CN111571039A - Laser cutting device and method capable of avoiding overburning - Google Patents
Laser cutting device and method capable of avoiding overburning Download PDFInfo
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- CN111571039A CN111571039A CN202010578698.0A CN202010578698A CN111571039A CN 111571039 A CN111571039 A CN 111571039A CN 202010578698 A CN202010578698 A CN 202010578698A CN 111571039 A CN111571039 A CN 111571039A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The machine table of the laser cutting device capable of avoiding overburning is provided with an x servo shaft, a y servo shaft is arranged on the x servo shaft in a sliding mode, a z servo shaft is arranged on the y servo shaft in a sliding mode, a laser cutting head is arranged on the z servo shaft, the machine table is provided with a control mechanism, the control mechanism can perform graphic processing, and the control mechanism controls the x servo shaft, the y servo shaft, the z servo shaft and the laser. A laser cutting method for avoiding overburning comprises the steps of obtaining a workpiece graph, processing to generate a cutting track, optimizing the track, establishing a linear relation of cutting speed and power through a model, establishing a linear relation of cutting speed and power according to the curvature radius of the track, further initially establishing a relation of an arc line part in the cutting track with the cutting speed and the power, establishing filtering of a straight line and the arc line, and determining the relation among the cutting track, the cutting speed and the power. The relation ensures that the laser energy on the cutting track is uniformly distributed during cutting, and avoids overburning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser cutting devices, in particular to a laser cutting device and a cutting method capable of avoiding overburning.
Background
The laser cutting is to scan the material surface with high power density focused laser beam, heat the material to thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees centigrade in a very short time to melt or vaporize the material instantaneously, and blow the melted or vaporized material away from the cutting seam with high pressure gas, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting the material.
Because the laser beam irradiates the surface of an object, the object locally generates high temperature, if the relative movement speed between the laser beam and the object is high enough, the non-irradiated part is hardly affected, the heat affected zone of laser processing is small, the damage to materials is small, and generally a good processing effect can be achieved.
In the prior art, a speed and power adjustment mode is adopted to solve the problem of overburning, the cutting speed of a light beam is determined by measuring the speed of an x servo shaft and the speed of a y servo shaft, and then the laser is controlled to output corresponding power according to the cutting speed of the light beam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a laser cutting device and a cutting method for avoiding overburning.
The laser cutting device for avoiding overburning provided by the invention comprises a machine table, wherein,
x servo shafts are arranged on two sides of the machine table along the length direction, y servo shafts are arranged on the x servo shafts in a sliding mode, the y servo shafts are perpendicular to the x servo shafts, z servo shafts are arranged on the y servo shafts in a sliding mode, and laser cutting heads are arranged on the z servo shafts; the laser cutting head is connected with a laser arranged in the machine table;
the laser processing machine is characterized in that a control mechanism capable of conducting graphic processing is arranged on the machine table and comprises a motion control module and a laser control module, the motion control module is electrically connected with the x servo axis, the y servo axis and the z servo axis of the laser cutting head, the laser control module controls the power output of the laser, and the control mechanism further comprises a storage module, a graphic processing module, a track optimization module, a model module, a speed power distribution module and a speed power optimization module.
Preferably, the motion control module is a PMAC multi-axis motion control card, and the laser control module is an LPC-1 laser power control module.
