention can achieve the implementation effects shown in fig. 6 and 7.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna is characterized in that the high-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna is composed of a horn antenna (1) and a polarization conversion super lens (2), wherein the horn antenna (1) is a conical horn antenna and is composed of a first flange plate (11), a conical horn (12) and a second flange plate (13); one end of the horn antenna (1) is connected with a microwave source through a first flange plate (11) to serve as an input port, the other end of the horn antenna is welded with the polarization conversion super lens (2) through a second flange plate (13) to serve as an output port, and the first flange plate (11) and the second flange plate (13) are respectively connected with two ends of the conical horn (12); defining one end of the high-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna close to the microwave source as an input end, and defining one end of the high-power microwave polarization conversion super lens antenna far away from the microwave source as an output end; the horn antenna (1) and the polarization conversion super lens (2) are coaxial, and the central axis is OO';
a first flange (11) of the horn antenna (1) is welded on the outer wall of the input end of the conical horn (12), and a second flange (13) is welded on the outer wall of the output end of the conical horn (12); the first flange (11) is annular and has an outer diameter D 1 Inner diameter of D 2 The thickness of the ring, i.e. the axial length, being t 1 (ii) a The conical horn (12) is formed by connecting a circular waveguide (121) and a conical waveguide (122), wherein the circular waveguide (121) is in the shape of a cylinder, and the inner diameter of the circular waveguide is equal to D 2 Axial length of t 2 The waveguide wall thickness is s; the conical waveguide (122) and the circleThe inner diameter of the end of the waveguide (121) connected to it is equal to D 2 The inner diameter of the end far away from the circular waveguide (121) is D 3 Axial length of l 1 The wall thickness of the waveguide being equal to s, D 3 >D 2 (ii) a The second flange (13) is annular and has an outer diameter D 4 Inner diameter equal to D 3 The thickness of the ring of the second flange (13), i.e. the axial length, is equal to t 1 ；
The polarization conversion super lens (2) is integrally disc-shaped, and the diameter is equal to D 4 Thickness of l 2 (ii) a The polarization conversion super lens (2) is formed by arranging and combining a plurality of polarization conversion super lens units (21) in a honeycomb manner, and the central axis of any one polarization conversion super lens unit (21) is O 1 O 1 ’，O 1 O 1 'parallel to OO'; a first cylindrical through hole (211) is drilled at the center of the polarization conversion super lens unit (21), the radius of the first cylindrical through hole (211) is r, and the depth is l 2 The central axis of the first cylindrical through hole (211) and O 1 O 1 ' coaxial; two arched columns with the same structure are arranged in the first cylindrical through hole (211) and are respectively a first arched column (212) and a second arched column (213), the first arched column (212) and the second arched column (213) are respectively connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole (211) through a first supporting rod (214) and a second supporting rod (215), and the first arched column (212) and the second arched column (213) are connected with the O-shaped part 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; geometric central axis O 2 O 2 ' is a perpendicular line passing through the geometric center of the rectangular bottom surface of the first arcuate post (212), O 2 O 2 ' and O 1 O 1 ' vertical; the first support rod (214) and the second support rod (215) are two fan-shaped annular columns with the same structure, and the first support rod (214) and the second support rod (215) are arranged around the O 1 O 1 ' 180 ° rotational symmetry; one cambered surface of the first supporting rod (214) is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole (211), the other cambered surface of the first supporting rod is connected with the cambered surface of the first arched column (212), and the first arched column (212) is supported in the first cylindrical through hole (211); one cambered surface of the second support rod (215) is connected with the inner wall of the first cylindrical through hole (211), the other cambered surface of the second support rod is connected with the cambered surface of the second arched column (213), and a support is arranged in the first cylindrical through hole (211)Supporting a second arcuate post (213); the length of the first arched post (212) and the first supporting rod (214) are both equal to l 2 (ii) a Along O 1 O 1 In the direction, one end of the polarization conversion super lens unit (21) far away from the microwave source is provided with two matching grooves, namely a first emergent matching groove (216) and a second emergent matching groove (218); the polarization conversion super lens unit (21) is also provided with two matching grooves at one end close to the microwave source, namely a first incidence matching groove (217) and a second incidence matching groove (219); the four matching grooves are identical in structure, and the first exit matching groove (216) and the second exit matching groove (218) are arranged around the O 1 O 1 A' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, a first incident matching groove (217) and a second incident matching groove (219) with respect to O 1 O 1 A' 180 DEG rotational symmetry, a first exit matching groove (216) and a first entrance matching groove (217) with respect to O 2 O 2 ' symmetrical;
