CN111577234A - Pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device and horizontal well volume fracturing method - Google Patents
Pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device and horizontal well volume fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111577234A CN111577234A CN202010507056.1A CN202010507056A CN111577234A CN 111577234 A CN111577234 A CN 111577234A CN 202010507056 A CN202010507056 A CN 202010507056A CN 111577234 A CN111577234 A CN 111577234A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploitation, in particular to a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device and a horizontal well volume fracturing method, wherein the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device comprises a continuous oil pipe, and a connector, a motor head assembly, a centralizer, a pulse tool capable of generating high-pressure fluid, an ejector, a positioner and a guide shoe are sequentially connected to the horizontal section of the continuous oil pipe; the latter comprises the following steps: (1) and (4) descending a drill hole and determining the position of the perforation. The invention has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, can be quickly assembled and disassembled by the arrangement, can reduce the construction cost, can generate pulse fluid by a pulse tool, can improve the perforation efficiency in the volume fracturing process by the pulse fluid through the nozzle, enhances the generation of micro cracks in the perforation holes, can realize the energization in the perforation holes, quickly starts the stratum, reduces the construction pressure, and solves the problem that the traditional volume fracturing transformation process has a relatively limited method for transforming the target interval when the fracture pressure of the stratum is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploitation, in particular to a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device and a horizontal well volume fracturing method.
Background
With the popularization and the application of the coiled tubing downhole operation technology, more and more coiled tubing is applied to the downhole operation site of an oil and gas field, however, with the wide application of the operation technology, the process parameters in the stable fluid flow state are more and more difficult to meet the requirement of site fine operation, wherein the low utilization rate of the fluid pressure energy of a surface pump is one of important reasons, and the increase of the downhole hydraulic energy or the improvement of the utilization rate is of great significance for improving the operation efficiency and the effect. At present, the main mode for generating the pulse pressure of the fluid at the bottom of the well is to realize the flow resistance change or the periodic vibration of the fluid at the bottom of the well by using a special structure, but the problem of unreasonable bottom hydraulic energy matching cannot be fully solved, and the continuous oil pipe cannot fracture the stratum due to high stratum fracture pressure in the volume fracturing operation process of the horizontal well. Because of the influence factors such as the strength of the coiled tubing, the internal pressure resistance of the casing, the pressure bearing grade of a wellhead device, the on-way friction resistance in the large-discharge annulus fracturing process, the limitation of construction equipment and the like, once the formation fracture pressure is higher, the traditional volume fracturing transformation method is relatively limited, and meanwhile, the ejector is not accurately positioned, and the pulse fluid cannot be injected into a target formation through the ejector, so that the fracturing effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device and a horizontal well volume fracturing method, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems of unreasonable bottom hole hydraulic energy matching, inaccurate ejector positioning and limitation of the traditional volume fracturing method.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is realized by the following measures: the utility model provides a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing unit, includes coiled tubing, has connected gradually connector, motor head assembly, centralizer, can generate high-pressure fluid's pulse instrument, sprayer, locator and guide shoe on coiled tubing's horizontal segment, connector, motor head assembly, centralizer, pulse instrument, sprayer, the connected mode between locator and the guide shoe be the screw thread and connect, the sprayer outside has a plurality of nozzle along circumference interval equipartition.
The following is a further optimization or/and improvement of one of the above-mentioned technical solutions of the invention:
the pulse tool can comprise an upper connector, an outer barrel and an inner core, wherein the outer barrel is in a circular sleeve shape arranged from bottom to top, a limiting ring table is arranged on the inner side of the right part of the outer barrel, the upper connector with the left end positioned on the left side of the outer barrel is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left part of the outer barrel, the outer side of the right part of the centralizer is in threaded connection with the inner side of the upper connector, the inner side of the outer barrel corresponding to the position between the limiting ring table and the upper connector is provided with the inner core, a high-pressure pulse generation flow passage is arranged in the inner core, the high-pressure pulse generation flow passage comprises a jet flow generation flow passage, a water outlet cavity, a water outlet hole, a lower annular passage, a lower water outlet passage, an upper annular passage, an upper water outlet passage, a lower feedback passage, a lower passage, an upper passage and an upper feedback passage, the inner side of the inner core is provided with a jet flow generation flow passage, the jet flow, the front side and the rear side of the right part of the inner core are respectively provided with a water outlet hole communicated with the front side and the rear side of the middle part of the water outlet cavity, each water outlet hole is communicated with the inner side of the right part of the outer barrel, the inner side of the middle part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the jet flow generating channel and the water outlet cavity is provided with an upper channel and a lower channel at intervals up and down, the inner side of the lower part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the lower channel and the water outlet cavity is provided with a lower annular channel, the central axis of the lower annular channel is in the front-back direction, the right side of the lower part of the lower annular channel is communicated with the left side of the lower part of the water outlet cavity through a lower water outlet channel, the left side of the upper part of the lower annular channel is communicated with the right; inner core upper portion inboard that corresponds lower annular channel left side position is equipped with annular channel, go up annular channel's the central axis and be the fore-and-aft direction, go up annular channel upper portion right side and go out water chamber upper portion left side and be linked together through last water outlet channel, go up annular channel lower part left side and efflux generation channel upper portion right-hand member and be linked together through last passageway, the inner core upper portion that corresponds upper channel top position is equipped with feedback channel, it is linked together through last feedback channel with efflux generation channel middle part upside to go up annular channel upper portion left side.
