CN111575574B - Eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- B22F1/0003—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, which comprises, by mole, 0.4-1.2 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co, 1-2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B. The invention also provides a preparation method of the alloy powder, which comprises the steps of putting the alloy components into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain alloy liquid; and spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, filling inert gas as protective gas for gas atomization, adjusting the pressure of the gas mist, smashing the alloy liquid by using the inert gas, and cooling to obtain alloy powder. The invention also provides application of the alloy powder, wherein the alloy powder is screened by a powder screening machine to obtain the alloy powder with the grain diameter of 100-200 meshes, and the alloy powder is used for synchronous powder feeding laser repair to obtain a repair layer. According to the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, the finally obtained repair layer is eutectic and near-eutectic structures, the repair layer and the substrate are well combined, and the defects such as air hole inclusion and the like are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alloy powder material, in particular to eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Different from the traditional alloy, the structure and the performance of the material are adjusted by adding and changing a small amount of other alloy elements on the basis of one or two main element alloy elements, the high-entropy alloy is composed of a plurality of alloy elements with basically equal amounts, has a unique microstructure, shows a plurality of performances different from the traditional alloy, such as ultrahigh strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, radiation resistance and the like, is expected to be prepared into service parts which cannot be used by the traditional alloy in severe environments by adopting the high-entropy alloy, and has huge potential application value.
The equipment which is used under severe working conditions such as high temperature, corrosion, abrasion and the like is easy to cause surface damage of key parts due to environmental factors, the performance of the equipment is influenced, the integral failure of the equipment can be caused, and even safety accidents are induced. The part has higher performance requirement and high general manufacturing cost, and if the surface damage can be effectively repaired and the service performance can be recovered and improved, the equipment operation can be effectively ensured, the production cost is reduced, and remarkable economic benefit is obtained. The laser surface repair has high energy density, good combination between a repair layer and the surface of a part, small raw material consumption and wide application in automation of the whole repair process, and if high-performance high-entropy alloy can be adopted to carry out laser repair on parts with damaged surfaces, the service performance of a laser repair part can be effectively improved.
However, the proportion of the elements of the high-entropy alloy is different from that of the traditional metal, the number of the main elements of the high-entropy alloy is usually as high as 4 or more, the formability of the high-entropy alloy is poor, the casting performance is weak, a high-quality coating with high density and good combination is difficult to prepare by a laser cladding method, and the special high-entropy alloy powder under the background of laser repair does not exist at present. Therefore, if the high-entropy alloy is used for realizing laser repair of equipment parts under severe working conditions, a special high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, which has good laser repair manufacturability and can be used for preparing a compact and severe environment resistant coating, must be developed. The alloy powder can be used for repairing the surface damage of equipment parts under severe working conditions, the repairing layer is eutectic, the transition between the repairing layer and the base material is good, and the defects such as air holes and cracks are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low compactness, more defects, poor combination of a repair layer and a substrate and the like in the prior art.
The invention provides eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, which comprises, by mole, 0.4-1.2 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co, 1-2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 0.9 part of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co, 1-2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B in terms of molar parts.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 0.4-1.2 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co,1.1 part of Ni and 0.2 part of B by mole part.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, which comprises the following steps: s1, taking 0.4-1.2 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co, 1-2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B by molar part calculation, and putting all alloy components into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain alloy liquid; and S2, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, filling inert gas as protective gas for gas atomization, adjusting the gas spray pressure, crushing the alloy liquid by using the inert gas, and cooling to obtain alloy powder.
Preferably, the smelting furnace is vacuumized to 6 × 10 in step S1 -3 Smelting after MPa.
Preferably, the inert gas in step S2 is argon gas with a purity of 99.9%, and the diameter of the graphite nozzle is 4mm.
Preferably, the aerosol pressure in step S2 is 4MPa to 10MPa, and the aerosol time is 5min to 15min.
The invention also provides application of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, wherein the alloy powder is screened by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the grain size of 100-200 meshes, and the alloy powder is used for synchronous powder feeding laser repair to obtain a repair layer.
