CN111578735B - Direct air-cooling condensing system and operation control method thereof - Google Patents

Direct air-cooling condensing system and operation control method thereof Download PDF

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CN111578735B
CN111578735B CN202010411786.1A CN202010411786A CN111578735B CN 111578735 B CN111578735 B CN 111578735B CN 202010411786 A CN202010411786 A CN 202010411786A CN 111578735 B CN111578735 B CN 111578735B
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temperature
cooling
condensing
row
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CN111578735A (en
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兰振江
程通锐
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Shaanxi Shengkang Engineering Construction Co.,Ltd.
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Shanxi Tairuida Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B11/00Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28BSTEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/10Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the anti-freezing level of a direct air-cooling condenser, which is used for improving the anti-freezing capacity of a direct air-cooling unit in winter, indirectly reducing the back pressure of the unit and achieving the aim of saving energy by taking the improvement of safety as a means. The direct air-cooling condensing system operation control method is characterized in that in the unit operation process, according to the air exhaust temperature, the condensing water temperature and the surface temperature of the air-cooling condensing system, on one hand, the air-cooling condensing system is roughly adjusted through the output change of the adjustable integral vacuumizing system and the independent adjustable vacuumizing system, and on the other hand, the anti-freezing reliability of the air-cooling condensing system is finely adjusted through the rotation speed change of each exhaust fan, so that the purposes of comprehensively balancing, improving the anti-freezing reliability of an air cooling island and indirectly reducing the unit operation backpressure in winter are achieved.

Description

Direct air-cooling condensing system and operation control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the anti-freezing level of a direct air-cooling condenser, which is used for improving the anti-freezing capacity of a direct air-cooling unit in winter, indirectly reducing the back pressure of the unit and achieving the aim of saving energy by taking the improvement of safety as a means.
Background
For thermal power generating units or photo-thermal power generating units built in regions with water shortage and drought, water resources are precious, so that the direct air-cooling condenser adopting air as a cooling medium is widely used. The direct air-cooling condenser, the vacuum pump and the like form a direct air-cooling condensing system, and particularly generally comprise an exhaust pipeline, a steam distribution pipe, a downstream condensing unit, a countercurrent condensing unit, an axial flow fan, a condensed water pipeline, a vacuumizing pipeline, a condensed water temperature measuring point, a vacuumizing temperature measuring point, an air cooling island surface temperature measuring cable or air cooling island surface wireless temperature sensor, a signal receiving box, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and the like. When the service life reaches a certain age limit, the tightness of the air cooling island is generally poor, the anti-freezing in winter is subject to examination, in order to solve the anti-freezing problem, the unit operation personnel generally increase the unit backpressure, and factory delivery data also stipulates that the vacuum pump is increased and the unit backpressure is improved. However, this approach is detrimental to economy, and after all, increasing the back pressure of the unit directly reduces the economy of the unit, and moreover, because some rows of air-cooled units are insensitive to temperature changes (and may have large leak points), increasing the vacuum pump and increasing the back pressure of the unit are not effective in unblocking the non-condensable gases in the single row of air-cooled units. Therefore, the existing direct air-cooling condensing system has rough extraction mode of non-condensable gas and rough factory anti-freezing control measures. This results in poor extraction. In fact, the low temperature in winter is more beneficial to reducing the back pressure and the service power, and the precondition is that the anti-freezing reliability is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a method for designing or transforming a direct air-cooling condenser so as to indirectly reduce the backpressure operation of a unit by taking the improvement of the anti-freezing reliability of an air-cooling island as a means.
The direct air-cooling condensing system is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a direct air-cooling condensing system comprises a plurality of rows of condensing units, wherein each row of condensing units comprises a plurality of cocurrent condensing units and a plurality of countercurrent condensing units; each row of condensation units is provided with an exhaust steam pipeline and a condensation water pipeline; each forward flow condensing unit and each reverse flow condensing unit are provided with an axial flow fan; arranging a temperature measuring cable or an infrared temperature measuring module on the surface of each row of condensing units; the countercurrent condensing units in each row of condensing units are connected with an air extraction pipeline; each air exhaust pipeline is provided with an air exhaust pipeline temperature measuring point, and a temperature sensor is installed at the measuring point; selecting a certain row of condensing units which have obviously poor vacuumizing temperature performance and are difficult to adjust, and independently designing the air exhaust pipelines of the selected row of condensing units to be communicated to an independent adjustable vacuumizing system; the air exhaust pipelines of the other rows of the condensing units are connected with an adjustable integral vacuum-pumping system; the fans in the condensing units in each row are controlled by a control system; the temperature measuring cable or the infrared temperature measuring module and the signal output end of the temperature sensor of the temperature measuring point of the air exhaust pipeline are also connected with the control system.