The jet flow generation flow channel can comprise a contraction channel, a flow guide channel, an injection channel and a jet flow channel which are sequentially communicated from left to right, wherein the inner core left inner side corresponding to the outlet position of the upper joint is provided with the contraction channel which is communicated with the contraction channel and is in a conical shape with a large left side and a small right side, the right end of the contraction channel is provided with the flow guide channel which is communicated with the contraction channel, the right end of the flow guide channel is provided with the injection channel which is communicated with the flow guide channel, the lower side and the upper side of the middle part of the injection channel are respectively provided with a lower feedback outlet and an upper feedback outlet, the lower feedback channel is communicated with the injection channel through the lower feedback outlet, the upper feedback channel is communicated with the injection channel through the upper feedback outlet, the right end of the injection channel is provided with the jet.
The lower channel can comprise a lower horizontal section and a lower inclined section which are sequentially communicated together from left to right, the left side of the lower part and the left side of the upper part of the lower annular channel are respectively provided with a lower feedback inlet and a lower jet outlet, the left end of the lower horizontal section is communicated with the lower jet inlet, the right end of the lower inclined section is communicated with the lower jet outlet, the lower inclined section is inclined in a left-low-right high shape, the right side of the inner wall of the lower inclined section is tangent to the corresponding position of the left side of the upper part of the inner wall of the lower annular channel, and the lower feedback inlet is communicated with the lower feedback outlet; the upper channel comprises an upper horizontal section and an upper inclined section which are sequentially communicated from left to right, an upper jet outlet and an upper feedback inlet are respectively arranged on the left side of the lower part of the upper annular channel and the left side of the upper part of the upper annular channel, the left end of the upper horizontal section is communicated with the upper jet inlet, the right end of the upper inclined section is communicated with the upper jet outlet, the upper inclined section is inclined in a left-high-right-low shape and the right side of the inner wall of the upper inclined section is tangent to the corresponding position of the left side of the lower part of the inner wall of the upper annular channel, and the.
The cross sections of the contraction channel, the flow guide channel, the injection channel, the jet flow channel, the lower annular channel, the lower water outlet channel, the upper annular channel, the upper water outlet channel, the lower feedback channel, the lower horizontal section, the lower inclined section, the upper horizontal section, the upper inclined section and the upper feedback channel in the direction perpendicular to the flow velocity of the fluid can be rectangular.
The inner core can comprise a front inner core and a rear inner core which are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged, a front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and a rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel which are identical in structure are respectively arranged in the center of the rear side of the front inner core and the center of the front side of the rear inner core, and the front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and the rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel form a high-voltage pulse generation flow channel.
The pulse tool can further comprise a connecting bolt, the corresponding jet flow generation channel, the lower annular channel, the lower water outlet channel, the water outlet cavity, the upper water outlet channel, the front inner core middle part and the rear inner core middle part of the position between the upper annular channel and the upper channel respectively form the front splitter and the rear splitter, the front splitter and the rear splitter are arranged on the rear side of the front splitter at intervals and are provided with two front and rear through front and rear connecting screw holes, the rear splitter and the front side corresponding to each front connecting hole position are respectively provided with a rear connecting screw hole which is communicated with the front and rear, each front connecting screw hole is internally provided with a connecting bolt, the rear end of each front connecting bolt is positioned in the corresponding position rear connecting screw hole, and the front inner.
The right part of the outer barrel corresponding to the outer side position of the limit ring table can be fixed with a round table with a large top and a small bottom, the outer side of the round table is provided with a connecting thread, and the inner side of the left part of the ejector is in threaded connection with the outer side of the round table.