Preferably, the laser power is 1.6kw-2.0kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, and the laser spot is 3mm.
Preferably, the thickness of a single layer of the repair layer is 0.6mm, and the distance between every two cladding layers is 1.9mm.
According to the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, the composition design is reasonable, the finally obtained repair layer is eutectic and near-eutectic structures, the bonding between the repair layer and the matrix is good, and the defects of air hole inclusion and the like are avoided. The formed repairing layer has uniform tissue and good high-temperature resistance and wear resistance, and realizes laser repairing of equipment parts under severe working conditions. The preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair is simple, the process is controllable, and the finally obtained high-entropy alloy powder has excellent performance and can be used for industrial mass production. The eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair is applied to laser repair of equipment parts under severe working conditions such as high temperature, high abrasion and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1A is a scanning electron microscope picture of the eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer for laser repair of example 1;
fig. 1B is a scanning electron microscope picture of the eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer for laser repair of example 2;
fig. 1C is a scanning electron microscope picture of the eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer for laser repair of example 3;
FIG. 1D is a scanning electron microscope image of the eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer for laser repair of example 4;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microscopic morphology image at the interface between the laser repair eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer and the base material in example 2;
fig. 3 is a tensile curve of the laser repair eutectic high-entropy alloy repair layer of example 1 at room temperature and 300 ℃.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair comprises the following alloy components Al with a molar ratio of 0.9: cr: fe: co: ni: B.
the preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the components and the molar ratio thereofPutting each single-phase alloy raw material into a crucible of a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree condition of the smelting furnace is 6 multiplied by 10 -3 Mpa；
Step two: after the mixed powder is melted, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, wherein the diameter of the graphite nozzle is 4mm, filling argon with the purity of 99.9% for gas atomization, adjusting the pressure of gas mist to 9MPa, and the gas atomization time is 6min, so that the alloy powder is obtained after the alloy liquid is completely smashed and cooled;
step three: screening all the powder by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes.
The high-entropy alloy powder is used, and the following laser repair parameters are adopted: the laser power is 1.6kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, the laser spot is 3mm, the single-layer thickness of the cladding layer is 0.6mm, the spacing between cladding layers is 1.9mm, and the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%.
Example 2
A eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, comprising the following alloy components Al in a molar ratio of 0.4: cr: fe: co: ni: B.
the preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing each single-phase alloy raw material according to the alloy components and the molar ratio thereof, putting the single-phase alloy raw material into a crucible of a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree condition of the smelting furnace is 6 multiplied by 10 -3 Mpa；
Step two: after the mixed powder is melted, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, wherein the diameter of the graphite nozzle is 4mm, filling argon with the purity of 99.9% for gas atomization, adjusting the pressure of gas mist to 7MPa, and the gas atomization time is 11min, so that the alloy powder is obtained after the alloy liquid is completely smashed and cooled;
step three: screening all the powder by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes.
The high-entropy alloy powder is used, and the following laser repair parameters are adopted: the laser power is 2.0kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, the laser spot is 3mm, the single-layer thickness of the cladding layer is 0.6mm, the spacing between cladding layers is 1.9mm, and the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%.
Example 3
A eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, comprising the following alloy components Al in a molar ratio of 1.2: cr: fe: co: ni: B.
the preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing each single-phase alloy raw material according to the alloy components and the molar ratio thereof, putting the single-phase alloy raw material into a crucible of a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree condition of the smelting furnace is 6 multiplied by 10 -3 Mpa；
Step two: after the mixed powder is melted, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, wherein the diameter of the graphite nozzle is 4mm, filling argon with the purity of 99.9% for gas atomization, adjusting the pressure of gas mist to 5MPa, and the gas atomization time is 15min, so that the alloy powder is obtained after the alloy liquid is completely smashed and cooled;
step three: screening all the powder by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes.
The high-entropy alloy powder is used, and the following laser repair parameters are adopted: the laser power is 1.6kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, the laser spot is 3mm, the single-layer thickness of the cladding layer is 0.6mm, the spacing between cladding layers is 1.9mm, and the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%.