Preferably, the anti-freezing capability of each row of the air cooling island is tested, when the rotating speed of each exhaust fan is integrally reduced by a certain value, the reaction of the vacuumizing temperature or the surface temperature of the countercurrent area is observed, and a single adjustable vacuumizing system is designed for rows with slower reaction. Each row corresponds to a separate adjustable vacuum system.
Preferably, a condensation water temperature measuring point is arranged on the condensation water pipeline, and a temperature sensor is installed at the condensation water temperature measuring point; the signal output end of the temperature sensor of the condensation water temperature measuring point is connected with a control system; the fan adopts an axial flow fan.
The invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a direct air-cooling condensing system, which comprises the following steps: in the operation process of the unit, according to the air exhaust temperature, the temperature of condensed water and the surface temperature of the air-cooling condensing system, on one hand, the air-cooling condensing system is roughly adjusted through the output change of the adjustable integral vacuumizing system and the independent adjustable vacuumizing system, and on the other hand, the anti-freezing reliability of the air-cooling condensing system is finely adjusted through the rotation speed change of each exhaust fan, so that the purposes of comprehensively balancing, improving the anti-freezing reliability of an air cooling island and indirectly reducing the running backpressure of the unit in winter are achieved.
The rough adjustment is used as a preliminary adjustment step, the anti-freezing pressure of the air-cooling condenser can be reduced, particularly, the independent adjustable vacuumizing system generally corresponds to the row of air-cooling condensing units with the largest adjustment difficulty, and the difference of vacuumizing temperatures of different rows can be reduced while the rotating speed of a fan group is not changed by increasing the output of the system.
In the course of rough adjustment, in winter in severe cold weather, the stand-by pump can be started by the independent adjustable vacuumizing system and the adjustable integral vacuumizing system (the two systems are provided by themselves).
In the fine adjustment, the temperature equalization method is adopted to adjust the vacuumizing temperature of each condensation unit row: 1) the temperature of the pumped air being lower than the lower limit value Tcx1Or the surface temperature of the countercurrent zone is lower than the lower limit value Tbx2When the speed of the fan group of the downstream condensing unit is reduced; 2) the temperature of the pumped air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs1And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs2When the speed of the fan group of the downstream condensing unit is increased. 3) When the number of condensation unit rows with the temperature balance adjustment is larger than a certain number or the temperature of certain row of pumping air is lower than the lower limit value Tcx11Or lower limit value T of surface temperature of countercurrent zonebx21Increasing the set back pressure; 4) number of rows of condensing units when temperature is adjusted uniformlyLess than a certain number of meshes and the temperature of the pumped air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs12And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs22The backpressure deviation was clear 0.
The fine adjustment is to take all the downstream condensation units of each row of condensation units as objects, and achieves the purposes of adjusting the flow distribution of the exhaust steam non-condensation gas, stabilizing the vacuumizing temperature and the like by operating the rotating speed of the fan of each row of downstream condensation units. Or the fine adjustment also comprises the reduction of the rotating speed of the fan in the countercurrent region, so that the antifreezing reliability of the countercurrent region is directly improved in a manner of reducing the wind speed of the cooling wind.
The invention discloses a low back pressure design and operation method of a direct air-cooling condensing system, which achieves the purposes of balancing the anti-freezing capacity of an air cooling island, reducing the back pressure of a unit and realizing the long-term low back pressure operation of an air cooling unit in winter by additionally arranging a Roots vacuum pump capable of adjusting the output of an original vacuum pumping system and designing an independent vacuum pumping system for one or more rows of air-cooling condensing units and matching with a corresponding air cooling island fan group rotating speed control strategy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the anti-freezing reliability of the air cooling island (air-cooling condensing system) is improved, so that the safety of the air cooling island is comprehensively improved;
(2) indirectly reduce the lower limit of unit operation backpressure, improved the economic nature of unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct air-cooling condensing system according to the present invention.
