CN111574279A - High-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 52 to 74 percent of ammonium nitrate, 10 to 30 percent of ammonium sulfate, 7.5 to 15 percent of humic acid, 1.5 to 3 percent of ammonia water, 2 to 6 percent of high molecular polymer, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of defoaming agent and 1 to 3 percent of biological bacteria. The preparation method adopts a high tower granulation technology, humic acid is ammoniated and a defoaming agent is added to prevent slurry from overflowing, and biological bacteria are added during cooling to improve the survival rate of the microbial inoculum. The product is suitable for fruit and vegetable economic crops, contains two quick-acting nitrogen of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and utilizes organic matters, humic acid, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria to activate, repair and improve soil.

Description

High-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high tower fertilizer, in particular to a high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Different crops have different requirements for the effect of fertilizers, for example: the field crops need slow release fertilizers, the fruit and vegetable economic crops need quick-acting fertilizers, the slow release fertilizers technology is deeply researched at the present stage of China, but the research and development of the quick-acting fertilizers are insufficient, the quick-acting fertilizers used by the existing fruit and vegetable crops are basically urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and other nitrogen fertilizers, only contain one nitrogen element, and the fertilizers have single functions and do not have the function of improving the soil environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function, and the product contains the following quick-acting nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and also contains humic acid, organic matters, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria. Activating, repairing and improving soil by using humic acid, organic matters, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function comprises, by mass, 52-74% of ammonium nitrate, 10-30% of ammonium sulfate, 7.5-15% of humic acid, 1.5-3% of ammonia water, 2-6% of high-molecular polymer, 0.2-0.5% of defoaming agent and 1-3% of biological bacteria.

The mass ratio of the ammonia water to the humic acid is 1: 5, and the ammonia water to the humic acid are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 5 through a large number of tests, so that the ammoniation effect is best.

The high molecular polymer is polyacrylamide or polyacrylate, the addition amount is determined according to the soil condition and the product caking degree, the polyacrylamide and the polyacrylate can improve the granular structure of soil, prevent soil hardening, absorb condensed water to prevent recrystallization, and keep a certain anti-caking effect of the fertilizer under high humidity, and the polyacrylamide and the polyacrylate have good water solubility and are suitable for high-tower production processes.

The defoaming agent is dimethyl silicone oil or higher alcohol fatty acid ester, the defoaming agent is food grade, no adverse effect is caused on crops, the defoaming agent is used for eliminating foam generated by humic acid under the condition of high temperature and the humic acid is subjected to ammoniation treatment, so that the slurry is ensured not to overflow, and the normal production is ensured.

The biological bacteria are two combinations of bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis.

The preparation method of the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the soil improvement function is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) ammoniation of humic acid (for later use)

1.1 mixing materials: adding metered ammonia water and humic acid into a mixing stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 5-6 min;

1.2, drying and ammoniation: the mixed material enters a drying ammoniation machine, the ammoniation and drying treatment of humic acid is completed by utilizing the drying temperature, the temperature of gas at the outlet of the drying machine is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, the drying ammoniation time is 30-35min, the water content of the material is controlled to be below 1 percent, a large number of experiments are carried out, the ammonia water is utilized to ammoniate the humic acid, the slurry overflow tank can be effectively controlled, the water solubility of the humic acid can be improved, and the use effect of the humic acid is improved;

(2) adding metered ammonium nitrate into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 170-175 ℃, and overflowing the melted ammonium nitrate solution into a primary mixing tank;

(3) adding metered ammonium sulfate into a primary mixing tank, uniformly mixing the ammonium sulfate with an ammonium nitrate solution, controlling the temperature of the primary mixing tank to be 160-165 ℃, and overflowing the mixed molten material into a secondary mixing tank;

(4) adding a high molecular polymer, the humic acid prepared in the step (1) and a defoaming agent into a secondary mixing tank in a metered manner, and mixing the mixture with a molten material for less than 5min to obtain mixed molten slurry, wherein the temperature of the secondary mixing tank is controlled to be 145-150 ℃;

