CN111575440A - Method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings - Google Patents

Method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111575440A
CN111575440A CN202010629422.0A CN202010629422A CN111575440A CN 111575440 A CN111575440 A CN 111575440A CN 202010629422 A CN202010629422 A CN 202010629422A CN 111575440 A CN111575440 A CN 111575440A
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China
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steel
carburant
steel shavings
furnace
shavings
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CN202010629422.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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杨永鑫
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0025Adding carbon material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08Manufacture of cast-iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006Adding metallic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08Making cast-iron alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings, which comprises the steps of utilizing wastes, changing wastes into valuables, removing impurities contained in the steel shavings, testing components and contents of elements contained in the steel shavings, calculating the content of required elements according to the model and chemical composition requirements required by a casting, adding the required elements according to the proportion every time, measuring the carbon content of molten iron after melting to be 90-95%, and removing impurities floating on the top of a furnace, wherein the impurities of the steel shavings exceed the standard and the performance index of a carburant is poor before the alloy elements are put into the furnace, sampling and testing, adding a certain amount of carburant according to calculation, and finally putting the alloy elements into the furnace according to the calculated amount.

Description

Method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing cast iron by using steel shavings, belonging to the field of casting.
Background
China is a large country for importing iron ores, the iron ores are nonrenewable mineral resources, domestic infrastructure consumes a large amount of steel every year, waste is recycled, the utilization rate of resources is improved, the environment is protected, circular economy is realized, and the method is suitable for sustainable development of economy and has great significance.
Because the raw material price is continuously increased, the labor cost is continuously increased, the environment protection supervision intensity is increased, the running expense of equipment is increased, the casting industry faces the rapid cost increase, the profit is eaten by silkworm, the survival of the industry is in crisis, the cost is reduced, the casting process is improved, the product quality is improved, and the urgent need is met.
At present, finished steel and waste steel are used as raw materials for manufacturing castings in domestic cast steel and cast iron, wherein firstly, the finished steel and the waste steel have high relative cost, and firstly, the waste steel has high impurity content through chemical reaction and poor casting performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The method comprises the steps of utilizing waste materials, changing waste materials into valuable materials, removing impurities contained in steel shavings, testing components and contents of elements contained in the steel shavings, calculating the content of required elements according to the model and chemical component requirements required by a casting, adding the required elements in proportion each time, enabling the molten steel shavings to occupy 90-95% of a furnace body, removing the impurities floating on the top of the furnace, testing the carbon content of molten iron according to the requirements before alloy elements are put in, exceeding the standard of the impurities of the steel shavings, enabling the performance index of a carburant to be poor, easily enabling the carbon content to be lower than the requirements, sampling, testing, adding a certain amount of carburant through calculation, and finally putting the alloy elements according to the calculated amount.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shaving cast iron comprises the following steps:
the first step, measurement and calculation: removing impurities from the steel shavings, measuring the components and the contents of elements in the steel shavings, calculating the content of the elements required for manufacturing the cast iron, looking up a table for calculation, and executing according to the national standard specified parameters of the cast iron;
step two, selecting a carburant: the carbon content of the carburant is 90-99.9%, the balance is ash, volatile matters and water, and the sulfur content is less than 0.2%;
step three, preparation of the cast iron liquid: adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, adding 30-60 kg of carburant into each ton of steel shavings, wherein the amount of the steel shavings placed in the medium-frequency induction furnace before heating is 20-40% of the volume of the furnace, uniformly covering a layer of carburant on the steel shavings in proportion, sequentially adding the steel shavings and the carburant in batches according to proportion when a small amount of molten steel appears at the bottom of the medium-frequency induction furnace, melting the molten steel in the medium-frequency induction furnace to 80-90% of the capacity of the furnace body, completing the addition of the needed carburant, adding the carburant in batches to fully contact the steel shavings, then continuously adding the steel shavings, taking up 90-95% of the furnace body after the molten steel is melted, removing impurities floating on the top of the furnace, testing the carbon content in the molten steel before adding alloy elements, and adding the needed supplement amount into the medium-frequency induction furnace through recalculation when the carbon content does not meet the design requirement, the supplement quantity is the difference of the theoretical value minus the measured value, the design requirement of the needed cast iron is met, the carbon content can be reached according to the theoretical calculation, but the carbon content in the steel water can not meet the requirement of theoretical calculation when being tested, and the analysis causes that firstly, the impurities of the steel shavings exceed the standard, secondly, the performance index of the carburant is poor, the measured result value is smaller than the theoretical value, the performance index difference means that the content of impurities and S, P is high, the absorption of carbon is influenced, measures of removing impurities and reducing the content of S, P are taken, 65-75% of ferrosilicon is put in at last, the putting amount of 20-30 kg and 55-75% of ferromanganese per ton is calculated according to the requirement of the manufactured cast iron, all the put alloy elements are melted, the furnace temperature is increased to 1450-1620 ℃, the components of molten steel are sampled and tested, a triangular test block is manufactured, the test block is qualified in detection, and the whole preparation process is finished.