The second technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a horizontal well volume fracturing method using the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling and determining the perforation position: the coiled tubing and the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device are put into a well section below a specified perforation depth position through ground equipment, the depth is displayed according to signal indication of a positioner and ground counting, and the coiled tubing is lifted to a perforation point;
(2) pulse-assisted perforation: pumping liquid into an injection hole in the coiled tubing, slowly adjusting the displacement, and starting sand adding and perforating when the amount of the liquid pumped is equal to the inner volume of the coiled tubing; when the sand-carrying fluid flows into the pulse tool through the coiled tubing, the connector, the motor head assembly and the centralizer, pulse fluid is formed, and after the pulse fluid enters the ejector in a liquid impact wave form, high-pressure pulse fluid is further formed to impact the sand-carrying fluid jet flow through the nozzle, so that the inner wall of the casing pipe is eroded until the casing pipe, the cement sheath and the stratum are penetrated;
(3) pulse-assisted fracturing of the pay zone: continuously maintaining the liquid pumping in the continuous oil pipe, pumping fracturing fluid from the annulus of the sleeve, slowly adjusting the annulus and the discharge capacity in the sleeve, and enabling the annulus liquid to enter the perforation hole; simultaneously, liquid in the pipe is subjected to pulse energization through a pulse tool, and the energized liquid is transmitted into the perforation holes in a high-pressure pulse wave form through the nozzle; when the pressure applied to the surface unit area of the rock inside the perforation hole exceeds the yield pressure limit, the rock begins to break;
(4) pulse assisted fracturing: continuously injecting sand-carrying liquid into the annular pump and fracturing liquid into the pipe by a pump, wherein the sand-carrying liquid enters the inside of the perforation hole, and the fracturing liquid pumped from the inside of the continuous oil pipe passes through a pulse tool and a nozzle of a jetting tool to form high-pressure pulse impact jet; the impact jet flow enters a perforation hole, the pressure in the perforation hole fluctuates, and sand grains in the sand carrying liquid are quickly carried to the far end of the crack along with the fracturing liquid;
(5) tripping out the drill: a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device is provided to complete pulse auxiliary horizontal well volume fracturing construction;
(6) if the ground overpressure occurs in the volume fracturing process of the horizontal well: reduce the annular space discharge capacity, the intraductal discharge capacity of slow increase coiled tubing makes the stratum fracture further initiate the fracture, forms complicated seam net structure, increases stratum imbibition area, further reduces the construction pressure under the same discharge capacity of ground.
The invention has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, can be quickly assembled and disassembled by the arrangement, can reduce the construction cost, can generate pulse fluid by a pulse tool, can improve the perforation efficiency in the volume fracturing process by the pulse fluid through the nozzle, enhances the generation of micro cracks in the perforation holes, can realize the energization in the perforation holes, quickly starts the stratum, reduces the construction pressure, and solves the problem that the traditional volume fracturing transformation process has a relatively limited method for transforming the target interval when the fracture pressure of the stratum is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pulse tool of the present invention.
The codes in the figures are respectively: 1 is an upper joint, 2 is an outer cylinder, 3 is a limit ring table, 4 is a connecting bolt, 5 is a rear inner core, 6 is a first sealing ring, 7 is a second sealing ring, 8 is a rear splitter, 9 is a contraction channel, 10 is a flow guide channel, 11 is a spray channel, 12 is a jet channel, 13 is a lower feedback outlet, 14 is an upper feedback outlet, 15 is a lower jet inlet, 16 is an upper jet inlet, 17 is a water outlet cavity, 18 is a water outlet, 19 is a lower annular channel, 20 is a lower water outlet channel, 21 is a lower feedback channel, 22 is a lower horizontal section, 23 is a lower inclined section, 24 is an upper annular channel, 25 is an upper water outlet channel, 26 is an upper horizontal section, 27 is an upper inclined section, 28 is an upper feedback channel, 29 is a lower outlet, 30 is an upper outlet, 31 is a lower inlet, 32 is a lower feedback inlet, 33 is a lower jet outlet, 34 is an upper inlet, 35 is an upper jet outlet, 36 is an upper feedback inlet, 37 coiled tubing, 38 connector, 39 motor head assembly, 40 centralizer, 41 injector, 42 positioner, 43 guide shoe, 44 nozzle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
In the present invention, for convenience of description, the description of the relative positional relationship of the components is described according to the layout pattern of fig. 1 of the specification, such as: the positional relationship of front, rear, upper, lower, left, right, etc. is determined in accordance with the layout direction of the drawings of the specification.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device comprises a continuous oil pipe 37, a connector 38, a motor head assembly 39, a centralizer 40, a pulse tool capable of generating high-pressure fluid, an injector 41, a positioner 42 and a guide shoe 43 are sequentially connected to a horizontal section of the continuous oil pipe 37, the connector 38, the motor head assembly 39, the centralizer 40, the pulse tool, the injector 41, the positioner 42 and the guide shoe 43 are all in threaded connection, and a plurality of nozzles 44 are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the injector 41 at intervals along the circumference.
