CN111575768B - Ceramic metal composite material dual-mode additive manufacturing device and printing method - Google Patents
Ceramic metal composite material dual-mode additive manufacturing device and printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111575768B CN111575768B CN202010451741.7A CN202010451741A CN111575768B CN 111575768 B CN111575768 B CN 111575768B CN 202010451741 A CN202010451741 A CN 202010451741A CN 111575768 B CN111575768 B CN 111575768B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ceramic-metal composite material dual-mode additive manufacturing device and a printing method, and belongs to the technical field of metal electrochemical 3D printing technology and slurry direct-writing type ceramic printing technology. The ball screw three-axis motion platform is arranged on the air-flotation shock insulation platform, the ceramic-metal dual-mode printing head is arranged on a printing head auxiliary shaft, the printing head auxiliary shaft is arranged on a z-axis of the ball screw three-axis motion platform, and the deposition chamber is arranged on the air-flotation shock insulation platform. The method has the advantages that metal permeation of the ceramic material is realized through fixed-point metal electrodeposition at normal temperature, the mechanical property of the traditional ceramic material is greatly improved, the application field of the composite material is widened, the manufacturing cost of the ceramic-metal composite material part is greatly reduced, and the method has great advantages in the forming of complex parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal electrochemical 3D printing technology and slurry direct-writing type ceramic printing, and particularly relates to a dual-mode additive manufacturing device for a ceramic-metal composite material.
Background
The metal electrochemistry 3D printing technology reduces metal cations in a metal salt solution through an interelectrode electric field, directionally deposits on a corresponding position of a cathode plate, achieves the purpose of directionally depositing multiple metals and designing a deposition effect by controlling the voltage size, the electrode distance and the solution type, avoids mechanical damage to the metals caused by traditional mechanical metal processing, does not need to use an expensive laser generator or an inert gas environment, and realizes high-precision complex-structure metal forming at low cost.
The ceramic slurry direct-writing forming technology (DIW) uses a three-axis 3D printing platform as a printing device, the principle is similar to that of a traditional 3D printing method, high solid-phase content ceramic slurry is directly extruded and formed on the platform, external stimulation such as heat sources, lasers, ultraviolet rays and the like is not needed, the requirement on the processing environment is low, and compared with the traditional ceramic processing technology, the ceramic slurry direct-writing forming technology can realize the manufacture of a complex and precise ceramic structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dual-mode additive manufacturing device and a printing method for a ceramic-metal composite material, and aims to improve the mechanical property of the traditional ceramic material and widen the application field of the composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the device comprises a ceramic metal dual-mode printing head, a ball screw three-axis motion platform, a printing head auxiliary shaft, an air-flotation shock insulation platform and a deposition chamber, wherein the ball screw three-axis motion platform is arranged on the air-flotation shock insulation platform, the ceramic metal dual-mode printing head is arranged on the printing head auxiliary shaft, the printing head auxiliary shaft is arranged on a z axis of the ball screw three-axis motion platform, and the deposition chamber is arranged on the air-flotation shock insulation platform.
The ceramic metal dual mode printhead of the present invention comprises: the device comprises an air guide pipe joint, an airtight plug, an internal spray pipe, an external sleeve, a rubber gasket, an electrolyte flow channel, a nozzle port, metal electrolyte and ceramic slurry; the lower end of the built-in spray pipe is provided with a groove for fixing the rubber gasket; a short gap is formed between the internal spray pipe and the external sleeve and is used for a moving space of the rubber gasket; the lower end of the external sleeve is provided with an electrolyte flow channel, and when the internal spray pipe moves downwards until the nozzle port is opposite to the nozzle port of the external sleeve, the rubber gasket blocks the electrolyte flow channel due to the elasticity of the material, so that liquid separation is realized; the upper end of the built-in spray pipe is closed by a gas-tight plug and communicated with a gas pipe joint.
The auxiliary shaft of the printing head comprises a driving motor, a coupling, a bearing, a screw rod, a sliding block, a supporting column, a connecting part, an external sleeve fixing lug and an internal spray pipe fixing lug, wherein the internal spray pipe fixing lug for connecting an internal spray pipe is arranged on the sliding block, and the sliding block is in threaded connection with the screw rod and is in sliding connection with the supporting column; the external sleeve fixing ear piece for connecting the external sleeve is fixed on the connecting part, the driving motor is fixedly connected with the upper part of the connecting part, the driving motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupler, and the bearing is rotatably connected with the upper part of the lead screw.