The steel shavings produced in the machining process contain five major elements, namely carbon which is less than or equal to 0.6 percent, silicon which is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, manganese which is less than or equal to 0.8 percent, sulfur which is less than or equal to 0.09 percent and phosphorus which is less than or equal to 0.09 percent, wherein the sulfur and the phosphorus are harmful elements and are subjected to desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment.
65-75% of ferrosilicon is put in, the putting amount is 20-30 kg per ton, 55-75% of ferromanganese is put in according to the calculated amount of the manufactured cast iron, the content of silicon element and manganese element in the cast iron liquid is mainly low and can not reach the national standard of the required model, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are required to be added respectively in order to enable the material composition to reach the standard through table checking calculation, and under the normal condition, ferromanganese is not required to be put in the common cast iron.
The steel shavings need less heat energy for melting and the melting speed is fast.
When the furnace temperature reaches 1400-1650 ℃, the carburant is added to the steel shavings in batches, 1-1.5 kg of limestone is put in each ton of steel shavings, the main component of the limestone is calcium carbonate, the limestone and sulfur in the steel shavings are generated under the high-temperature condition to generate calcium sulfide and calcium silicate, the sulfur content of the steel shavings is reduced, calcium phosphate is generated secondly, the phosphorus content of the steel shavings is reduced, and the reaction speed is high at the temperature.
The steel shaving refers to chips stripped from steel products such as Q235 by machining equipment such as turning, milling, planing, grinding and drilling, and the temperature is centigrade.
At present, domestic iron casting enterprises adopt bread iron and waste machine iron as raw materials and do not adopt steel shavings as cast iron raw materials.
According to the components of elements required by the type of the produced cast iron, such as HT150, HT200 and HT250, the amount of the carburant required to be added per ton of steel shavings is calculated, the carburant is added in batches according to a proportion, namely after one layer of steel shavings are added, one layer of carburant is added, the carburant is sequentially added in batches, the carburant is fully contacted with the steel shavings in a furnace, the contact specific surface is increased, the uniform distribution of carbon elements in molten cast iron is facilitated, the carbon elements are fully absorbed to reach the required element content standard, the required element content in the molten cast iron reaches the standard, the prepared cast iron can meet the industrial standard which is a key technical step for preparing the cast iron, if the carburant is added once, the batches are not divided in proportion, the burning loss of the carburant in a large batch is serious, the absorption rate is reduced, the smelting time is also prolonged, the carbon elements in the carburant cannot be absorbed by the molten cast, the specific surface is large, and the steel-making furnace is easy to float upwards.
The method is a core technology for preparing cast iron by using steel shavings and a carburant, and the carburant is added in batches in a layered mode, so that the specific surface rate of the carburant and molten steel is maximum, and carbon is completely absorbed.
The present invention has the following advantages.
1. The needed cast iron, gray iron and ductile iron can be prepared by utilizing steel shavings and adding different amounts of carburant by calculation.
2. The performance is stable, and the addition amount of the carburant is added according to the calculated proportion.
3. At present, the price of No. 18 new iron is about 3000 yuan per ton, the price of waste steel is about 2500 yuan per ton, the price of waste steel shavings is about 2100 yuan per ton, the price of carburant is 2800-4000 yuan per ton, and the carburant is completely absorbed as cast iron components.
Detailed Description
Example 1.
A method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings comprises the following steps:
the first step, measurement and calculation: removing impurities from the steel shavings, measuring the components and the contents of elements in the steel shavings, calculating the contents of the elements required for manufacturing the cast iron, and performing desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment.
Step two, selecting a carburant: the carburant contains 99.8% of carbon, the balance of ash, volatile matter and moisture, and the sulfur content is 0.8%.
Step three, preparation of the cast iron liquid: adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, adding 35 kg of carburant into each ton of steel shavings, wherein the amount of the steel shavings placed in the medium-frequency induction furnace before heating is 25% of the volume of the furnace, uniformly covering a layer of carburant on the steel shavings in proportion, sequentially adding the steel shavings and the carburant in proportion in batches when a small amount of molten steel appears at the bottom of the medium-frequency induction furnace, melting the molten steel in the medium-frequency induction furnace to 80% of the volume of the furnace body, completing the adding of the required carburant, then continuing to add the steel shavings, wherein the molten steel accounts for 95% of the furnace body in the furnace after melting, removing impurities floating on the top of the furnace, testing the carbon content in the molten steel before adding alloy elements, adding a supplement amount into the medium-frequency induction furnace through recalculation when the carbon content does not meet the design requirement, achieving the design requirement of the required cast iron, exceeding the impurities of the steel shavings, and having poor performance indexes of the, the performance index difference is impurity, S, P high content, when the furnace temperature reaches 1600 ℃, the carburant is added to the steel shavings in batches and is finished, 1.2 kg of limestone is put in according to each ton of steel shavings, 70% ferrosilicon is put in at last, the putting amount of 25 kg and 75% ferromanganese is put in each ton, the putting amount is calculated according to the cast iron requirement, all the put alloy elements are melted, the furnace temperature is raised to 1550 ℃, the components of molten steel are sampled and assayed, a triangular test block is manufactured, the test block is qualified to detect, and the whole preparation process is finished.

