CN111574195A - Ceramic aggregate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic aggregate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111574195A CN111574195A CN202010474766.9A CN202010474766A CN111574195A CN 111574195 A CN111574195 A CN 111574195A CN 202010474766 A CN202010474766 A CN 202010474766A CN 111574195 A CN111574195 A CN 111574195A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ceramic aggregate and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization. The raw materials by weight portion are: 20-85 parts of river bottom mud, 5-50 parts of mill soil and 10-50 parts of flint clay. The invention provides a new solution for treating the river bottom mud by taking the river bottom mud as a main raw material. In addition, the river bottom mud is waste, the waste is recycled, the cost for producing the ceramsite is greatly reduced, the problem of river pollution is solved from the source, the generated waste is recycled, the use of clay substances is reduced, the river bottom mud is sintered into the ceramic aggregate, the problem of treatment of heavy metals, organic poisons and the like in the bottom mud is solved, the ceramic aggregate can be applied, the resource recycling is realized, and the environment and economic benefits are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a ceramic aggregate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The complete water system includes the overburden, sediment and surrounding environment. The river bottom mud refers to the river bottom mud formed by the retention and accumulation in the river through the rainwater washing of pollutants generated in natural erosion, biological activities, organic substance degradation and human production and life and the atmospheric sedimentation and transfer of pollutants in waste gas into the river. The sediment is a substrate for growth of aquatic plants and a place for breeding benthonic animals, and meanwhile, the sediment is also a place for accumulated enrichment of various pollutants, and the concentration of the pollutants in the sediment can reflect the pollution degree of a river to a certain degree.
The types and hazards of the common pollutants of the river bottom mud are as follows:
(1) nitrogen and phosphorus, and the like. N, P and other nutrient elements entering the water body through various ways are partially absorbed and converted into nutrient substances by the aquatic plants, the nutrient substances are dynamically balanced with the water body, but a considerable part of nutrient elements are deposited in the bottom sediment, when the water body pollution source is controlled to a certain degree, the N, P release comes from the river bottom sediment, and the water body eutrophication can be caused when the water body pollution source is serious.
(2) Heavy metals. The heavy metals in the river can be combined with different carriers and exist in various forms such as a carbonate combined state, an exchangeable state, an organic matter combined state, an iron-manganese oxide combined state and the like, the heavy metals in different forms have different bioavailabilities, and the heavy metals can be absorbed and utilized by organisms or have toxic effects on the organisms. The higher the concentration of the contaminant in the water, the greater the accumulation of the contaminant by the organisms.
(3) A great deal of organic matters which are difficult to degrade. Organic matters such as PCH, PCBs and the like are enriched and accumulated in the bottom mud in large quantity due to the characteristics of strong hydrophobicity, difficult degradation and the like. POPs pollutants in the bottom mud can reach higher concentration in organisms through biological enrichment, so that a strong toxic effect is generated on the organisms, and the enrichment can harm human beings in a food chain mode.
(4) PTS. PTS is a permanent toxicant which can reach higher concentration in organisms through enrichment, thereby generating stronger toxic action on the organisms. The pollutants can also be accumulated in animals and human organisms in large quantities through transfer, transformation, exposure and the like in a multi-medium environment system such as air-water-organism-bottom mud, and the like, thereby forming a great threat to the health of the animals and the human beings.
At present, the repair technology aiming at river sediment mainly comprises in-situ repair and ex-situ repair. In situ repair techniques include in situ chemical repair techniques, in situ biological repair techniques, and in situ masked blanket repair techniques. The in-situ chemical remediation technology mainly decomposes organic matters or forms stable substances with the organic matters to be attached to the bottom sediment by adding chemical reagents into the bottom sediment, and the method is unstable and does not fundamentally solve the problem. In situ bioremediation techniques include phytoremediation techniques and microbial remediation techniques. The method mainly aims to add artificially and specially cultured strains or plant submerged plants into the polluted bottom sediment, and treats the pollutants in the bottom sediment by the methods of adsorption, transfer, conversion, degradation and the like. The in-situ masking covering repair technology aims at placing one or more layers of covering materials on in-situ bottom mud to prevent pollutants from entering an upper water body. Rivers and lakes with fast water speed are not suitable for the method.