The deposition chamber comprises a printing substrate and a deposition chamber shell, wherein the deposition chamber shell is arranged on an air-flotation shock insulation table and cannot move, the printing substrate is arranged in the deposition chamber shell and is opposite to the bottom end of a printing spray head, and meanwhile, the printing substrate can be taken out of the deposition chamber shell.
A printing method of a ceramic-metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of metal ion salt solution
The material prepared by the metal ion solution comprises saturated salt solution of single metal ion, powdered metal salt is dissolved in deionized water, and the pH value of the metal salt solution is adjusted by 40g/L sulfuric acid according to different metals; the depolarizer of the anode is 5% NaCl solution with the concentration of 10g/L, and the function of the depolarizer is to prevent the anode from being passivated; a small amount of boric acid is added as a buffering agent for stabilizing the pH value of the solution and hindering the increase of the pH value of the solution in a cathode region and the generation of hydroxide so as to improve the current density of a cathode, reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on a deposition surface and improve the printing quality; adding saccharin with the concentration of 7g/L of organic additive to delay the growth rate of crystals, and playing a role in grain refinement;
(2) preparation of ceramic slurry
The raw materials for preparing the water-based ceramic slurry comprise the following components in percentage by weight:
50-56% of ceramic powder, 0.4-1.0% of dispersant, 0.5-3.0% of lubricant, 0.5-2.0% of plasticizer, 0.4-1.0% of binder and the balance of deionized water;
the dispersant adopts ammonium polymethacrylate, is analytically pure, can disperse ceramic powder, reduces agglomeration and aggregation, and ensures the stability of prepared slurry;
the lubricant is glycerol, is analytically pure, has the purity of more than or equal to 99.0 percent, can ensure that the slurry is extruded more smoothly and keeps moist for a short time, and prevents the printing head from being blocked;
the plasticizer adopts polyethylene glycol, is chemically pure, can further improve the toughness of the printing material, ensures that the final product is not cracked in the sintering process, and simultaneously ensures that the printed substrate does not collapse in the printing process;
the bonding agent adopts hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, so that the bonding strength of the pulp can be improved, and the shape retention of the pulp can be improved;
the preparation process comprises the following steps: adding dispersant ammonium polymethacrylate (analytically pure), lubricant glycerol (analytically pure, purity more than or equal to 99.0%) and plasticizer polyethylene glycol (chemically pure) into deionized water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solvent, adding ceramic powder into the mixed solvent, performing ball milling to obtain a mixture, adding a binder into the mixture, stirring and defoaming to obtain water-based alumina ceramic slurry capable of being freely extruded and molded;
(3) part model data production
Establishing a part model to be printed by using three-dimensional modeling software cata, storing the part model in stl format, slicing by using slicing software, introducing sliced data into a dual-mode ceramic-metal composite material 3D printing device, controlling output to ensure that each layer firstly prints a ceramic matrix, drying to proper humidity, then performing metal electrodeposition in a specific path, and performing layer-by-layer deposition molding according to the printing path;
(4) printing of ceramic metal composites
The spray head is nested and combined, the internal spray pipe is fixed on the sliding block by using the internal spray pipe fixing lug, the external sleeve is fixed on the connecting component by using the external sleeve fixing lug, and therefore the spray head is installed on the ball screw three-axis motion platform; filling the prepared ceramic slurry into a cavity of an internal spray pipe, and injecting the prepared metal salt solution into a cavity of an external sleeve to finish the filling operation of the raw materials;
the method comprises the following steps that a first layer of ceramic matrix is printed, a ceramic metal dual-mode printing head is accurately positioned to the initial position of printing under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform, then an air pump starts to work, a guide pipe connected with the air pump guides high-pressure air into a built-in spray pipe, an air-tight plug is used for ensuring good air tightness in a cavity of the spray pipe, ceramic slurry is extruded out of the cavity from a port of the spray pipe under the action of air pressure, the extruded ceramic slurry is printed on a polar plate of a deposition chamber, and the printing head is driven by the ball screw three-axis motion platform to print according to a preset path to obtain a layered ceramic matrix; after the printing of the ceramic substrate of one layer is finished, stopping the air pump, recovering the pressure in the cavity with the built-in nozzle to a normal value, and stopping the extrusion of the ceramic slurry;