The system comprises a steam exhaust pipeline, a condensation unit, a fan, an air exhaust pipeline, a condensate pipeline, an independent adjustable vacuumizing system, a controllable integral vacuumizing system, a temperature measuring cable or an infrared temperature measuring module, an air exhaust pipeline temperature measuring point, a condensate temperature measuring point, a PLC (programmable logic controller) air cooling optimization controller, a DCS (distributed control system) air cooling optimization controller, a fan rotating speed controller and a signal receiving box, wherein the 1-steam exhaust pipeline, the 2-condensation unit, the 3-fan, the 4-air exhaust pipeline, the 5-condensate pipeline, the 6-independent adjustable vacuumizing system, the 7-adjustable integral.
Detailed Description
The temperature sensors are arranged on the air extraction pipelines of the countercurrent condensation units in each row, the temperature measurement cables or the infrared temperature measurement modules are arranged on the surfaces of the rows, and the rows of air extraction pipelines are selected and designed independently and communicated to an independent adjustable vacuum-pumping system.
And then, in the running process of the unit, adjusting the air cooling island according to the air extraction temperature (measured by an air extraction pipeline temperature), the condensation water temperature (measured by a condensation water temperature point), the surface temperature of the air cooling island (measured by a temperature measuring cable or an infrared temperature measuring module) and the like.
On the one hand, when the vacuumizing temperature or the surface temperature of the countercurrent condenser obviously shows difference but is not frozen after the winter comes, the air cooling island (air cooling condensing system) is preliminarily adjusted by increasing the output of the whole vacuumizing system and the output of the single adjustable vacuumizing system, the anti-freezing pressure of the air cooling condenser is reduced, particularly, the single adjustable vacuumizing system generally corresponds to the air cooling condensing unit row with the largest adjusting difficulty, and the difference of the vacuumizing temperatures of different rows can be reduced while the rotating speed of a fan group is not changed by increasing the output of the system. On the other hand, the anti-freezing reliability of the air cooling island (air-cooled condensing system) is finely adjusted through the rotation speed change of each emptying air cooler, and the flow distribution of non-condensed gas in each row of the air cooling island is changed through single-row rotation speed adjustment of the air cooling island. Specifically, when the temperature drops to a certain value, a temperature equalization method is adopted for single-row adjustment: 1) the temperature of the pumped air being lower than the lower limit value Tcx1Or the surface temperature of the countercurrent zone is lower than the lower limit value Tbx2When the speed of the row of the downstream condensing fan group is reduced; 2) the temperature of the pumped air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs1And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs2Increasing the wind speed of the downstream condensing fan group; 3) when the number of rows with temperature equalization adjustment is larger than a certain number or the temperature of certain row of pumping air is lower than the lower limit value Tcx11Or lower limit value T of surface temperature of countercurrent zonebx21Increasing the set back pressure; 4) when the number of the rows with the temperature equilibrium adjustment is less than a certain number and the temperature of the extracted air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs12And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs22The backpressure deviation was clear 0. The parameter threshold values are set according to actual operation conditions.
Preferably, the integral vacuum-pumping system or the small vacuum-pumping system which is designed independently adopts a scheme of adjustable output, such as the combination of an adjustable Roots vacuum pump and a water ring vacuum pump which is difficult to adjust. The non-condensable gas in the air cooling condensation unit row which is difficult to effectively adjust flows into the atmosphere more smoothly by starting the independent adjustable vacuum pumping system and adjusting the output force.
Preferably, the fan group rotation speed is adjusted for each row of the air cooling island by taking the row as a unit.
Preferably, the limit of the rotation speed of the fan group is adjusted, and the speed is limited.
Preferably, the control system is implemented by combining a Distributed Control System (DCS) and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). In specific implementation, the control system comprises a PLC air-cooling optimization controller 11, a DCS air-cooling optimization controller 12, a fan rotating speed controller 13 and a signal receiving box 14 for receiving temperature information; the signal output end of the signal receiving box 14 is connected with the PLC air-cooling optimization controller 11, the signal output end of the PLC air-cooling optimization controller 11 is connected with the signal input end of the DCS air-cooling optimization controller 12, the signal output end of the DCS air-cooling optimization controller 12 is connected with the signal input end of the fan rotating speed controller 13, and the fan rotating speed controller 13 is connected with the axial flow fans of the condensing units 2 in each row).