The ectopic repair technology comprises a sediment flotation repair technology and a sediment dredging repair technology. The flotation remediation technology has a good remediation effect on anaerobic bottom sediment metal sulfides, the removal rate can approach 80%, but the inventor finds that heavy metals are easy to be redispersed due to different oxidation strengths, so that the efficiency is reduced. The dredging and repairing technology refers to manual dredging, and can permanently remove polluted bottom mud, but the bottom mud cannot be stacked for a long time, otherwise, secondary pollution is caused. Therefore, if a dredging repair technique is used which permanently removes the contamination of the sediment, it is necessary to prepare the cleared sediment in advance for disposal.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a ceramic aggregate and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention takes the river bottom mud as the main raw material to successfully prepare the high-strength ceramic aggregate, can be widely applied to the fields of buildings, road construction and the like, and effectively solves the problem of secondary pollution caused by incomplete pollution treatment or long-term stacking of the river bottom mud, thereby having good practical popularization and application values.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a ceramic aggregate, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-85 parts of river bottom mud, 5-50 parts of mill soil and 10-50 parts of flint clay;
further, the ceramic aggregate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of river sediment, 5-20 parts of mill soil and 15-30 parts of flint clay.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above ceramic aggregate, comprising: pulverizing the above materials, drying, adding water, mixing, granulating, drying, sintering, and cooling.
Specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the raw materials;
(2) adding water into the dried raw materials according to the mass ratio, mixing, stirring and granulating to obtain an aggregate blank sample;
(3) drying the bone blank sample in the step (2), and then sintering at low temperature to obtain prefabricated ceramsite;
(4) and (4) roasting the prefabricated ceramsite obtained in the step (3) at a high temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ceramic aggregate.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of the above ceramic aggregate in any one of the following 1) to 3):
1) heavy metal adsorption treatment;
2) degrading organic pollutants;
3) and (5) building construction.
The beneficial effects of one or more of the above technical solutions are as follows:
the method takes the river bottom mud as the main raw material and provides a new solution for treating the river bottom mud. In addition, the river bottom mud is waste, the waste is recycled, the cost for producing the ceramsite is greatly reduced, the problem of river pollution is solved from the source, the generated waste is recycled, the use of clay substances is reduced, the river bottom mud is sintered into the ceramic aggregate, the problem of treatment of heavy metals, organic poisons and the like in the bottom mud is solved, the ceramic aggregate can be applied, the resource recycling is realized, and the environment and economic benefits are obvious.
Through the high-temperature sintering process, the ceramic aggregate is finally formed by carrying out solid-phase and liquid-phase reactions among the aggregate raw materials. Meanwhile, the river bottom mud is incinerated at high temperature through a kiln system, heavy metals in the river bottom mud are melted and solidified in aggregate, and various refractory organic matters and persistent organic poisons in the bottom mud are decomposed at high temperature, so that harmless and recycling treatment is realized. The vitroceramic glass phase is coated with heavy metal to prevent the leaching of the heavy metal, so the vitroceramic glass phase has good practical application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanned topography map of a river sediment ceramic aggregate section in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As mentioned before, in ex-situ remediation of river bottom sediment, how to dispose of the removed polluted bottom sediment becomes a complicated and difficult problem.
In view of the above, the invention provides a river bottom mud ceramic aggregate and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problem of secondary pollution caused by incomplete bottom mud pollution treatment or long-term stacking.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the ceramic aggregate is provided, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-85 parts of river bottom mud, 5-50 parts of mill soil and 10-50 parts of flint clay;
in another embodiment of the present invention, the ceramic aggregate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of river sediment, 5-20 parts of mill soil and 15-30 parts of flint clay.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above ceramic aggregate, comprising: pulverizing the above materials, drying, adding water, mixing, granulating, drying, sintering, and cooling.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method comprises:
(1) crushing and drying the raw materials;
(2) adding water into the dried raw materials according to the mass ratio, mixing, stirring and granulating to obtain an aggregate blank sample;
(3) drying the bone blank sample in the step (2), and then sintering at low temperature to obtain prefabricated ceramsite;
(4) and (4) roasting the prefabricated ceramsite obtained in the step (3) at a high temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ceramic aggregate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the fineness of the pulverized powder is 100-200 meshes; by controlling the crushing fineness of the materials, the difference of particle sizes among different raw materials is reduced, and the difference of products among individuals caused by layering due to different densities and particle sizes after the raw materials are mixed is avoided.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the water to the dried mixed raw material is 1: 3-5; preferably 1: 4.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the drying specifically includes: drying for 2-4h at the temperature of 100-110 ℃.