the printing head switches the working mode to fixed-point metal electrodeposition, a driving motor drives a screw rod to enable a sliding block to drive an internal spray pipe to ascend, meanwhile, a rubber gasket in a groove on the outer side of the internal spray pipe ascends under the driving of the internal spray pipe to release an electrolyte flow channel, electrolyte flows out of a nozzle port under the action of gravity, the printing head moves according to a metal electrodeposition path under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform, metal cations in the electrolyte obtain electrons at a deposition plate, and ceramic gaps are filled; after a layer of metal ceramic is printed, the spray head switches the working mode to ceramic printing again, a driving motor drives a screw rod to enable a sliding block to drive an internal spray pipe to descend, meanwhile, a rubber sealing ring in a groove on the outer side of the internal spray pipe descends under the driving of the internal spray pipe to block an electrolyte flow channel, so that electrolyte is sealed in an external sleeve above the flow channel, the electrolyte is cut off, the internal spray pipe is overlapped with a nozzle port of the external sleeve, and the spray head moves upwards by a layer of height under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform; repeating the above processes to print the ceramic-metal composite layer by layer;
(5) after-treatment of part formation
And taking the ceramic-metal composite part off the polar plate to avoid cracks caused by quick drying. And drying the sample piece at 50 ℃ for 24h, and sintering the dried sample piece in a sintering furnace at 1200 ℃ for 2h to form the composite material.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention combines a slurry direct-writing ceramic additive manufacturing technology (DIW) and a metal electrochemical additive manufacturing technology (ECAM), and provides a novel method for manufacturing a ceramic-metal composite material.
The invention realizes the metal permeation of the ceramic material by the fixed-point metal electrodeposition at normal temperature, greatly improves the mechanical property of the traditional ceramic material and widens the application field of the composite material.
The invention greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the ceramic-metal composite material part and has great advantages in the molding of complex parts.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the auxiliary shaft of the printhead according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic-metal dual mode printhead according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the deposition chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a deposition chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a printing flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Including the dual mode printer head of ceramal 1, ball triaxial motion platform 2, printer head auxiliary shaft 3, air supporting shock insulation platform 4 and deposit chamber 5, ball triaxial motion platform 2 arrange air supporting shock insulation platform in 4, the dual mode printer head of ceramal 2 install in printer head auxiliary shaft 3, printer head auxiliary shaft 3 installs in ball triaxial motion platform 1's z axle, deposit chamber 5 arranges in on the air supporting shock insulation platform 4.
The ceramic-metal dual-mode printhead 1 of the present invention comprises: the device comprises an air duct joint 101, a gas-tight plug 102, an internal spray pipe 103, an external sleeve 104, a rubber gasket 105, an electrolyte flow channel 106, a nozzle port 107, metal electrolyte 108 and ceramic slurry 109; wherein, the lower end of the built-in nozzle 103 is provided with a groove for fixing the rubber gasket 105; a short gap is formed between the internal spray pipe 103 and the external sleeve 104 and is used for a moving space of the rubber gasket 105; the lower end of the external sleeve 104 is provided with an electrolyte flow channel 106, and when the internal spray pipe 103 moves downwards to the spray port 107 to be opposite to the spray port 107 of the external sleeve 104, the rubber gasket 105 blocks the electrolyte flow channel 106 due to the elasticity of the material, so that liquid separation is realized; the upper end of the built-in nozzle 103 is closed by a gas-tight plug 102, the gas-guide pipe joint 101 is connected, and the ceramic slurry 109 is extruded by gas compression.
The auxiliary shaft 3 of the printing head comprises a driving motor 301, a coupler 302, a bearing 303, a lead screw 304, a sliding block 305, a supporting column 306, a connecting part 307, an external sleeve fixing lug 308 and an internal spray pipe fixing lug 309, wherein the internal spray pipe fixing lug 309 used for connecting the internal spray pipe 103 is arranged on the sliding block 305, and the sliding block 305 is in threaded connection with the lead screw 304 and is in sliding connection with the supporting column 306; the external sleeve fixing ear piece 308 for connecting the external sleeve 104 is fixed on the connecting part 307, the driving motor 301 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the connecting part 307, the driving motor 301 is connected with the lead screw 304 through the coupler 302, and the bearing 303 is rotatably connected with the upper part of the lead screw 304.
The deposition chamber 5 comprises a printing substrate 501 and a deposition chamber shell 502, wherein the deposition chamber shell 502 is mounted on the air-float vibration isolation table 4 and cannot move, the printing substrate 501 is placed in the deposition chamber shell 502 and is opposite to the bottom end of the printing spray head 1, and meanwhile, the printing substrate 501 can be taken out of the deposition chamber shell 502.