(5) emulsifying the mixed melted slurry by an emulsifying machine, completing spray granulation in a granulation tower by using a differential granulator, and naturally cooling in the granulation tower, wherein the temperature of material particles below the tower is less than 80 ℃;

(6) respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening on material particles below the tower, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, the screened particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm and the screened particles with the diameter of less than 2.0mm return to a primary mixing tank, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) spraying the prepared biological bacterial liquid on qualified products at the inlet of a cooling machine in an atomizing mode, quickly sucking the biological bacterial liquid by utilizing the temperature of the biological bacterial liquid, adding the biological bacterial liquid in a cooling process, preventing a large amount of biological bacteria from being killed due to high temperature in a high tower granulation process, improving the survival rate of strains, and cooling for 40-45 min;

(8) and (4) feeding the cooled qualified product into a wrapping machine, and packaging after anti-caking treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the soil improvement function and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:

1. the nitrate nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen contained in the product are all quick-acting nitrogen, and after the fertilizer is applied to soil, the nitrate nitrogen starts to be released in 3-7 days and the ammonium nitrogen starts to be released in 10-15 days.

2. By ammoniating humic acid and adding the defoaming agent, the process problems that slurry overflows due to humic acid addition in high tower production, normal production cannot be realized, and potential safety hazards are caused are solved.

3. The product contains humic acid, organic matters, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria, and has the effects of promoting the fertilizer synergism, enhancing the soil fertility, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the quality and the yield of crops and enhancing the disease resistance of the crops.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

as shown in figure 1, the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the soil improvement function comprises, by mass, 52% -74% of ammonium nitrate, 10% -30% of ammonium sulfate, 7.5% -15% of humic acid, 1.5% -3% of ammonia water, 2% -6% of high-molecular polymer, 0.2% -0.5% of defoaming agent and 1% -3% of biological bacteria.

The mass ratio of the ammonia water to the humic acid is 1: 5.

The high molecular polymer is polyacrylamide or polyacrylate, and the adding amount is determined according to the soil condition and the product caking degree.

The defoaming agent is dimethyl silicone oil or higher alcohol fatty acid ester.

The biological bacteria are two combinations of bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis.

The preparation method of the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the soil improvement function is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) ammoniation of humic acid (for later use)

1.1 mixing materials: adding metered ammonia water and humic acid into a mixing stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 5-6 min;

1.2, drying and ammoniation: the mixed material enters a drying ammoniation machine, the ammoniation and drying treatment of humic acid is completed by utilizing the drying temperature, the temperature of gas at the outlet of the drying machine is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, the drying ammoniation time is 30-35min, and the water content of the material is controlled to be below 1%;

(2) adding metered ammonium nitrate into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 170-175 ℃, and overflowing the melted ammonium nitrate solution into a primary mixing tank;

(3) adding metered ammonium sulfate into a primary mixing tank, uniformly mixing the ammonium sulfate with an ammonium nitrate solution, controlling the temperature of the primary mixing tank to be 160-165 ℃, and overflowing the mixed molten material into a secondary mixing tank;

(4) adding a high molecular polymer, the humic acid prepared in the step (1) and a defoaming agent into a secondary mixing tank in a metered manner, and mixing the mixture with a molten material for less than 5min to obtain mixed molten slurry, wherein the temperature of the secondary mixing tank is controlled to be 145-150 ℃;

(5) emulsifying the mixed melted slurry by an emulsifying machine, completing spray granulation in a granulation tower by using a differential granulator, and naturally cooling in the granulation tower, wherein the temperature of material particles below the tower is less than 80 ℃;

(6) respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening on material particles below the tower, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, the screened particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm and the screened particles with the diameter of less than 2.0mm return to a primary mixing tank, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) spraying the prepared biological bacterial liquid onto qualified products at the inlet of a cooling machine in an atomizing mode, and rapidly sucking the biological bacterial liquid by utilizing the temperature of the biological bacterial liquid, wherein the cooling time is 40-45 min;

