CN111574878A - 一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111574878A
CN111574878A CN202010356596.4A CN202010356596A CN111574878A CN 111574878 A CN111574878 A CN 111574878A CN 202010356596 A CN202010356596 A CN 202010356596A CN 111574878 A CN111574878 A CN 111574878A
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coating
visible light
reflection
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radiation cooling
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沈伟
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Hangzhou Clean Carbon Technology Co ltd
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Zhuji Ruixun New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法,包括紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂。其中紫外反射面涂含有紫外反射材料,可见光反射中涂含有可见光反射材料,近红外反射底涂含有近红外反射材料。本发明利用紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂的协同作用,能够产生极高的太阳光反射率,工艺简单、成本低廉、适用于异形和平面,可用于居民建筑、商业建筑、工业厂房等场合,具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于节能涂料技术领域,特别涉及一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
辐射降温材料在太阳辐照下实现低于大气温度的降温效果,在一定条件下能够替代空调、喷淋等方式,节能效果显著,具有巨大的应用价值。然而现有的辐射降温材料往往是含有金属镀层材料,工艺复杂、价格昂贵、而且仅适用于平整表面。
中国发明专利CN 201810238449.X(公开号为CN108250873A)公开了一种室外用全天候太阳光反射与红外辐射制冷涂料,通过添加微米级球形微珠、微米级镀金属片状体,和/或微米级镀金属球形体于涂料体系中,通过用分层涂布的方式,使得镀金属片状结构实现太阳光高反射及红外高辐射,从而达到被动式制冷的效果。然而由于使用微米级镀金属反射材料,因此该发明的反射率相对偏低,同时采用分层涂布的方式,现场工艺较为复杂。
另外,通过在涂层中引入大量的微气孔也能获得高太阳光反射率的辐射降温涂层,然而大量的气孔将降低涂层的硬度和耐磨性,同时需要600μm以上的厚度才能实现超高反射率,难以应用于对厚度有要求的场合。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多层辐射降温涂料及其制备方法,利用紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂的构建,实现0.23~2.5μm太阳辐射的超高反射率,并具有较高的硬度和耐磨性,以及较低的厚度,从而实现长期稳定的辐射降温功能。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种多层辐射降温涂料,包括紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂,所述的紫外反射面涂含有紫外反射材料,所述的可见光反射中涂含有可见光反射材料,所述的近红外反射底涂含有近红外反射材料。
现有反射隔热涂料由于0.25~0.4μm的紫外波段和0.78~2.5μm的近红外波段的反射率较低,因此其太阳光反射率通常为0.80~0.90。反射隔热涂料的反射材料基本以高效率的二氧化钛与氧化锌、空心玻璃微珠、遮盖聚合物组成,由于这些材料存在较强的紫外吸收性能,以及较低的近红外反射性能,因此仅应用该类材料难以获得0.9~0.98的太阳光反射率。本发明将紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂相结合,能够避免紫外波段的吸收,并提供近红外波段的反射,因此能够方便地获得超高太阳光反射率。
应用上述技术方案,所述的紫外线反射材料为硫酸钡、硫化锌、硅酸锆、硅酸铝钠、氧化锆、磷酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸锌钠中的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。所述的紫外线反射材料在0.25~2.5μm为极弱的吸收光谱,赋予涂层具有强太阳光反射功能;同时在2.5~25μm为较强的吸收光谱,尤其是8~13μm为强吸收光谱,赋予涂层具有强红外线辐射功能。所述的紫外线反射材料粒径为0.1~10μm,优选为0.3~5μm,保证能够对太阳光尤其是紫外光产生强散射效果。
应用上述技术方案,所述的可见光反射材料为二氧化钛、氧化锌、钛酸钡、金属铝粉、金属银粉中的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。所述的可见光反射材料在0.4~0.78μm具有极高的反射光谱,在0.78~2.5μm也具有较高的反射能力,赋予涂层具有极强的可见光反射功能和较高的近红外反射功能。所述的可见光反射材料的粒径为0.2~10μm,优选为0.3~5μm,保证能够对太阳光尤其是可见光产生强散射效果。
应用上述技术方案,所述的近红外反射材料为碳化硅、金属硅粉、硒粉、空心玻璃微珠、氧化铁红、氧化铜、氧化铁黄、硒化锌中的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。所述的近红外反射材料在0.78~2.5μm具有极高的反射能力,赋予涂层具有极强的近红外反射功能。所述的近红外反射材料的粒径为0.5~10μm,优选为0.8~5μm,保证能够对近红外光产生强散射效果。
应用上述技术方案,所述的紫外反射面涂由以下重量份的组分组成:30~60份合成树脂乳液、30~60份紫外线反射材料、20~60份填料、4~10份助剂、60~100份水。较多的合成树脂乳液和紫外线反射材料不仅能提高紫外反射性能,也能保证涂层具有较高的使用寿命。
应用上述技术方案,所述的可见光反射中涂由以下重量份的组分组成:20~40份合成树脂乳液、20~40份可见光反射材料、30~60份填料、4~10份助剂、以及60~100份水。较多的可见光反射材料和填料赋予涂层高可见光反射性能。
应用上述技术方案,所述的近红外反射底涂由以下重量份的组分组成:30~60份合成树脂乳液、10~60份近红外反射材料、20~60份填料、4~10份助剂、60~100份水。较多的合成树脂乳液和近红外反射材料不仅能提高近红外反射性能,也能保证涂层与基材具有较高的粘结力,避免涂层脱落。