A printing method of a ceramic-metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of metal ion salt solution
The material prepared by the metal ion solution comprises saturated salt solution of single metal ion, powdered metal salt is dissolved in deionized water, and the pH value of the metal salt solution is adjusted by sulfuric acid (40g/L) according to different metals; the depolarizer of the anode is 5% NaCl solution with the concentration of 10g/L, and the function of the depolarizer is to prevent the anode from being passivated; a small amount of boric acid is added as a buffering agent for stabilizing the pH value of the solution and hindering the increase of the pH value of the solution in a cathode region and the generation of hydroxide so as to improve the current density of a cathode, reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on a deposition surface and improve the printing quality; adding saccharin with the concentration of 7g/L of organic additive to delay the growth rate of crystals, and playing a role in grain refinement;
(2) preparation of ceramic slurry
The raw materials for preparing the water-based ceramic slurry comprise the following components in percentage by weight:
50-56% of ceramic powder, 0.4-1.0% of dispersant, 0.5-3.0% of lubricant, 0.5-2.0% of plasticizer, 0.4-1.0% of binder and the balance of deionized water;
the dispersant adopts ammonium polymethacrylate (analytically pure), can disperse ceramic powder, reduce agglomeration and aggregation, and ensure the stability of prepared slurry;
the lubricant is glycerol (analytically pure, the purity is more than or equal to 99.0 percent), so that the slurry can be extruded more smoothly and kept moist for a short time, and the printing head is prevented from being blocked;
the plasticizer adopts polyethylene glycol (chemical purity) to further improve the toughness of the printing material, ensure that the final product is not cracked in the sintering process, and simultaneously ensure that the printed substrate does not collapse in the printing process;
the bonding agent adopts hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, so that the bonding strength of the pulp can be improved, and the shape retention of the pulp can be improved;
the preparation process comprises the following steps: adding dispersant ammonium polymethacrylate (analytically pure), lubricant glycerol (analytically pure, purity more than or equal to 99.0%) and plasticizer polyethylene glycol (chemically pure) into deionized water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solvent, adding ceramic powder into the mixed solvent, performing ball milling to obtain a mixture, adding a binder into the mixture, stirring and defoaming to obtain water-based alumina ceramic slurry capable of being freely extruded and molded;
(3) part model data production
Establishing a part model to be printed by using three-dimensional modeling software cata, storing the part model in stl format, slicing by using slicing software, introducing sliced data into a dual-mode ceramic-metal composite material 3D printing device, controlling output to ensure that each layer firstly prints a ceramic matrix, drying to proper humidity, then performing metal electrodeposition in a specific path, and performing layer-by-layer deposition molding according to the printing path;
(4) printing of ceramic metal composites
The spray head is nested and combined, the internal spray pipe 103 is fixed on the sliding block 305 by using the internal spray pipe fixing lug 309, the external sleeve 104 is fixed on the connecting part 307 by using the external sleeve fixing lug 308, and therefore the spray head is installed on the ball screw three-axis motion platform 2; the prepared ceramic slurry is filled into a cavity 103 of an internal spray pipe, and the prepared metal salt solution is injected into a cavity 104 of an external sleeve to complete the filling operation of the raw materials;
the method comprises the following steps that a first layer of ceramic matrix is printed, a ceramic metal dual-mode printing head 1 is accurately positioned to a printing initial position under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform 2, then an air pump starts to work, a guide pipe connected with the air pump guides high-pressure air into an internal spray pipe 103, an air sealing plug 102 is used for ensuring good air tightness in a cavity of the spray pipe, ceramic slurry is pressed out of the cavity from a nozzle port 107 under the action of air pressure, the pressed ceramic slurry is printed on a polar plate 501 of a deposition chamber 5, and the printing head is driven by the ball screw three-axis motion platform 2 to print according to a preset path to obtain a layered ceramic matrix; after the printing of the ceramic substrate layer is finished, stopping the air pump, recovering the pressure in the cavity 103 with the built-in nozzle to a normal value, and stopping the extrusion of the ceramic slurry;
the printing head switches the working mode to fixed-point metal electrodeposition, the driving motor 301 drives the screw 304 to enable the slider 305 to drive the built-in spray pipe 103 to ascend, meanwhile, the rubber gasket 105 in the groove on the outer side of the built-in spray pipe 103 ascends under the driving of the built-in spray pipe 103 to release the electrolyte flow channel 106, the electrolyte flows out of the nozzle port 107 under the action of gravity, the printing head moves according to the metal electrodeposition path under the driving of the ball screw triaxial motion platform 2, metal cations in the electrolyte obtain electrons at the position of the deposition plate 501, and the electrons are filled in ceramic gaps; after printing a layer of metal ceramic, switching the working mode of the spray head to ceramic printing again, driving a screw 304 by a driving motor 301 to enable a sliding block 305 to drive an internal spray pipe 103 to descend, and meanwhile, a rubber sealing ring 105 in a groove on the outer side of the internal spray pipe 103 descends under the driving of the internal spray pipe to block an electrolyte flow channel 106, so that the electrolyte is sealed in an external sleeve 104 above the flow channel, the electrolyte is cut off, the nozzle ports of the internal spray pipe 103 and the external sleeve 104 are overlapped, and the spray head moves upwards by a layer of height under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform 2; repeating the above processes to print the ceramic-metal composite layer by layer;
(5) after-treatment of part formation
The ceramic metal composite is removed from the plate 501 to avoid cracking during rapid drying. And drying the sample piece at 50 ℃ for 24h, and sintering the dried sample piece in a sintering furnace at 1200 ℃ for 2h to form the composite material.
