CN111578513A - Low-pollution electric arc heater - Google Patents
Low-pollution electric arc heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN111578513A CN111578513A CN202010449089.5A CN202010449089A CN111578513A CN 111578513 A CN111578513 A CN 111578513A CN 202010449089 A CN202010449089 A CN 202010449089A CN 111578513 A CN111578513 A CN 111578513A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G7/00—Simulating cosmonautic conditions, e.g. for conditioning crews
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
- F24H9/2071—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using electrical energy supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
- F24H2250/10—Electrodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-pollution electric arc heater, which comprises a cathode, an anode, an electric arc, an insulating block, a mixing chamber and a spray pipe, wherein two ends of the electric arc are respectively arranged in the cathode and the anode, the insulating block is fixedly connected between the cathode and the anode, the mixing chamber is fixedly connected at the outlet end of the anode, the spray pipe is fixedly connected at the outlet end of the mixing chamber, nitrogen is introduced into the cathode, air is introduced at the connecting end of the cathode and the anode, nitrogen is introduced into the anode, and oxygen is introduced into the mixing chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hypersonic aircraft test equipment, in particular to a low-pollution electric arc heater.
Background
The electric arc heater is an important ground facility for carrying out a simulation test of the thermal environment of the hypersonic aircraft, and the electric arc heater adopts electric arc discharge to heat air to form a high-temperature high-speed flow field for testing. When air is heated, nitrogen and oxygen in the air are dissociated to generate oxynitride, and the existence of oxynitride causes the test medium to deviate from the real air component during simulated flight, thereby bringing certain influence on engine combustion and thrust characteristic tests with strict requirements on gas media. It is believed that the presence of the oxynitride reduces the oxygen content of the test medium, thereby causing a reduction in the heat release from the combustion reaction. In addition, the electrode of the arc heater is made of copper, the burning loss of the arc root to the electrode can cause the copper to enter a flow field, and the impurity content of the copper has great influence on the test airflow.
For example, in the existing arc heater with 320KW of input power, only after air is introduced, the content of nitrogen oxides generated is 10% and the content of copper is 195ppm without installing a mixing chamber, and both the content indexes are high.
Therefore, in response to the above deficiencies, it is desirable to provide a low contamination arc heater.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of copper pollution and over-high content of oxynitride caused by burning loss of an electrode of an electric arc heater.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a low-pollution electric arc heater which comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electric arc, an insulating block, a mixing chamber and a spray pipe, wherein two ends of the electric arc are respectively arranged in the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the insulating block is fixedly connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the mixing chamber is fixedly connected at the outlet end of the positive electrode, the spray pipe is fixedly connected at the outlet end of the mixing chamber, nitrogen is introduced into the negative electrode, air is introduced at the connecting end of the negative electrode and the positive electrode, nitrogen is introduced into the positive electrode, and oxygen is introduced into the mixing chamber.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc heats the nitrogen to a high temperature of tens of thousands of degrees, and although the nitrogen is dissociated, a large amount of nitrogen oxide does not exist in the gas flow because oxygen molecules do not exist locally. In order to match the components of the test medium, oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the middle of the electric arc heater and enters a downstream air mixing chamber with high-temperature air flow to be fully mixed for testing, so that the proportion of the oxygen and nitrogen components in the air flow is kept unchanged. Under the protection of nitrogen, the electrode reduces the oxidation burning loss of copper and the content of copper in a test medium. Therefore, the nitrogen and oxygen-enriched air operation mode not only reduces the content of nitrogen oxides, but also reduces the content of copper, and has an important effect on improving the purity of the test simulation medium.
As a further description of the present invention, it is preferable that four inclined cathode air holes are provided on the cathode at intervals along the tube wall, nitrogen is introduced into the cathode air holes, and the cathode air holes are located at the upstream of the arc root.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc root is covered when the nitrogen flows from upstream to downstream, and the oxidation of copper and the generation of oxynitride are reduced by protecting the electrode.
As a further explanation of the invention, the aperture of the negative electrode air hole is preferably 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the negative electrode air hole and the axis of the negative electrode is preferably 45 degrees.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the tangential hole of admitting air is rotatory to be introduced nitrogen gas and can not arouse the axial unstability of arc root, can also guarantee that the nitrogen gas supply in the electric arc heater is sufficient.