Example 4
A eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair, comprising the following alloy components Al in a molar ratio of 0.4: cr: fe: co: ni: B.
the preparation method of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing each single-phase alloy raw material according to the alloy components and the molar ratio thereof, putting the single-phase alloy raw material into a crucible of a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree condition of the smelting furnace is 6 multiplied by 10 -3 Mpa；
Step two: after the mixed powder is melted, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, wherein the diameter of the graphite nozzle is 4mm, filling argon with the purity of 99.9% for gas atomization, adjusting the pressure of gas mist to 7MPa, and the gas atomization time is 12min, and obtaining the alloy powder after the alloy liquid is completely smashed and cooled;
step three: screening all the powder by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes.
The high-entropy alloy powder is used, and the following laser repair parameters are adopted: the laser power is 2.0kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, the laser spot is 3mm, the single-layer thickness of the cladding layer is 0.6mm, the spacing between cladding layers is 1.9mm, and the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%.
Scanning electron microscope observation is carried out on the eutectic high-entropy alloy repairing layers for laser repairing in the embodiments 1 to 4, as shown in fig. 1A to 1D, it can be seen that the obtained repairing layer tissues are eutectic and near-eutectic tissues, and defects such as void inclusion, slag inclusion and the like do not exist, and the near-eutectic material melt has good fluidity, so that laser repairing formability can be ensured, and the defects can be avoided.
When the high-entropy alloy powder in the embodiment 2 is adopted to carry out a laser repair test, a metallographic picture at the interface between a sample repair layer and a base material is shown in fig. 2, the repair layer and the base body are tightly assembled, and no defects such as air holes and impurities occur, which indicates that the material has good interface compatibility, and a laser repair layer bonding interface with good bonding can be obtained.
The laser repair layer of the eutectic high-entropy alloy in example 1 is tested for tensile properties at room temperature and high temperature, and as shown in fig. 3, the laser repair layer of the eutectic high-entropy alloy shows a good combination of strength and toughness, the hardness is about 501HV, the tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1278MPa, and the elongation is 13%; the tensile strength of the material is still 1102MPa at 300 ℃, and the material has higher thermal stability and weaker performance thermal attenuation. The material is shown to have good combination of strength and toughness, and good high temperature performance.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The application of the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for laser repair is characterized in that the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder comprises, by mole, 0.9 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co,1 to 2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B; the eutectic high-entropy alloy powder is screened by a powder screening machine to obtain alloy powder with the grain size of 100-200 meshes, and the alloy powder is used for repairing surface damage of equipment serving under severe working conditions of high temperature, corrosion and abrasion by synchronous powder feeding laser to obtain a repairing layer with eutectic and near-eutectic structures, wherein the hardness of the repairing layer is 501HV, the tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1278MPa, the elongation is 13%, and the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is still 1102MPa.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, in parts by mole, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co,1.1 part of Ni and 0.2 part of B.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the method of preparing the eutectic high entropy alloy powder comprises the steps of:
s1, taking 0.9 part of Al,1 part of Cr,1 part of Fe,1 part of Co,1 to 2.3 parts of Ni and 0.2 part of B by molar ratio, and putting the alloy components into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain alloy liquid;
and S2, spraying the alloy liquid into an atomizing tower through a graphite nozzle, filling inert gas as protective gas for gas atomization, adjusting the gas spray pressure, crushing the alloy liquid by using the inert gas, and cooling to obtain alloy powder.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein in step S1 a vacuum of 6 x 10 is drawn in the smelting furnace -3 Smelting after MPa.
5. Use according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas in step S2 is argon with a purity of 99.9% and the graphite nozzle has a diameter of 4mm.
6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the aerosol pressure in step S2 is 4MPa to 10MPa, and the aerosol time is 5min to 15min.
7. Use according to claim 1, wherein the laser power is 1.6kw-2.0kw, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min and the laser spot is 3mm.
8. The use of claim 1, wherein the repair layer has a single layer thickness of 0.6mm and a cladding layer spacing of 1.9mm.
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