The connector 38, motor head assembly 39, centralizer 40, injector 41, positioner 42, guide shoe 43 and nozzle 44 are all well known in the art, as required. In the use, through such setting, can quick assembly disassembly, can reduce the maintenance cost, reduce construction cost, can generate pulse fluid through the pulse instrument, fully solve the unreasonable problem of shaft bottom hydraulic energy matching, pulse fluid passes through sprayer 41, nozzle 44 and locator 42 can improve perforation efficiency at the volume fracturing in-process, the production of micro-crack in the reinforcing perforation hole, also can realize the energization in the perforation hole, the stratum splits fast, reduce construction pressure, can make the interior sand grain of perforation hole carried to stratum crack distal end fast simultaneously, solve when stratum rupture pressure is higher the traditional volume fracturing transformation technology implement the problem that the method of transformation is more limited to the target interval.
The pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device can be further optimized or/and improved according to the actual needs:
as shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2, the pulse tool comprises an upper connector 1, an outer cylinder 2 and an inner core, the outer cylinder 2 is in a shape of a round sleeve arranged from bottom to top, a limit ring platform 3 is arranged on the inner side of the right part of the outer cylinder 2, the upper connector 1 with the left end positioned on the left side of the outer cylinder 2 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the left part of the outer cylinder 2, the outer side of the right part of a centralizer 40 is in threaded connection with the inner side of the upper connector, the inner side of the left part of an ejector 41 is in threaded connection with the outer side of the right part of the outer cylinder, the inner core is arranged on the inner side of the outer cylinder 2 corresponding to the position between the limit ring platform 3 and the upper connector 1, a high-pressure pulse generating flow channel is arranged in the inner core, the high-pressure pulse generating flow channel comprises a jet generating flow channel, a water outlet cavity 17, a water outlet 18, a lower annular channel 19, a lower water outlet channel, a water outlet cavity 17 which is circular and has a front-back central axis is arranged on the inner side of the right part of the inner core corresponding to the right position of the jet flow generating channel, water outlet holes 18 which are communicated with the front side and the back side of the middle part of the water outlet cavity 17 are arranged on the front side and the back side of the right part of the inner core, each water outlet hole 18 is communicated with the inner side of the right part of the outer barrel 2, an upper channel and a lower channel are arranged at intervals up and down on the inner side of the middle part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the jet flow generating channel and the water outlet cavity 17, a lower annular channel 19 is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the lower channel and the water outlet cavity 17, the central axis of the lower annular channel 19 is in the front-back direction, the right side of the lower part of the lower annular channel 19 is communicated with the left side, the left side of the lower part of the lower annular channel 19 is communicated with the lower side of the middle part of the jet flow generating channel through a lower feedback channel 21; the inner core upper portion inboard that corresponds 19 left upside positions of lower annular channel is equipped with annular channel 24, the central axis of last annular channel 24 is fore-and-aft, 24 upper portion right sides of upper annular channel are linked together through last water outlet channel 25 with the upper portion left side of play water cavity 17, 24 lower part left sides of upper annular channel are linked together through last passageway with efflux generation channel upper portion right-hand member, the inner core upper portion that corresponds upper channel top position is equipped with feedback channel 28, 24 upper portion left sides of upper annular channel are linked together through last feedback channel 28 with efflux generation channel middle part upside.
According to the requirement, the upper joint 1 can be the prior known technology, the lower left side and the upper left side of the water outlet cavity 17 are respectively provided with a lower outlet 29 and an upper outlet 30, the lower right side of the lower annular channel 19 is provided with a lower inlet 31, the upper right side of the upper annular channel 24 is provided with an upper inlet 34, the lower inlet 31 is communicated with the lower outlet 29 through a lower water outlet channel 20, the upper inlet 34 is communicated with the upper outlet 30 through an upper water outlet channel 25, and the lower annular channel 19 is the same as the upper annular channel 24. In the using process, the fluid can form jet flow after flowing through the jet flow generating flow passage by arranging the jet flow generating flow passage, the fluid can generate a rotary effect after flowing into the lower annular passage 19 and the upper annular passage 24 through the lower annular passage 19, the lower passage, the upper annular passage 24 and the upper passage respectively, the fluid in the lower annular passage 19 and the upper annular passage 24 can enter the water outlet cavity 17 to do high-speed rotary motion after flowing into the water outlet cavity 17 through the lower water outlet passage 20 and the upper water outlet passage 25 respectively by arranging the water outlet cavity 17, the flow rate of the fluid is further improved, a part of the fluid in the lower annular passage 19 and the upper annular passage 24 can alternately act on the fluid in the jet flow generating passage after flowing through the lower feedback passage 21 and the upper feedback passage 28 respectively by arranging the lower feedback passage 21 and the upper feedback passage 28, and the fluid is forced to alternately deflect between the lower parts of the jet flow generating passage, and then the fluid generates a pulse effect, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fluid pumped into the ground at high pressure and improving the effects of operations such as reservoir transformation, perforation, drilling plug, blockage removal and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the jet flow generation channel comprises a contraction channel 9, a flow guide channel 10, an injection channel 11 and a jet flow channel 12 which are communicated from left to right in sequence, the inner core left part inner side corresponding to the outlet position of the upper joint 1 is provided with a tapered contraction channel 9 which is communicated with the inner core left part inner side and is big left and small right, the right end of the contraction channel 9 is provided with a flow guide channel 10 which is communicated with the contraction channel, the right end of the flow guide channel 10 is provided with an injection channel 11 which is communicated with the flow guide channel, the lower side and the upper side of the middle part of the injection channel 11 are respectively provided with a lower feedback outlet 13 and an upper feedback outlet 14, the lower feedback channel 21 is communicated with the injection channel 11 through the lower feedback outlet 13, the upper feedback channel 28 is communicated with the injection channel 11 through the upper feedback outlet 14, the right end of the injection channel 11 is provided with a tapered jet channel 12 which is communicated with the injection channel and is big left and small.