As a further description of the present invention, preferably, the connection end of the cathode and the anode is provided with an arc chamber, the inner diameters of the arc chamber are both larger than those of the cathode and the anode, the arc chamber is provided with four inclined arc chamber air holes at intervals along the tube wall, air is introduced into the arc chamber air holes and oxygen is additionally mixed into the arc chamber air holes, and the arc chamber air holes are located in the middle of the arc and are not in contact with the arc.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc chamber introduces oxygen-enriched air to ensure the real air component content of the test airflow.
As a further explanation of the invention, the aperture of the arc chamber air hole is preferably 0.5-1 mm, the included angle between the axis of the arc chamber air hole and the axis of the anode is 45 degrees, and the gas flow in the arc chamber air hole is 14-20 g/s.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tangential air inlet small hole leads air into the air cyclone in a rotating way, so that the axial instability of the arc root can not be caused, and the arc oxidation caused by overhigh oxygen content can be avoided.
As a further description of the present invention, preferably, four inclined anode air holes are spaced along the tube wall on the anode, nitrogen is introduced into the anode air holes, and the anode air holes are located at the upstream of the arc root.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc root at the anode can be protected from being oxidized, and the effect of protecting the electrode is achieved.
As a further explanation of the invention, the aperture of the positive electrode air hole is preferably 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the positive electrode air hole and the axis of the positive electrode is preferably 60 degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme, nitrogen forms cyclone and can be uniformly mixed into air flow, and the components in each part of the air are ensured to be uniform in content.
As a further explanation of the invention, preferably, six inclined mixing chamber air holes are arranged on the mixing chamber at intervals along the pipe wall, oxygen is introduced into the mixing chamber air holes, the aperture of the mixing chamber air holes is 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the mixing chamber air holes and the axis of the mixing chamber is 45 degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mixing chamber is arranged and mixed with cold air or oxygen-enriched air to enter the components, temperature, pressure, uniformity and the like of the regulated air flow, so that the content of nitrogen oxides in the gas discharged by the arc heater is further reduced.
As a further explanation of the present invention, it is preferable that a flow meter, a pressure regulating valve, and a stop valve are connected to the outside of the negative electrode air hole, the arc chamber air hole, the positive electrode air hole, and the mixing chamber air hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, make flow, the pressure of each trachea branch road adjust respectively to make electric arc heater gas can adjust according to actual need, improve electric arc heater's suitability.
As a further description of the present invention, preferably, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode coil and a negative electrode coil, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode coil and a positive electrode coil, the negative electrode and the positive electrode are both in a metal circular tube shape, arc roots at two ends of the arc are respectively abutted against an inner wall of the negative electrode and an inner wall of the positive electrode, the negative electrode coil is fixedly connected outside a contact end of the arc root and the negative electrode, and the positive electrode coil is fixedly connected outside a contact end of the arc root and the positive electrode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coil with magnetic force is arranged to control the arc root of the electric arc to rotate, so that the burning loss of the electric arc can be effectively reduced.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can protect the arc root from being oxidized, reduce the copper content in the air flow, and ensure the proportion of the oxygen and nitrogen components in the air flow to be unchanged by respectively introducing nitrogen and oxygen-enriched air into each part of the arc heater, thereby having important function for improving the purity of the test simulation medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the negative electrode pore of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a negative electrode; 11. a negative electrode; 12. a negative pole coil; 13. a negative electrode air hole; 2. a positive electrode; 21. a positive electrode; 22. a positive electrode coil; 23. an arc chamber; 24. an arc chamber air hole; 25. a positive electrode air hole; 3. an electric arc; 4. an insulating block; 5. a mixing chamber; 51. a mixing chamber vent; 6. and (4) a spray pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