应用上述技术方案,所述的合成树脂乳液为纯丙乳液、苯丙乳液、乙丙乳液、硅丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液、氟碳乳液、环氧丙烯酸乳液中的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。合成树脂乳液不仅提供成膜物质,而且具有耐老化、耐沾污、强粘结力等功能,赋予涂料较高的使用寿命。
应用上述技术方案,所述的填料为二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化铝、高岭土、云母、硅藻土的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。填料不仅能够降低涂料的成本,而且能够辅助提高涂层的耐沾污、硬度、反射性能、以及辐射性能。
应用上述技术方案,所述的助剂为润湿剂、分散剂、消泡剂、抗菌防霉剂、成膜助剂、增稠剂、防冻剂的至少一种(一种或一种以上)。助剂能够调节涂料的批次稳定性和应用效果。
一种多层辐射降温涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)紫外线反射面涂制备:将水、部分助剂、紫外线反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将成膜乳液(即合成树脂乳液)以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到紫外线反射面涂;
2)可见光反射中涂制备:将水、部分助剂、可见光反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将成膜乳液(即合成树脂乳液)以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到可见光反射中涂;
3)近红外反射底涂制备:将水、部分助剂、近红外反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将成膜乳液(即合成树脂乳液)以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到近红外反射底涂;
4)将紫外线反射面涂、可见光反射中涂、近红外反射底涂组合,进行涂布,得到多层辐射降温涂层。
最优选的,一种多层辐射降温涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)紫外线反射面涂制备:将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、紫外线反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液(即成膜乳液)以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在3m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到紫外线反射面涂;
所述的紫外线反射面涂采用以下重量份的原料:去离子水100份;助剂采用丙二醇3份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯1份、苯并异噻唑啉酮抗菌剂0.2份、聚羧酸钠盐型分散剂0.3份、羟乙基纤维素型增稠剂1.5份、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇0.8份、甲基硅油0.5份;紫外线反射材料采用粒径1~2μm硅酸铝钠60份;合成树脂乳液采用硅丙乳液60份;填料采用二氧化硅20份
2)可见光反射中涂制备:将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、可见光反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液(即成膜乳液)以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在3m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到可见光反射中涂;
所述的可见光反射中涂采用以下重量份的原料:
去离子水80份;助剂采用丙二醇4份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯1.5份、苯并异噻唑啉酮抗菌剂0.2份、聚羧酸钠盐型分散剂0.4份、羟乙基纤维素型增稠剂1.2份、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇0.6份、甲基硅油0.6份;可见光反射材料采用粒径1~3μm的金红石型二氧化钛30份;合成树脂乳液采用乙丙乳液30份;填料采用氧化铝30份;
3)近红外反射底涂制备:将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、近红外反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液(即成膜乳液)以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在3m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到近红外反射底涂;
所述的近红外反射底涂采用以下重量份的原料:去离子水60份;助剂采用丙二醇4份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯1.5份、苯并异噻唑啉酮抗菌剂0.2份、聚羧酸钠盐型分散剂0.4份、羟乙基纤维素型增稠剂1.2份、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇0.6份、甲基硅油0.6份;近红外反射材料采用粒径2~4μm的氧化铁黄60份;合成树脂乳液采用苯丙乳液40份;填料采用高岭土20份;
4)将紫外线反射面涂、可见光反射中涂、近红外反射底涂组合,进行涂布,得到多层辐射降温涂层。
该涂层太阳光反射比可达0.97,近红外反射比可达0.92,利用紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂,协同产生极高的太阳光反射率。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明采用的多层辐射降温涂料,利用紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂,协同产生极高的太阳光反射率,工艺简单、成本低廉、适用于异形和平面,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施案例对本发明进行进一步说明。下列实施例中的“份”均指重量份。成膜乳液(即合成树脂乳液)采用以下具体产品:纯丙乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-9806),有机硅乳液(瓦克化学股份有限公司,
Figure BDA0002473693260000061