Claims (1)

1. A method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step, measurement and calculation: removing impurities from the steel shavings, measuring the components and the contents of elements in the steel shavings, calculating the content of the elements required for manufacturing the iron casting, and performing desulfurization and dephosphorization treatment;
step two, selecting a carburant: the carbon content of the carburant is 90-99.9%, the balance is ash, volatile matters and water, and the sulfur content is less than 2%;
step three, preparation of the cast iron liquid: adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, adding 30-60 kg of carburant into each ton of steel shavings, wherein the amount of the steel shavings placed in the medium-frequency induction furnace before heating is 20-40% of the volume of the furnace, uniformly covering a layer of carburant on the steel shavings in proportion, sequentially adding the steel shavings and the carburant in proportion and in batches when a small amount of molten steel appears at the bottom of the medium-frequency induction furnace, melting the molten steel in the medium-frequency induction furnace to 80-90% of the capacity of the furnace body, completing the adding of the needed carburant, then continuously adding the steel shavings, wherein the molten steel accounts for 90-95% of the furnace body in the furnace after melting, removing impurities floating on the top of the furnace, testing the carbon content in the molten steel before adding alloy elements, adding a supplementary amount into the medium-frequency induction furnace after recalculation when the carbon content does not meet the design requirement, and the impurities of the steel shavings exceed the standard, the performance index difference of the carburant can cause that the measured result value is smaller than the theoretical value, the performance index difference refers to that the content of impurities and S, P is high, when the furnace temperature reaches 1400-1650 ℃, 1-1.5 kilograms of limestone is put in per ton of steel shavings, the limestone and sulfur in the steel shavings are generated under the high temperature condition, calcium sulfide and calcium silicate are generated, the content of sulfur in the steel shavings is reduced, calcium phosphate is generated, the content of phosphorus in the steel shavings is reduced, 65-75% of ferrosilicon is put in, the putting amount of 20-30 kilograms and 55-75% of ferromanganese are put in per ton, the calculated amount is put according to the manufactured cast iron requirement, all the put alloy elements are melted, the furnace temperature is increased to 1450-1620 ℃, components of molten steel are sampled and assayed, a triangular test block is manufactured, the test block is qualified, and the whole preparation process is finished.
CN202010629422.0A 2020-07-03 2020-07-03 Method for preparing cast iron by utilizing steel shavings Pending CN111575440A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1040393A (en) * 1989-08-08 1990-03-14 上海工程技术大学 Smelting process of compound cast iron from steel scrap
JPH0417631A (en) * 1990-05-09 1992-01-22 Hitachi Ltd Method and device for continuous heating and melting
CN1775981A (en) * 2005-12-06 2006-05-24 孙洪涛 Cast-iron-dust middle-frequency smelting reproduction method
CN101503776A (en) * 2009-02-17 2009-08-12 成都三强轧辊股份有限公司 Method for producing alloy iron roll
CN101633970A (en) * 2008-07-21 2010-01-27 天津市鑫磊祥金属制品工贸有限公司 Method for producing molten iron for casting by using medium frequency furnace and iron scrap
CN107058857A (en) * 2017-03-13 2017-08-18 抚州市羊易铸业有限公司 A kind of carburant absorptivity reaches more than 95% smelting scrap steel ductile iron process
CN107974611A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-01 江苏沃得机电集团有限公司 A kind of full smelting scrap steel casting QT900-5 spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production technology

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1040393A (en) * 1989-08-08 1990-03-14 上海工程技术大学 Smelting process of compound cast iron from steel scrap
JPH0417631A (en) * 1990-05-09 1992-01-22 Hitachi Ltd Method and device for continuous heating and melting
CN1775981A (en) * 2005-12-06 2006-05-24 孙洪涛 Cast-iron-dust middle-frequency smelting reproduction method
CN101633970A (en) * 2008-07-21 2010-01-27 天津市鑫磊祥金属制品工贸有限公司 Method for producing molten iron for casting by using medium frequency furnace and iron scrap
CN101503776A (en) * 2009-02-17 2009-08-12 成都三强轧辊股份有限公司 Method for producing alloy iron roll
CN107058857A (en) * 2017-03-13 2017-08-18 抚州市羊易铸业有限公司 A kind of carburant absorptivity reaches more than 95% smelting scrap steel ductile iron process
CN107974611A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-01 江苏沃得机电集团有限公司 A kind of full smelting scrap steel casting QT900-5 spheroidal graphite cast-iron and its production technology

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
陈宏祖等: "《电炉炼钢问答》", 31 March 2012 *

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Application publication date: 20200825