In the use process, through the arrangement, fluid can form jet flow after flowing through the contraction channel 9, the flow guide channel 10 and the jet channel 11, the jet flow enters the jet channel 12 through the right end of the jet channel 11, due to the turbulence of the jet flow, the entrainment of the jet flow and the interference effect between the two side wall surfaces of the jet channel 12 are asymmetric, pressure difference is generated on the two sides of the jet flow, the pressure difference pushes the deflection of the jet flow, the wall attachment effect is generated, the jet flow is attached to one side wall surface of a jet flow space, flows along the wall surface and reaches the jet flow outlet on the side.
As shown in fig. 2, the lower channel comprises a lower horizontal section 22 and a lower inclined section 23 which are sequentially communicated together from left to right, the left side of the lower part and the left side of the upper part of the lower annular channel 19 are respectively provided with a lower feedback inlet 32 and a lower jet outlet 33, the left end of the lower horizontal section 22 is communicated with the lower jet inlet 15, the right end of the lower inclined section 23 is communicated with the lower jet outlet 33, the lower inclined section 23 is inclined in a left-low-right high shape, the right side of the inner wall of the lower inclined section is tangent to the corresponding position of the upper left side of the inner wall of the lower annular channel 19, and the lower feedback inlet 32 is communicated with the lower feedback outlet 13 through; go up the passageway and include from left to right in proper order communicate together last horizontal segment 26 and last slope section 27, go up annular channel 24 lower part left side and upper portion left side and be equipped with respectively and go up efflux export 35 and last feedback import 36, it is linked together with last efflux import 16 to go up horizontal segment 26 left end, it is linked together with last efflux export 35 to go up slope section 27 right-hand member, it is tangent that the lower part left side that inclines and its inner wall right side and the 24 inner walls of last annular channel corresponds the position to go up slope section 27, it is linked together through last feedback channel 28 with last feedback export 14 to go up feedback import 36.
In use, with this arrangement, a more intense swirling effect of the fluid in the lower or upper annular passage 19, 24 can be created, causing a small portion of the swirling fluid to flow upwardly into the lower or upper feedback passage 21, 28. Most of the fluid further rotates at high speed in the bottom water outlet cavity 17, so that the flow speed of the fluid discharged from the water outlet hole 18 is increased, and the pulse jet effect of the fluid is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross sections of the contraction channel 9, the flow guide channel 10, the injection channel 11, the jet flow channel 12, the lower annular channel 19, the lower water outlet channel 20, the upper annular channel 24, the upper water outlet channel 25, the lower feedback channel 21, the lower horizontal section 22, the lower inclined section 23, the upper horizontal section 26, the upper inclined section 27 and the upper feedback channel 28 in the direction perpendicular to the flow velocity of the fluid are all rectangular.
During the use, through such setting, can be convenient for change the processing size to change the frequency that the pulse flows and the amplitude of pulse, can adapt to different types of operational environment.
As shown in fig. 2, the inner core includes a front inner core and a rear inner core 5 which have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, a front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and a rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel which have the same structure are respectively arranged at the center of the rear side of the front inner core and the center of the front side of the rear inner core 5, and the front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and the rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel form the high-voltage pulse generation flow channel.
In the use, through such setting, be convenient for process high-pressure pulse generates the runner, can improve the size precision that high-pressure pulse generated the runner, can improve the utilization ratio of ground high pressure pump income fluid.