(8) and (4) feeding the cooled qualified product into a wrapping machine, and packaging after anti-caking treatment.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

example 1: the product content is 25%, taking the consumption quota of 1 ton of product raw materials as an example:

name of raw materials	Input amount (kg)	N％	Description of the invention
				Ammonium nitrate	550	19.25
Ammonium sulfate	266	5.45
				Humic acid	100		Contains organic matter and humic acid
Aqueous ammonia	20	0.50
				Polyacrylamide	40
Dimethyl silicone oil	4
				Bacillus megaterium	12
Bacillus subtilis	8
				Total up to	1000	25.20

The specific production flow is as follows:

(1) ammoniation of organic matter (for use)

20 kg of metered ammonia water (containing 25% of N, the mass percentage is the same as below) and 100 kg of humic acid are added into a mixing stirrer and stirred uniformly for 5.5 min. The stirred mixed material enters a drying ammoniation machine, the temperature of gas at the outlet of the drying machine is controlled at 65 ℃, the drying ammoniation time is 35min, and the water content of the material is controlled below 1%;

(2) 550 kg of metered ammonium nitrate (containing 35 percent of N) is added into a melting tank, the temperature of the melting tank is controlled at 175 ℃, and the melted ammonium nitrate solution overflows to a first-stage mixing tank;

(3) 266 kg of metered ammonium sulfate (containing 20.5 percent of N) is added into a primary mixing tank and is uniformly mixed with an ammonium nitrate solution by stirring, the temperature of the primary mixing tank is controlled at 165 ℃, and the mixed molten material overflows to a secondary mixing tank;

(4) adding 40 kg of polyacrylamide and 4 kg of humic acid and dimethyl silicone oil prepared in the step (1) into a secondary mixing tank, uniformly mixing with a molten material by stirring, controlling the temperature of the secondary mixing tank at 150 ℃, and mixing with the molten material for 4.5min to obtain mixed molten slurry;

(5) emulsifying the mixed and melted slurry by an emulsifying machine to prepare slurry with good flowing property, completing spray granulation in a granulation tower by using a differential granulator, naturally cooling in the granulation tower, and controlling the temperature of material particles below the tower at 75 ℃;

(6) respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening on material particles below the tower, returning the screened particles with the particle size of more than 4.5mm and the screened particles with the particle size of less than 2.0mm to a primary mixing tank, and feeding qualified products into a cooling machine;

(7) spraying 12 kg of prepared bacillus megatherium and 8 kg of prepared bacillus subtilis to material particles in an atomizing mode at the inlet of a cooling machine, and then cooling for 45 min;

(8) and (3) feeding the cooled qualified product into a wrapping machine, performing anti-caking treatment and packaging to obtain the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the grain size of 2-4.5mm and the soil improvement function. The product contains 25.20% of N, 0.6% of water, 36N of strength, smooth and round particles, humic acid, organic matters, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria.

Example 2: the product content is 28%, taking the consumption quota of 1 ton of product raw materials as an example:

(1) ammoniation of organic matter (for use)

16 kg of metered ammonia water (containing 25% of N, the mass percentage is the same as below) and 80 kg of humic acid are added into a mixing stirrer and stirred uniformly for 5 min. The stirred mixed material enters a drying ammoniation machine, the temperature of gas at the outlet of the drying machine is controlled at 65 ℃, the drying ammoniation time is 30min, and the water content of the material is controlled below 1%;

(2) 700 kg of metered ammonium nitrate (containing 35 percent of N) is added into a melting tank, the temperature of the melting tank is controlled at 170 ℃, and the melted ammonium nitrate solution overflows to a first-stage mixing tank;

(3) adding 156 kg of metered ammonium sulfate (containing 20.5 percent of N) into a primary mixing tank, uniformly mixing with an ammonium nitrate solution by stirring, controlling the temperature of the primary mixing tank at 160 ℃, and overflowing the mixed molten material into a secondary mixing tank;

(4) adding 30 kg of polyacrylate and 3 kg of humic acid and higher alcohol fatty acid ester prepared in the step (1) into a secondary mixing tank, uniformly mixing with the molten material by stirring, controlling the temperature of the secondary mixing tank at 145 ℃, and mixing with the molten material for 4.5min to obtain mixed molten slurry;