A low pollution electric arc heater combines with figure 1 and figure 2, and comprises a cathode 1, an anode 2, an electric arc 3, an insulating block 4, a mixing chamber 5 and a spray pipe 6, wherein the anode 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the cathode 1, two ends of the electric arc 3 are respectively arranged in the cathode 1 and the anode 2, the insulating block 4 is fixedly connected between the cathode 1 and the anode 2, the mixing chamber 5 is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the anode 2, and the spray pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the mixing chamber 5.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the negative electrode 1 includes a negative electrode 11 and a negative coil 12, the positive electrode 2 includes a positive electrode 21 and a positive coil 22, the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 21 are both in a metal round tube shape, the arc 3 is a copper bent rod, arc roots at two ends of the arc 3 are respectively abutted against the inner wall of the negative electrode 11 and the inner wall of the positive electrode 21, the negative coil 12 is fixedly connected outside the contact end of the arc 3 and the negative electrode 11, the positive coil 22 is fixedly connected outside the contact end of the arc 3 and the positive electrode 21, and a coil with magnetic force is arranged to control the rotation of the arc roots of the arc 3, so that the burning loss of the arc 3 can be.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, four inclined negative air holes 13 are arranged on the negative electrode 11 at intervals along the tube wall, the aperture of each negative air hole 13 is 1-1.5 mm, the included angle between the axis of each negative air hole 13 and the axis of the negative electrode 11 is 45 degrees, nitrogen is introduced into each negative air hole 13, the gas flow in each negative air hole 13 is 4-8 g/s, each negative air hole 13 is located at the upstream of 3 arc roots of the electric arc, the nitrogen covers the 3 arc roots of the electric arc when flowing from the upstream to the downstream, the protection electrode reduces the oxidation of copper and the generation of oxynitride, meanwhile, the negative air holes 13 flowing in the tangential direction can not cause the axial instability of the arc roots by introducing the nitrogen in a rotating manner, and the sufficient.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an arc chamber 23 is arranged at the connecting end of the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 21, the inner diameter of the arc chamber 23 is larger than that of the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 21, the arc chamber 23 is used for spacing the positive electrode and the negative electrode, four inclined arc chamber air holes 24 are arranged at intervals along the tube wall of the arc chamber 23, the aperture of each arc chamber air hole 24 is 0.5-1 mm, the structure of each arc chamber air hole 24 is the same as that of the negative electrode air hole 13, the included angle between the axis of each arc chamber air hole 24 and the axis of the positive electrode 21 is 45 degrees, air is introduced into each arc chamber air hole 24 and is additionally mixed with oxygen, the air flow in each arc chamber air hole 24 is 14-20 g/s, the flow of the mixed oxygen is 6-8 g/s, each arc chamber air hole 24 is positioned in the middle of the arc 3 and is not in contact with the arc 3, the oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the, it is also possible to avoid oxidation of the arc 3 caused by too high an oxygen content.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, four inclined positive air holes 25 are arranged on the positive electrode 21 at intervals along the tube wall, the aperture of each positive air hole 25 is 1-1.5 mm, the structure of each positive air hole 25 is the same as that of each negative air hole 13, the included angle between the axis of each positive air hole 25 and the axis of the positive electrode 21 is 60 degrees, nitrogen is introduced into each positive air hole 25, each positive air hole 25 is positioned at the upstream of an arc 3, the gas flow in each positive air hole 25 is 4-8 g/s, the arc at the position of the positive electrode 21 can be protected from being oxidized by introducing the nitrogen, the function of protecting the electrode is achieved, the inclination of each positive air hole 25 can enable the nitrogen to form a cyclone, the cyclone can be uniformly mixed into the gas flow.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, six inclined mixing chamber air holes 51 are formed in the mixing chamber 5 at intervals along the pipe wall, oxygen is introduced into the mixing chamber air holes 51, the aperture of each mixing chamber air hole 51 is 1-1.5 mm, the structure of each mixing chamber air hole 51 is the same as that of the negative electrode air hole 13, the included angle between the axis of each mixing chamber air hole 51 and the axis of the mixing chamber 5 is 45 degrees, the gas flow in each mixing chamber air hole is not higher than 2g/s, the mixing chamber 5 is arranged, cold air or oxygen-enriched air is mixed into the mixing chamber air holes, the components, the temperature, the pressure, the uniformity and the like of the air flow are adjusted, and the content of nitrogen. The negative air hole 13, the arc chamber air hole 24, the positive air hole 25 and the mixing chamber air hole 51 are externally connected with a flowmeter, a pressure regulating valve and a stop valve, so that the flow and the pressure of each air pipe branch can be respectively regulated, the gas discharged by the electric arc heater can be regulated according to actual requirements, and the applicability of the electric arc heater is improved.