As shown in the attached drawing 2, the pulse tool further comprises a connecting bolt 4, a corresponding jet flow generation channel, a lower annular channel 19, a lower water outlet channel 20, a water outlet cavity 17, an upper water outlet channel 25, a front inner core middle part and a rear inner core 5 middle part between the upper annular channel 24 and the upper channel respectively form a front splitter and a rear splitter 8, two front and rear through front and rear front connecting screw holes are formed in the rear side of the front splitter at an upper and lower interval, a front connecting screw hole which is through in the front and rear direction is formed in the front side of the rear splitter 8 corresponding to each front connecting hole position, a connecting bolt 4 with the rear end located in the rear connecting screw hole corresponding to each front connecting hole position is arranged in each front connecting screw hole, and the front inner core and the rear inner core 5 are.
The connecting bolt 4 may be a known technique, such as a countersunk head bolt, according to the requirements. In the use process, through the arrangement, the front inner core and the rear inner core 5 can be reliably and fixedly installed together, and the sealing performance between the front high-voltage pulse generation flow passage and the rear high-voltage pulse generation flow passage is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, a circular truncated cone with a large top and a small bottom is fixed on the right part of the outer cylinder 2 corresponding to the outer side of the limit ring table 3, a connecting thread is arranged on the outer side of the circular truncated cone, and the inner side of the left part of the ejector 41 is screwed on the outer side of the circular truncated cone.
According to the requirement, a first sealing ring 6 is arranged between the outer side of the left part of the inner core and the inner side of the left part of the outer cylinder 2, and a second sealing ring 7 is arranged between the outer side of the right part of the upper joint 1 and the inner side of the left part of the outer cylinder 2 at the corresponding position. The first seal ring 6 and the second seal ring 7 may be of a known technology, such as O-ring seal. In use, with this arrangement, it is possible to facilitate the connection of the injector 41 and the impulse tool together.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a horizontal well volume fracturing method using the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling and determining the perforation position: the coiled tubing 37 and the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device are put into a well section below the specified perforation depth position through ground equipment, the depth is displayed according to the signal indication of the positioner 42 and ground counting, and the coiled tubing 37 is lifted up to check the depth position to a perforation point;
(2) pulse-assisted perforation: pumping liquid into an injection hole in the continuous oil pipe 37, slowly adjusting the displacement, and starting sand adding and perforation when the amount of the liquid pumped is equal to the volume in the continuous oil pipe 37; when the sand-carrying fluid flows into the pulse tool through the continuous oil pipe 37, the connector 38, the motor head assembly 39 and the centralizer 40, pulse fluid is formed, and after the pulse fluid enters the ejector 41 in the form of liquid impact waves, high-pressure pulse fluid is further formed to impact the sand-carrying fluid jet flow through the nozzle 44, so that the inner wall of the casing pipe is eroded until the casing pipe, the cement sheath and the stratum are penetrated;
(3) pulse-assisted fracturing of the pay zone: continuously keeping the liquid pumping in the continuous oil pipe 37, pumping fracturing fluid from the annulus of the sleeve, slowly adjusting the annulus and the discharge capacity in the pipe, and enabling the annulus liquid to enter the perforation hole; meanwhile, the liquid in the pipe is subjected to pulse energization through a pulse tool, and the energized liquid is transmitted into the perforation hole in a high-pressure pulse wave form through the nozzle 44 to form a local pressurization energization effect on the perforation hole; when the pressure applied to the surface unit area of the rock in the perforation hole exceeds the yield pressure limit, the rock starts to break, and the purpose of fracturing and fracturing a producing zone by the volume of the horizontal well is achieved;
(4) pulse assisted fracturing: continuously injecting sand-carrying liquid into the annular pump and fracturing liquid into the pipe by a pump, wherein the sand-carrying liquid enters the inside of the perforation hole, and the fracturing liquid pumped from the inside of the continuous oil pipe 37 passes through a pulse tool and a spray tool nozzle 44 to form high-pressure pulse impact jet; the impact jet flow enters a perforation hole, the pressure in the perforation hole fluctuates, and sand grains in the sand carrying liquid are quickly carried to the far end of the crack along with the fracturing liquid;
(5) tripping out the drill: a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device is provided to complete pulse auxiliary horizontal well volume fracturing construction;
(6) if the ground overpressure occurs in the volume fracturing process of the horizontal well: reduce the annular space discharge capacity, the interior discharge capacity of slow increase coiled tubing 37 makes the stratum fracture further initiate the fracture, forms complicated seam net structure, increases stratum imbibition area, further reduces the construction pressure under the same discharge capacity in ground.