BS 43N),硅丙乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-KD96),氟碳乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-9988),乙丙乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-3359),苯丙乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-816)环氧丙烯酸乳液(上海保立佳化工股份有限公司,BLJ-658)。
实施例1~4
紫外线反射面涂制备:
1)分散:
将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、紫外线反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;
2)搅拌:
将成膜乳液以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在3m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到紫外反射面涂。
表1
Figure BDA0002473693260000062
实施例5~8
可见光反射中涂制备:
1)分散:
将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、可见光反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;
2)搅拌:
将成膜乳液以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到可见光反射中涂。
表2
Figure BDA0002473693260000071
实施例9~12
近红外反射底涂制备:
1)分散:
将去离子水、二分之一重量份的助剂、近红外反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在20m/s的线速度下分散70min,得到浆料;
2)搅拌:
将成膜乳液以及余下二分之一重量份的助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌30min,经90目的筛网过滤,得到近红外反射底涂。
表3
Figure BDA0002473693260000081
实施例13~18
将紫外线反射面涂、可见光反射中涂、近红外反射底涂组合,按200g/平米的湿膜重量进行涂布,得到不同的涂层,具体见表4。
表4
Figure BDA0002473693260000082
将实施例13~18得到的本发明辐射降温涂料产品按《JG/T 235-2014建筑反射隔热涂料》测试太阳光反射比与近红外反射比,结果如表5所示。
表5
实施例13 实施例14 实施例15 实施例16 实施例17 实施例18
太阳光反射比 0.96 0.92 0.93 0.66 0.97 0.82
近红外反射比 0.93 0.94 0.90 0.85 0.92 0.86
由表5可见,本发明采用的多层辐射降温涂料,利用紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂,协同产生极高的太阳光反射率,工艺简单、成本低廉、适用于异形和平面,可用于居民建筑、商业建筑、工业厂房等场合,具有广阔的应用前景。

Claims (10)

1.一种多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,包括紫外反射面涂、可见光反射中涂和近红外反射底涂,所述的紫外反射面涂含有紫外反射材料,所述的可见光反射中涂含有可见光反射材料,所述的近红外反射底涂含有近红外反射材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的紫外线反射材料为硫酸钡、硫化锌、硅酸锆、硅酸铝钠、氧化锆、磷酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸锌钠中的一种或一种以上;
所述的紫外线反射材料的粒径为0.1~10μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的可见光反射材料为二氧化钛、氧化锌、钛酸钡、金属铝粉、金属银粉中的一种或一种以上;
所述的可见光反射材料的粒径为0.2~10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的近红外反射材料为碳化硅、金属硅粉、硒粉、空心玻璃微珠、氧化铁红、氧化铜、氧化铁黄、硒化锌中的一种或一种以上;
所述的近红外反射材料的粒径为0.5~10μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的紫外反射面涂由以下重量份的组分组成:
Figure FDA0002473693250000011
6.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的可见光反射中涂由以下重量份的组分组成:
Figure FDA0002473693250000012
Figure FDA0002473693250000021
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的近红外反射底涂由以下重量份的组分组成:
Figure FDA0002473693250000022
8.根据权利要求5~7任一项所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的合成树脂乳液为纯丙乳液、苯丙乳液、乙丙乳液、硅丙乳液、聚氨酯乳液、氟碳乳液、环氧丙烯酸乳液中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5~7任一项所述的多层辐射降温涂料,其特征在于,所述的填料为二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化铝、高岭土、云母、硅藻土的至少一种;
所述的助剂为润湿剂、分散剂、消泡剂、抗菌防霉剂、成膜助剂、增稠剂、防冻剂的至少一种。
10.一种多层辐射降温涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)紫外线反射面涂制备:将水、部分助剂、紫外线反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到紫外线反射面涂;
2)可见光反射中涂制备:将水、部分助剂、可见光反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到可见光反射中涂;
3)近红外反射底涂制备:将水、部分助剂、近红外反射材料、填料添加至高速分散机中,在10~30m/s的线速度下分散20min~120min,得到浆料;将合成树脂乳液以及余下助剂加至该浆料中,在1~5m/s的速度下搅拌15min~45min,经80~100目的筛网过滤,得到近红外反射底涂;
4)将紫外线反射面涂、可见光反射中涂、近红外反射底涂组合,得到多层辐射降温涂料。
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