(5) emulsifying the mixed and melted slurry by an emulsifying machine to prepare slurry with good flowing property, completing spray granulation in a granulation tower by using a differential granulator, naturally cooling in the granulation tower, and controlling the temperature of material particles below the tower at 75 ℃;

(6) respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening on material particles below the tower, returning the screened particles with the particle size of more than 4.5mm and the screened particles with the particle size of less than 2.0mm to a primary mixing tank, and feeding qualified products into a cooling machine;

(7) spraying 7 kg of prepared bacillus megatherium and 8 kg of prepared bacillus subtilis to material particles in an atomizing mode at the inlet of a cooling machine, and then cooling for 45 min;

(8) and (3) feeding the cooled qualified product into a wrapping machine, performing anti-caking treatment and packaging to obtain the high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with the grain size of 2-4.5mm and the soil improvement function. The product contains 28.10% of N, 0.5% of water, 37N of strength and smooth and round particles, contains humic acid, organic matters, high molecular polymers and biological bacteria.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A high-tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with a soil improvement function is characterized in that ammonium nitrate accounts for 52-74% of the total input raw material amount by mass, ammonium sulfate accounts for 10-30% of the total input raw material amount by mass, humic acid accounts for 7.5-15% of the total input raw material amount by mass, ammonia water accounts for 1.5-3% of the total input raw material amount by mass, high-molecular polymer accounts for 2-6% of the total input raw material amount by mass, a defoaming agent accounts for 0.2-0.5% of the total input raw material amount by mass, and biological bacteria accounts for 1-3% of the total input raw material amount by mass.

2. The high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ammonia water to humic acid is 1: 5.

3. The high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high molecular polymer is polyacrylamide or polyacrylate, and the addition amount is determined according to soil condition and caking degree of the product.

4. The high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the defoaming agent is dimethicone or higher alcohol fatty acid ester.

5. The high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function of claim 1, wherein the biological bacteria are two combinations of bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis.

6. The method for preparing a high tower quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with soil improvement function as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) ammoniation of humic acid (for later use)

1.1 mixing materials: adding metered ammonia water and humic acid into a mixing stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 5-6 min;

1.2, drying and ammoniation: the mixed material enters a drying ammoniation machine, the ammoniation and drying treatment of humic acid is completed by utilizing the drying temperature, the temperature of gas at the outlet of the drying machine is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, the drying ammoniation time is 30-35min, and the water content of the material is controlled to be below 1%;

(2) adding metered ammonium nitrate into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 170-175 ℃, and overflowing the melted ammonium nitrate solution into a primary mixing tank;

(3) adding metered ammonium sulfate into a primary mixing tank, uniformly mixing the ammonium sulfate with an ammonium nitrate solution, controlling the temperature of the primary mixing tank to be 160-165 ℃, and overflowing the mixed molten material into a secondary mixing tank;

(4) adding a high molecular polymer, the humic acid prepared in the step (1) and a defoaming agent into a secondary mixing tank in a metered manner, and mixing the mixture with a molten material for less than 5min to obtain mixed molten slurry, wherein the temperature of the secondary mixing tank is controlled to be 145-150 ℃;

(5) emulsifying the mixed melted slurry by an emulsifying machine, completing spray granulation in a granulation tower by using a differential granulator, and naturally cooling in the granulation tower, wherein the temperature of material particles below the tower is less than 80 ℃;

(6) respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening on material particles below the tower, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, the screened particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm and the screened particles with the diameter of less than 2.0mm return to a primary mixing tank, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) spraying the prepared biological bacterial liquid onto qualified products at the inlet of a cooling machine in an atomizing mode, and rapidly sucking the biological bacterial liquid by utilizing the temperature of the biological bacterial liquid, wherein the cooling time is 40-45 min;

(8) and (4) feeding the cooled qualified product into a wrapping machine, and packaging after anti-caking treatment.

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