The technical characteristics form an embodiment of the invention, which has strong adaptability and implementation effect, and unnecessary technical characteristics can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing unit, includes coiled tubing, its characterized in that has connected gradually connector, motor head assembly, centralizer, can generate high-pressure fluid's pulse instrument, sprayer, locator and guide shoe on coiled tubing's horizontal segment, connector, motor head assembly, centralizer, pulse instrument, sprayer, locator and the guide shoe between the connected mode be the screw thread and connect, the sprayer outside has a plurality of nozzle along circumference interval equipartition.
2. The pulsed horizontal well volume fracturing device of claim 1, wherein the pulse tool comprises an upper joint, an outer cylinder and an inner core, the outer cylinder is in the shape of a round sleeve arranged downward and upward, the inner side of the right part of the outer cylinder is provided with a limit ring platform, the inner side of the left part of the outer cylinder is fixedly provided with the upper joint with the left end positioned at the left side of the outer cylinder, the outer side of the right part of the centralizer is screwed with the inner side of the upper joint, the inner side of the left part of the ejector is screwed with the outer side of the right part of the outer cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder corresponding to the position between the limit ring platform and the upper joint is provided with a high-pressure pulse generating flow channel, the high-pressure pulse generating flow channel comprises a jet generating flow channel, a water outlet cavity, a water outlet hole, a lower annular channel, a lower water outlet channel, an upper annular channel, an upper water outlet channel, a lower feedback channel, an upper channel, a water outlet cavity which is circular and has a front-back central axis is arranged on the inner side of the right part of the inner core corresponding to the right position of the jet flow generation flow channel, water outlet holes communicated with the front side and the back side of the middle part of the water outlet cavity are arranged on the front side and the back side of the right part of the inner core, each water outlet hole is communicated with the inner side of the right part of the outer cylinder, an upper channel and a lower channel are arranged at intervals up and down on the inner side of the middle part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the jet flow generating channel and the water outlet cavity, a lower annular channel is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the inner core corresponding to the position between the lower channel and the water outlet cavity, the central axis of the lower annular channel is in the front-back direction, the right side of the lower part of the lower annular channel is communicated with the left side of the lower part of the water outlet cavity through the lower water outlet channel, the left side of the upper part of the lower annular channel is communicated with the right end of the lower part of the jet flow generating channel through the lower channel, the lower part of the inner core corresponding to the lower part of the lower channel is provided with a lower feedback channel, and the left side of the lower part of the lower annular channel is communicated with the lower side of the middle part of the jet flow generating channel through the lower feedback channel; inner core upper portion inboard that corresponds lower annular channel left side position is equipped with annular channel, go up annular channel's the central axis and be the fore-and-aft direction, go up annular channel upper portion right side and go out water chamber upper portion left side and be linked together through last water outlet channel, go up annular channel lower part left side and efflux generation channel upper portion right-hand member and be linked together through last passageway, the inner core upper portion that corresponds upper channel top position is equipped with feedback channel, it is linked together through last feedback channel with efflux generation channel middle part upside to go up annular channel upper portion left side.
3. The pulsed horizontal well volume fracturing device of claim 2, wherein the jet generating flow channel comprises a converging channel, a flow guiding channel, a jetting channel and a jet channel which are communicated in sequence from left to right, the inner core left part inboard that corresponds top connection exit position is equipped with rather than being linked together and is the toper shrink passageway big in left side and small in right side, shrink passageway right-hand member is equipped with the water conservancy diversion passageway rather than being linked together, water conservancy diversion passageway right-hand member is equipped with the injection passage rather than being linked together, injection passage middle part downside and upside are equipped with down feedback export and last feedback export respectively, lower feedback passageway is through feedback export and injection passage intercommunication down, it feeds back the passageway and communicates with injection passage through last feedback export to go up, the injection passage right-hand member is equipped with rather than being linked together and be the toper efflux passageway big in left side and small in right side, efflux passageway lower part right-hand member is efflux import down, efflux passageway upper.
4. The pulsed horizontal well volume fracturing device of claim 3, wherein the lower channel comprises a lower horizontal section and a lower inclined section which are sequentially communicated together from left to right, the left side of the lower part and the left side of the upper part of the lower annular channel are respectively provided with a lower feedback inlet and a lower jet outlet, the left end of the lower horizontal section is communicated with the lower jet inlet, the right end of the lower inclined section is communicated with the lower jet outlet, the lower inclined section is inclined in a left-low-right high shape, the right side of the inner wall of the lower inclined section is tangent to the corresponding position of the upper left side of the inner wall of the lower annular channel, and the lower feedback inlet is communicated with the lower feedback outlet through the lower feedback channel; the upper channel comprises an upper horizontal section and an upper inclined section which are sequentially communicated from left to right, an upper jet outlet and an upper feedback inlet are respectively arranged on the left side of the lower part of the upper annular channel and the left side of the upper part of the upper annular channel, the left end of the upper horizontal section is communicated with the upper jet inlet, the right end of the upper inclined section is communicated with the upper jet outlet, the upper inclined section is inclined in a left-high-right-low shape and the right side of the inner wall of the upper inclined section is tangent to the corresponding position of the left side of the lower part of the inner wall of the upper annular channel, and the.