Claims (8)
1. A ceramic-metal composite material dual-mode additive manufacturing device is characterized in that: the device comprises a ceramic metal dual-mode printing head, a ball screw three-axis motion platform, a printing head auxiliary shaft, an air-flotation shock insulation platform and a deposition chamber, wherein the ball screw three-axis motion platform is arranged on the air-flotation shock insulation platform;
the ceramic-metal dual mode printhead includes: the device comprises an air guide pipe joint, an airtight plug, an internal spray pipe, an external sleeve, a rubber gasket, an electrolyte flow channel, a nozzle port, metal electrolyte and ceramic slurry; the lower end of the built-in spray pipe is provided with a groove for fixing the rubber gasket; a short gap is formed between the internal spray pipe and the external sleeve and is used for a moving space of the rubber gasket; the lower end of the external sleeve is provided with an electrolyte flow channel, and when the internal spray pipe moves downwards until the nozzle port is opposite to the nozzle port of the external sleeve, the rubber gasket blocks the electrolyte flow channel due to the elasticity of the material, so that liquid separation is realized; the upper end of the built-in spray pipe is closed by a gas-tight plug and communicated with a gas pipe joint.
2. The ceramic-metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the printing head auxiliary shaft comprises a driving motor, a coupling, a bearing, a screw rod, a sliding block, a supporting column, a connecting part, an external sleeve fixing lug and an internal spray pipe fixing lug, wherein the internal spray pipe fixing lug for connecting the internal spray pipe is arranged on the sliding block, and the sliding block is in threaded connection with the screw rod and is in sliding connection with the supporting column; the external sleeve fixing ear piece for connecting the external sleeve is fixed on the connecting part, the driving motor is fixedly connected with the upper part of the connecting part, the driving motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupler, and the bearing is rotatably connected with the upper part of the lead screw.
3. The ceramic-metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the deposition chamber comprises a printing substrate and a deposition chamber shell, the deposition chamber shell is mounted on the air floatation vibration isolation platform and cannot move, the printing substrate is placed inside the deposition chamber shell and opposite to the bottom end of the printing spray head, and meanwhile the printing substrate can be taken out of the deposition chamber shell.