the cross section of the polarization conversion super lens unit (21) is a regular hexagon, and the side length is a; the first arched post (212) is arched in cross section and has a radius r 0 The chord length is d; the cross section of the first supporting rod (214) is in a sector ring shape, and the inner diameter is r 0 R for outer diameter and b for width; the cross section of the first emergent matching groove (216) is in a sector ring shape, and the radiuses of the inner ring and the outer ring are r and r respectively 1 The groove width is k;
the cross sections of the polarization conversion super lens units (21) are closely arranged to have a diameter D 4 Defining the centre O of the polarization-converting superlens (2) 3 The polarization conversion super lens unit (21) is arranged on the 0 th row and the 0 th column, and the polarization conversion super lens (2) is arranged at the center O 3 The number of rows of the upper side unit is positive, the lower side is negative, the number of columns of the right side unit is positive, and the left side is negative; with O 3 Establishing x for origin of coordinates 1 -y 1 Fixed rectangular coordinate system, x 1 As a coordinate Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Abscissa of (a), y 1 Is Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) The ordinate of (a); definition of O 2 O 2 ' and x 1 The clockwise included angle of the axial positive direction is positive and x 1 The positive anticlockwise included angle of the shaft is negative; the projection coordinate corresponding to the center of the first cylindrical through hole (211) is Q 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ) Polarization conversion ofGeometric central axis O of the superlens unit (21) 2 O 2 ' and x 1 Included angle alpha of axial positive direction 1 The specific mode of injection by the horn antenna (1).
2. The high-power microwave polarization-converting superlens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the horn antenna (1) and the polarization-converting superlens (2) are made of metal materials.
3. The high power microwave polarization converting superlens antenna of claim 1, wherein the radius r of the first cylindrical through hole (211) of the polarization converting superlens cell (21) is<c/2f, depth l 2 <3c/2f, side length of regular hexagon of polarization conversion super lens unit (21)
f is the central frequency of the microwave emitted by the horn antenna (1), and c is the speed of light in vacuum; radius r of first arcuate column (212) 0 <r, chord length d<2r 0 (ii) a The outer diameters r of the first exit matching groove (216), the second exit matching groove (218), the first incident matching groove (217) and the second incident matching groove (219) 1 Satisfies c/2f>r 1 >r, groove depth l 21 <l 2 /2, groove width k<d; width b of the first support bar (214)<r 0 。
4. The high power microwave polarization converting superlens antenna of claim 1, characterized in that when the horn antenna (1) injects linearly polarized TM 01 Angle of mode
a is the side length of a regular hexagon, p 1 Represents the number of rows of polarization-converting superlens cells (21) in the honeycomb array, q 1 Represents the number of columns of the polarization conversion super lens unit (21) in the honeycomb array.
5. The high power microwave polarization converting superlens antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that when the horn antenna (1) injects linearly polarized TE 01 In the time of the mode, the user can select the mode,
a is the side length of a regular hexagon, p 1 Represents the number of rows of polarization-converting superlens cells (21) in the honeycomb array, q 1 Represents the number of columns of the polarization conversion super lens unit (21) in the honeycomb array.
6. The high power microwave polarization converting superlens antenna of claim 1, wherein the first exit matching slot (216) has a slot depth of l 21 <l 2 /2。
7. The high power microwave polarization converting superlens antenna of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite satisfies 0<r 0 <r<r 1 <c/2f，0<2l 21 <l 2 <3c/2f，
0<d<2r 0 ，0<b<r 0 ，k<d，D 3 >D 2 >0，l 1 >0，D 4 >D 1 >0，t 1 >0，t2>0，s>Under the condition of 0, setting the radiation efficiency of the antenna to be more than 99 percent, and obtaining parameters a, r and r 0 、r 1 、l 1 、l 2 、l 21 、d、b、k、D 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、t 1 And t 2 The exact value of (c).
8. The high power microwave polarization conversion ultra-transparency of claim 7The mirror antenna is characterized in that s is 3-5mm, and the thickness l of the polarization conversion super lens (2) 2 Is a free space wavelength.
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