5. The pulsed horizontal well volume fracturing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the cross-sections of the converging channel, the flow directing channel, the jet channel, the lower annulus channel, the lower effluent channel, the upper annulus channel, the upper effluent channel, the lower feedback channel, the lower horizontal section, the lower inclined section, the upper horizontal section, the upper inclined section and the upper feedback channel in a direction perpendicular to the fluid flow rate are all rectangular.
6. The pulsed horizontal well volume fracturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the inner core comprises a front inner core and a rear inner core which are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged, a front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and a rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel which are identical in structure are respectively arranged in the center of the rear side of the front inner core and the center of the front side of the rear inner core, and the front high-voltage pulse generation flow channel and the rear high-voltage pulse generation flow channel form the high-voltage pulse generation flow channel.
7. The pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device of claim 6, wherein the pulse tool further comprises a connecting bolt, a front splitter and a rear splitter are respectively formed in the middle of the front inner core and the middle of the rear inner core corresponding to the position between the jet generating channel, the lower annular channel, the lower water outlet channel, the water outlet cavity, the upper water outlet channel, the position between the upper annular channel and the upper channel, two front connecting screw holes penetrating through the front and the rear of the front splitter are formed in the rear side of the front splitter at an upper and lower interval, a rear connecting screw hole penetrating through the front and the rear of the rear splitter corresponding to each front connecting hole is formed in the front side of the rear splitter corresponding to each front connecting hole, a connecting bolt with the rear end located in the rear connecting screw hole corresponding to each front connecting screw hole is arranged in each front connecting screw hole, and.
8. The pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein a circular truncated cone with a large top and a small bottom is fixed at the right part of the outer cylinder corresponding to the outer side of the limit ring table, a connecting thread is arranged on the outer side of the circular truncated cone, and the inner side of the left part of the ejector is in threaded connection with the outer side of the circular truncated cone.
9. A horizontal well volume fracturing method using the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) drilling and determining the perforation position: the coiled tubing and the pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device are put into a well section below a specified perforation depth position through ground equipment, the depth is displayed according to signal indication of a positioner and ground counting, and the coiled tubing is lifted to a perforation point;
(2) pulse-assisted perforation: pumping liquid into an injection hole in the coiled tubing, slowly adjusting the displacement, and starting sand adding and perforating when the amount of the liquid pumped is equal to the inner volume of the coiled tubing; when the sand-carrying fluid flows into the pulse tool through the coiled tubing, the connector, the motor head assembly and the centralizer, pulse fluid is formed, and after the pulse fluid enters the ejector in a liquid impact wave form, high-pressure pulse fluid is further formed to impact the sand-carrying fluid jet flow through the nozzle, so that the inner wall of the casing pipe is eroded until the casing pipe, the cement sheath and the stratum are penetrated;
(3) pulse-assisted fracturing of the pay zone: continuously maintaining the liquid pumping in the continuous oil pipe, pumping fracturing fluid from the annulus of the sleeve, slowly adjusting the annulus and the discharge capacity in the sleeve, and enabling the annulus liquid to enter the perforation hole; simultaneously, liquid in the pipe is subjected to pulse energization through a pulse tool, and the energized liquid is transmitted into the perforation holes in a high-pressure pulse wave form through the nozzle; when the pressure applied to the surface unit area of the rock inside the perforation hole exceeds the yield pressure limit, the rock begins to break;
(4) pulse assisted fracturing: continuously injecting sand-carrying liquid into the annular pump and fracturing liquid into the pipe by a pump, wherein the sand-carrying liquid enters the inside of the perforation hole, and the fracturing liquid pumped from the inside of the continuous oil pipe passes through a pulse tool and a nozzle of a jetting tool to form high-pressure pulse impact jet; the impact jet flow enters a perforation hole, the pressure in the perforation hole fluctuates, and sand grains in the sand carrying liquid are quickly carried to the far end of the crack along with the fracturing liquid;
(5) tripping out the drill: a pulse horizontal well volume fracturing device is provided to complete pulse auxiliary horizontal well volume fracturing construction;
(6) if the ground overpressure occurs in the volume fracturing process of the horizontal well: reduce the annular space discharge capacity, the intraductal discharge capacity of slow increase coiled tubing makes the stratum fracture further initiate the fracture, forms complicated seam net structure, increases stratum imbibition area, further reduces the construction pressure under the same discharge capacity of ground.
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