In summary, the present invention adopts the negative electrode air hole 13 with a diameter of 1mm, the arc chamber air hole 24 with a gas flow rate of 4g/s and a diameter of 0.5mm, the air gas flow rate of 16g/s, the oxygen gas flow rate of 6.7g/s, the positive electrode air hole 25 with a diameter of 0.5mm, and the gas flow rate of 6g/s (the outlet end of the arc heater is not connected with the mixing chamber 5 and the nozzle 6 because of the test requirement), and the TDLAS measuring system is adopted to test the same nitrogen oxide, the arc 3 heats the nitrogen to a high temperature of over ten thousand degrees, although the nitrogen is dissociated, because the local part has no oxygen molecules, a large amount of nitrogen oxide does not exist in the air flow. In order to match the components of the test medium, oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the middle of the electric arc heater and enters a downstream air mixing chamber with high-temperature air flow to be fully mixed for testing, so that the proportion of the oxygen and nitrogen components in the air flow is kept unchanged. Under the protection of nitrogen, the electrode reduces the oxidation burning loss of copper and the content of copper in a test medium. Thus, the nitrogen + oxygen-enriched air mode of operation not only reduces the nitrogen oxides content, but also reduces the copper content. Make electric arc heater's input power also 320KW simultaneously, under this state, the oxynitrides of heating air current is about 6%, and the content of copper is 75ppm, compares current electric arc heater, and greatly reduced two contents have important effect to improving the purity of experimental simulation medium.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low contamination arc heater, comprising: including negative pole (1), anodal (2), electric arc (3), insulating block (4), mixing chamber (5) and spray tube (6), negative pole (1) and anodal (2) are put into respectively to electric arc (3) both ends, insulating block (4) link firmly between negative pole (1) and anodal (2), mixing chamber (5) link firmly at anodal (2) exit end, spray tube (6) link firmly at mixing chamber (5) exit end, wherein negative pole (1) expert has nitrogen gas, negative pole (1) and anodal (2) link end department expert have the air, anodal (2) expert has nitrogen gas, mixing chamber (5) expert has oxygen.
2. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 1, wherein: four inclined negative air holes (13) are formed in the negative electrode (1) at intervals along the tube wall, nitrogen is introduced into the negative air holes (13), and the negative air holes (13) are located at the upstream of the arc root of the electric arc (3).
3. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 2, wherein: the aperture of the negative electrode air hole (13) is 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the negative electrode air hole (13) and the axis of the negative electrode (1) is 45 degrees.
4. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the negative pole (1) and anodal (2) link are equipped with arc room (23), and arc room (23) internal diameter all is greater than negative pole (1) and anodal (2) internal diameter, and arc room (23) are followed the pipe wall interval and are seted up arc room gas pocket (24) of four slopes, and the air has been led to in arc room gas pocket (24) to extra sneak into oxygen, arc room gas pocket (24) are located electric arc (3) middle part and do not contact with electric arc (3).
5. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 4, wherein: the aperture of the arc chamber air hole (24) is 0.5-1 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the arc chamber air hole (24) and the axis of the anode (2) is 45 degrees.
6. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 5, wherein: four inclined anode air holes (25) are formed in the anode (2) at intervals along the pipe wall, nitrogen is introduced into the anode air holes (25), and the anode air holes (25) are located on the upstream of the arc root of the electric arc (3).
7. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 6, wherein: the aperture of the anode air hole (25) is 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of the anode air hole (25) and the axis of the anode (2) is 60 degrees.
8. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 7, wherein: six inclined mixing chamber air holes (51) are formed in the mixing chamber (5) at intervals along the pipe wall, oxygen is introduced into the mixing chamber air holes (51), the aperture of each mixing chamber air hole (51) is 1-1.5 mm, and the included angle between the axis of each mixing chamber air hole (51) and the axis of each mixing chamber (5) is 45 degrees.
9. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 8, wherein: the negative air hole (13), the arc chamber air hole (24), the positive air hole (25) and the mixing chamber air hole (51) are externally connected with a flowmeter, a pressure regulating valve and a stop valve.
10. A low contamination arc heater in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the negative pole (1) comprises a negative pole (11) and a negative coil (12), the positive pole (2) comprises a positive pole (21) and a positive coil (22), the negative pole (11) and the positive pole (21) are both in a metal round tube shape, arc roots at two ends of the electric arc (3) are respectively abutted to the inner wall of the negative pole (11) and the inner wall of the positive pole (21), the negative coil (12) is fixedly connected outside the contact end of the arc roots of the electric arc (3) and the negative pole (11), and the positive coil (22) is fixedly connected outside the contact end of the arc roots of the electric arc (3) and the positive pole (21).
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| CN202010449089.5A CN111578513B (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Low-pollution electric arc heater |
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| CN202010449089.5A CN111578513B (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Low-pollution electric arc heater |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113928602A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-14 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Device and method for measuring enthalpy value of special test medium in arc heating test |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111578513B (en) | 2021-02-05 |
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