Referring to fig. 1, an adjustable vacuum pumping system is installed on an overall vacuum pumping main pipe of an air cooling island (air-cooled condensing system), the adjustable vacuum pumping system generally works by combining a roots vacuum pump and a water ring vacuum pump, a small adjustable vacuum pumping system is independently installed on a vacuum pumping pipeline of an air cooling condensing unit row which has insensitive air cooling island vacuum pumping temperature to fan rotating speed adjustment, the small adjustable vacuum pumping system generally works by combining the roots vacuum pump and the water ring vacuum pump, and both the two adjustable vacuum pumping systems have spare vacuum pumping equipment.
As shown in figure 1, a large number of wireless infrared temperature measurement sensors or temperature measurement cables are mounted on the surface of an air cooling island, a signal receiving box 14 is mounted at the head of each row of the air cooling island, the signal receiving boxes convert temperature signals into 485 signals, the 485 temperature signals are transmitted to a PLC (programmable logic controller), meanwhile, the PLC also obtains signals of unit load, atmospheric temperature, vacuum temperature, condensate temperature and the like from a DCS, the PLC outputs an anti-freezing control instruction to the DCS through signals comprehensively input by the PLC, and the DCS transmits the instruction to a fan rotating speed adjusting device.
As shown in fig. 1, rough adjustment of the surface temperature of the air cooling island is realized by adjusting the output of a vacuum pumping device consisting of an air cooling island integral adjustable vacuum pumping system and a single-row independent small-sized adjustable vacuum pumping system, and then fine adjustment of the surface temperature of the air cooling island is realized on the basis of the cooperation of the two methods by adjusting an air cooling island surface temperature coordination optimization control system consisting of an air cooling island surface temperature measurement system, an air cooling island self-contained temperature measurement system, a PLC air cooling anti-freezing controller, a DCS air cooling optimization controller, a fan rotating speed adjusting device and the like, so that the purpose of low-backpressure non-freezing operation of the air cooling island is finally realized.
In specific use, the following matching modes can be adopted: 1) for the situation that a certain evacuation condensing unit has obvious leakage points or has larger leakage points but is difficult to find, a single adjustable vacuumizing system is designed; 2) for a machine set with good vacuumizing capability, if the anti-freezing pressure in winter is not too large, a scheme of increasing standby vacuum and performing anti-freezing fine adjustment can be adopted; 3) for a unit with good vacuumizing capability, if the frost-proof pressure in winter is high and the economy of the unit is obviously influenced, the scheme of integrated water-ring vacuum pump-roots vacuum pump combined work and fine frost-proof adjustment can be adopted; 4) for the unit with good vacuum pumping capacity, if the anti-freezing pressure in winter is not too large, the scheme of adopting the integrated water ring vacuum pump-roots vacuum pump to work jointly can be considered.

Claims (9)

1. A direct air-cooling condensing system comprises a plurality of rows of condensing units (2), wherein each row of condensing units (2) comprises a plurality of cocurrent condensing units and a plurality of countercurrent condensing units; each row of condensation units (2) is provided with a steam exhaust pipeline (1) and a condensation water pipeline (5); each concurrent condensation unit and each countercurrent condensation unit are provided with a fan (3); temperature measuring cables or infrared temperature measuring modules (8) are arranged on the surfaces of the rows of condensing units (2); the countercurrent condensing units in each row of condensing units (2) are connected with an air extraction pipeline (4); each air exhaust pipeline (4) is provided with an air exhaust pipeline temperature measuring point (9) which is provided with a temperature sensor; the method is characterized in that a certain row of condensing units (2) which are obviously poor in vacuumizing temperature performance and difficult to adjust are selected, and air exhaust pipelines (4) of the selected row of condensing units (2) are independently designed and communicated to an independent adjustable vacuumizing system (6); the air exhaust pipelines (4) of the other rows of the condensing units (2) are connected with an adjustable integral vacuum-pumping system (7) together; the fans (3) in the condensing units (2) in each row are controlled by a control system; the signal output ends of the temperature sensors of the temperature measuring cable or infrared temperature measuring module (8) and the temperature measuring point (9) of the air exhaust pipeline are also connected with the control system.
2. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 1, characterized in that: a condensate temperature measuring point (10) is arranged on the condensate pipeline (5), and a temperature sensor is arranged on the condensate temperature measuring point (10); the signal output end of a temperature sensor of the condensation water temperature measuring point (10) is connected with a control system; the fan (3) adopts an axial flow fan.
3. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 2, characterized in that: the independent adjustable vacuum-pumping system (6) and the adjustable integral vacuum-pumping system (7) are both provided with a Roots vacuum pump on the basis of a water ring vacuum pump, so that the combined work of the two devices can achieve the purpose of adjustable output.
4. The direct air-cooling condensing system of claim 3, characterized in that: the control system comprises a PLC air-cooling optimization controller (11), a DCS air-cooling optimization controller (12), a fan rotating speed controller (13) and a signal receiving box (14) for receiving temperature information; the signal output end of the signal receiving box (14) is connected with the PLC air-cooling optimization controller (11), the signal output end of the PLC air-cooling optimization controller (11) is connected with the signal input end of the DCS air-cooling optimization controller (12), the signal output end of the DCS air-cooling optimization controller (12) is connected with the signal input end of the fan rotating speed controller (13), and the fan rotating speed controller (13) is connected with the fans (3) of the condensing units (2) in each row.
5. A method for controlling the operation of a direct air-cooling condensing system is realized by the system of any one of claims 2 to 4, and is characterized in that: in the running process of the unit, according to the air exhaust temperature, the temperature of condensed water and the surface temperature of the air-cooling condensing system, on one hand, the air-cooling condensing system is roughly adjusted through the output change of the adjustable integral vacuumizing system and the independent adjustable vacuumizing system, and on the other hand, the anti-freezing reliability of the air-cooling condensing system is finely adjusted through the rotation speed change of each exhaust fan, so that the purposes of comprehensively balancing, improving the anti-freezing reliability of an air cooling island and indirectly reducing the running back pressure of the unit in winter are realized;
the fine adjustment is performed by taking all the downstream condensation units of each row of condensation units as objects, and the purposes of adjusting the flow distribution of the exhaust steam non-condensation gas, stabilizing the vacuumizing temperature and the like are achieved by operating the rotating speed of the fan of each row of downstream condensation units; or the rotating speed of the fan in the countercurrent region is reduced, so that the anti-freezing reliability of the countercurrent region is directly improved in a mode of reducing the wind speed of cooling wind.
6. The operation control method of the direct air-cooling condensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rough adjustment is that in winter severe cold weather, the stand-by pump can be started by the independent adjustable vacuum-pumping system (6) and the adjustable integral vacuum-pumping system (7).
7. The operation control method of the direct air-cooling condensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rough adjustment is that the unit operates in a mode of setting back pressure in winter severe cold weather.
8. The operation control method of the direct air-cooling condensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: in fine adjustment, temperature equalization method is adopted for each coagulationAnd (3) adjusting the vacuumizing temperature of the junction unit row: 1) the temperature of the pumped air being lower than the lower limit value Tcx1Or the surface temperature of the countercurrent zone is lower than the lower limit value Tbx2When the speed of the fan group of the downstream condensing unit is reduced; 2) the temperature of the pumped air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs1And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs2When the speed of the fan group of the downstream condensing unit is increased.
9. The operation control method of the direct air-cooling condensing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: 3) when the number of condensation unit rows with the temperature balance adjustment is larger than a certain number or the temperature of certain row of pumping air is lower than the lower limit value Tcx11Or lower limit value T of surface temperature of countercurrent zonebx21Increasing the set back pressure; 4) when the number of the condensation unit rows with the temperature equilibrium adjustment is less than a certain number and the temperature of the pumped air is higher than the upper limit value Tcs12And the upper limit value T of the surface temperature of the countercurrent zonebs22The backpressure deviation was clear 0.
CN202010411786.1A 2020-05-15 2020-05-15 Direct air-cooling condensing system and operation control method thereof Active CN111578735B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203083388U (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-07-24 河南省电力勘测设计院 System for improving vacuum-pumping efficiency of double backpressure condensers
CN104533545A (en) * 2014-12-27 2015-04-22 西安热工研究院有限公司 Novel air cooling system
CN106225501B (en) * 2016-08-31 2019-01-04 华能白山煤矸石发电有限公司 A kind of Freezing of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser Unit system and method
CN109141055A (en) * 2018-08-08 2019-01-04 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司西北分公司 It is a kind of can uniform heat exchange direct air cooling system
CN110645809B (en) * 2019-10-23 2024-04-19 国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Vacuum pumping system for ultralow back pressure operation of direct air cooling unit

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