The specific conditions of the low-temperature sintering are as follows: preserving the heat for 20-30min at the temperature of 450-; the preferred temperature is 470 ℃.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the high-temperature calcination specifically includes: keeping the temperature at 1100-1180 ℃ for 20-30 min.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a use of the above ceramic aggregate in any one of the following 1) to 3):
1) heavy metal adsorption treatment;
2) degrading organic pollutants;
3) and (5) building construction.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of river sediment ceramic aggregate is carried out according to the following operation steps: firstly, respectively crushing and drying raw materials such as river sediment, mill soil, flint clay and the like to ensure that the crushed particles are less than or equal to 100 meshes; secondly, storing the crushed raw materials respectively; mixing the crushed raw materials according to the following mass ratio (80 parts, 5 parts and 15 parts of river sediment and mill soil and flint clay respectively); adding water into the mixed crushed materials, uniformly stirring, granulating by using a granulator, and taking out after putting into a 100-plus-110 ℃ drying oven for 2-4 h; and fifthly, putting the dried aggregate into a muffle furnace, heating to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 20-30min, heating to 1100-1180 ℃, and preserving heat for 20-30min to obtain the preparation of the river bottom mud ceramic aggregate.
In the first step, the raw materials are respectively crushed and crushed to be less than or equal to 100 meshes, so that the difference of particle sizes of different raw materials is reduced, and the difference of product individuals caused by layering due to different densities and particle sizes of the mixed raw materials is avoided.
The weight ratio of water to the mixture was 1: 4.
As shown in fig. 1, after the sintering process, a vitreous body can appear in the ceramic aggregate, and a glaze layer appears on the surface of the ceramic aggregate. The occurrence of this phenomenon indicates that the heavy metals in the river bottom mud can be effectively fixed inside the ceramic aggregate.
Example 2
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the raw materials are in different proportions, and the river bottom mud: mill soil: 70 parts of flint clay, 5 parts of flint clay and 25 parts of flint clay;
the sintering temperature was varied, and the sintering temperature in example 2 was 1120-1240 ℃, and the other steps and parameters were the same as those in example 1.
After the sintering process, a vitreous body can appear in the ceramic aggregate, and a glaze layer appears on the surface of the ceramic aggregate. The occurrence of this phenomenon indicates that the heavy metals in the river bottom mud can be effectively fixed inside the ceramic aggregate.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the raw materials are river sediment: mill soil: 50 parts, 20 parts and 30 parts of flint clay, the sintering temperature of 1140 and 1260 ℃, and other operation steps and parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
After the sintering process, a vitreous body can appear in the ceramic aggregate, and a glaze layer appears on the surface of the ceramic aggregate. The occurrence of this phenomenon indicates that the heavy metals in the river bottom mud can be effectively fixed inside the ceramic aggregate.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the raw materials are river sediment: mill soil: the flint clay is respectively 20 parts, 35 parts and 45 parts, the firing temperature is 1160-.
After the sintering process, a vitreous body can appear in the ceramic aggregate, and a glaze layer appears on the surface of the ceramic aggregate. The occurrence of this phenomenon indicates that the heavy metals in the river bottom mud can be effectively fixed inside the ceramic aggregate.
It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples given, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solution of the present invention as needed or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ceramic aggregate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-85 parts of river bottom mud, 5-50 parts of mill soil and 10-50 parts of flint clay.
2. The ceramic aggregate of claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of river sediment, 5-20 parts of mill soil and 15-30 parts of flint clay.
3. A method for preparing a ceramic aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises: crushing the raw materials, drying, adding water, mixing, granulating, drying, sintering and cooling to obtain the fertilizer.
4. The method of claim 3, comprising:
(1) crushing and drying the raw materials;
(2) adding water into the dried raw materials according to the mass ratio, mixing, stirring and granulating to obtain an aggregate blank sample;
(3) drying the bone blank sample in the step (2), and then sintering at low temperature to obtain prefabricated ceramsite;
(4) and (4) roasting the prefabricated ceramsite obtained in the step (3) at a high temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ceramic aggregate.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the pulverized powder has a fineness of 100-200 meshes.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the water to the dried mixed raw material is 1: 3-5; preferably 1: 4.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 2-4h at the temperature of 100-110 ℃.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the specific conditions of the low-temperature sintering are as follows: preserving the heat for 20-30min at the temperature of 450-; the preferred temperature is 470 ℃.
9. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the high-temperature roasting specifically comprises the following conditions: keeping the temperature at 1100-1180 ℃ for 20-30 min.
10. Use of the ceramic aggregate of claim 1 or 2 in any one of the following 1) to 3):
1) heavy metal adsorption treatment;
2) degrading organic pollutants;
3) and (5) building construction.
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