4. A method of printing using the ceramic metal composite dual mode additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of metal ion salt solution
The material prepared by the metal ion solution comprises saturated salt solution of single metal ion, powdered metal salt is dissolved in deionized water, and the pH value of the metal salt solution is adjusted by 40g/L sulfuric acid according to different metals; the depolarizer of the anode is 5% NaCl solution with the concentration of 10g/L, and the function of the depolarizer is to prevent the anode from being passivated; a small amount of boric acid is added as a buffering agent for stabilizing the pH value of the solution and hindering the increase of the pH value of the solution in a cathode region and the generation of hydroxide so as to improve the current density of a cathode, reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on a deposition surface and improve the printing quality; adding saccharin with the concentration of 7g/L of organic additive to delay the growth rate of crystals, and playing a role in grain refinement;
(2) preparation of ceramic slurry
The raw materials for preparing the water-based ceramic slurry comprise the following components in percentage by weight:
50-56% of ceramic powder, 0.4-1.0% of dispersant, 0.5-3.0% of lubricant, 0.5-2.0% of plasticizer, 0.4-1.0% of binder and the balance of deionized water;
the preparation process comprises the following steps: adding dispersant ammonium polymethacrylate, lubricant glycerol and plasticizer polyethylene glycol into deionized water, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solvent, adding ceramic powder into the mixed solvent, performing ball milling to obtain a mixture, adding a binder into the mixture, stirring and defoaming to obtain water-based alumina ceramic slurry capable of being freely extruded and molded;
(3) part model data production
Establishing a part model to be printed by using three-dimensional modeling software cata, storing the part model in stl format, slicing by using slicing software, introducing sliced data into a dual-mode ceramic-metal composite material 3D printing device, controlling output to ensure that each layer firstly prints a ceramic matrix, drying to proper humidity, then performing metal electrodeposition in a specific path, and performing layer-by-layer deposition molding according to the printing path;
(4) printing of ceramic metal composites
The spray head is nested and combined, the internal spray pipe is fixed on the sliding block by using the internal spray pipe fixing lug, the external sleeve is fixed on the connecting component by using the external sleeve fixing lug, and therefore the spray head is installed on the ball screw three-axis motion platform; filling the prepared ceramic slurry into a cavity of an internal spray pipe, and injecting the prepared metal salt solution into a cavity of an external sleeve to finish the filling operation of the raw materials;
the method comprises the following steps that a first layer of ceramic matrix is printed, a ceramic metal dual-mode printing head is accurately positioned to the initial position of printing under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform, then an air pump starts to work, a guide pipe connected with the air pump guides high-pressure air into a built-in spray pipe, an air-tight plug is used for ensuring good air tightness in a cavity of the spray pipe, ceramic slurry is extruded out of the cavity from a port of the spray pipe under the action of air pressure, the extruded ceramic slurry is printed on a polar plate of a deposition chamber, and the printing head is driven by the ball screw three-axis motion platform to print according to a preset path to obtain a layered ceramic matrix; after the printing of the ceramic substrate of one layer is finished, stopping the air pump, recovering the pressure in the cavity with the built-in nozzle to a normal value, and stopping the extrusion of the ceramic slurry;
the printing head switches the working mode to fixed-point metal electrodeposition, a driving motor drives a screw rod to enable a sliding block to drive an internal spray pipe to ascend, meanwhile, a rubber gasket in a groove on the outer side of the internal spray pipe ascends under the driving of the internal spray pipe to release an electrolyte flow channel, electrolyte flows out of a nozzle port under the action of gravity, the printing head moves according to a metal electrodeposition path under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform, metal cations in the electrolyte obtain electrons at a deposition plate, and ceramic gaps are filled; after a layer of metal ceramic is printed, the spray head switches the working mode to ceramic printing again, a driving motor drives a screw rod to enable a sliding block to drive an internal spray pipe to descend, meanwhile, a rubber sealing ring in a groove on the outer side of the internal spray pipe descends under the driving of the internal spray pipe to block an electrolyte flow channel, so that electrolyte is sealed in an external sleeve above the flow channel, the electrolyte is cut off, the internal spray pipe is overlapped with a nozzle port of the external sleeve, and the spray head moves upwards by a layer of height under the driving of a ball screw three-axis motion platform; repeating the above processes to print the ceramic-metal composite layer by layer;
(5) after-treatment of part formation
And taking the ceramic-metal composite part off the polar plate, drying the sample part at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to avoid cracks caused by quick drying, and sintering the dried sample part in a sintering furnace at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours to form the composite material.
5. The printing method of the ceramic metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein: the dispersant adopts ammonium polymethacrylate, is analytically pure, can disperse ceramic powder, reduces agglomeration and aggregation, and ensures the stability of prepared slurry.
6. The printing method of the ceramic metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein: the lubricant is glycerol, is analytically pure, has the purity of more than or equal to 99.0 percent, can ensure that the slurry is extruded more smoothly and keeps moist in a short time, and prevents the printing head from being blocked.
7. The printing method of the ceramic metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein: the plasticizer is polyethylene glycol and is chemically pure, so that the toughness of the printing material can be further improved, the final product is prevented from cracking in the sintering process, and the printed substrate is prevented from collapsing in the printing process.
8. The printing method of the ceramic metal composite dual-mode additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein: the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose adopted as the binder can improve the bonding strength of the pulp and improve the shape retention of the pulp.
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| CN112695365B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-02-03 | 长春理工大学 | Delta type metal repairing device based on electrochemical micro-additive and operation method thereof |
| CN113118455B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-11-11 | 吉林大学重庆研究院 | 3D printing method for preparing metal artificial bone based on slurry direct writing |
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