The invention also provides a laser cutting method for avoiding overburning, which is applied to the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning and comprises the following steps:
s1: importing the workpiece graph into a storage module;
s2: a graphic processing module of the control mechanism reads a workpiece graphic from the storage module and establishes the workpiece graphic in a mechanical coordinate system so that points of the workpiece graphic correspond to mechanical coordinates;
s3: the graph processing module generates a cutting track according to the workpiece graph, and finds out the corner position in the cutting track through the mechanical coordinate of the cutting track;
s4: the trajectory optimization module optimizes the cutting trajectory according to the position of the corner in the step S3, the optimized cutting trajectory data is transmitted to the image processing module to calculate the curvature radius of the cutting trajectory, and the variation range of the curvature radius is determined;
s5: inputting the material type and thickness of the workpiece and the width of a cutting seam into a model module, simulating to obtain a linear relation between the cutting speed and the laser power set by the composite parameters, and selecting a proper laser power range according to the performance of the laser to obtain a corresponding speed range;
s6: the speed power distribution module linearly fits the curvature radius in the step S4 with the speed in the step S5, obtains the linear relation between the curvature radius and the power through the linear relation between the speed and the power in the step S5, distributes the power and the speed to the corresponding position of the track, and distributes the maximum speed and the maximum power to the straight line part in the track;
s7: the speed power optimization module optimizes the joint of the track straight line and the arc line, a filtering area is intercepted on the straight line close to the arc line, the filtering area performs gentle speed change at gradually changing acceleration, and the speed change range is between the straight line speed at one end of the filtering area and the arc line speed at the other end of the transition area;
s8: the motion control module outputs control signals according to the distributed speed to control the motion speed of the x servo axis and the y servo axis, and the laser control module outputs control signals according to the distributed power to control the output power of the laser.
Preferably, the workpiece pattern is set in a coordinate system k proportional to the machine coordinate system in step S1, and the pattern processing module makes the coordinate system k coincide with the origin of the machine coordinate in step S2, scales the coordinate system k, and associates the points of the workpiece pattern with the machine coordinates.
Preferably, the corner in step S3 is a sharp corner structure formed by straight lines and straight lines, straight lines and arc lines, and arc lines, and the influence speed of which changes continuously.
Preferably, the cutting trajectory optimization in step S4 includes connecting the intersection of the two lines at the corner by a continuous arc.
Compared with the related art, the laser cutting device and the laser cutting method for avoiding overburning have the following beneficial effects:
the laser cutting device and the laser cutting method for avoiding overburning can read a workpiece graph, the cutting track is optimized according to the workpiece graph, discontinuous corners are connected by continuous arc lines in the optimization process, so that the curvature radius of other positions except the cutting track at a straight line can be calculated, the continuous arc lines are introduced, a certain time interval is formed in the two times of processing of the corners, heat dissipation is facilitated, and overburning caused by over-concentration of heat in the second processing process is avoided; the curvature radius and the cutting speed of a processing arc line are subjected to linear fitting to determine the cutting speed of each position on a cutting track, then the linear relation between the cutting speed and the laser power is determined through certain parameters, the processing power of each position of the cutting track is determined, the control mechanism controls the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning to cut workpieces at the corresponding speed power, and the situation that in the process of calculating the processing power through measuring the speed, due to time delay caused by the control process, the power control lags behind the speed detection due to the time delay, the overburning caused by untimely power change is avoided, and failure is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cutting apparatus for avoiding overburning according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control relationship of the laser cutting apparatus for avoiding overburning shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic process diagram of a laser cutting method for avoiding overburning according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of several preferred embodiments of optimizing corners in the process of optimizing a trajectory (the dotted line is an optimization part);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a transition region (within the range of the oval dotted line) on a straight-line trajectory;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the transition zone velocity change upstream of the corner of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the transition zone velocity profile downstream of the corner of FIG. 5.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1. the device comprises a machine table, 2, x servo axes, 3, y servo axes, 4, z servo axes, 5, a laser cutting head, 6, a control mechanism, 7 and a laser.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, and fig. 7 in combination, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cutting device for avoiding overburning according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control relationship of the laser cutting apparatus for avoiding overburning shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic process diagram of a laser cutting method for avoiding overburning according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of several preferred embodiments of optimizing corners in the process of optimizing a trajectory (the dotted line is an optimization part); FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a transition region (within the range of the oval dotted line) on a straight-line trajectory; FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the transition zone velocity change upstream of the corner of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the transition zone velocity profile downstream of the corner of FIG. 5.
Referring to fig. 1, the laser cutting apparatus for avoiding overburning provided by the present invention comprises a machine table 1, wherein,
an x servo shaft 2 is arranged on two sides of the machine table 1 along the length direction, a y servo shaft 3 is arranged on the x servo shaft 2 in a sliding mode, the y servo shaft 3 is perpendicular to the x servo shaft 2, a z servo shaft 4 is arranged on the y servo shaft 3 in a sliding mode, and a laser cutting head 5 is arranged on the z servo shaft 4; the laser cutting head 5 is connected with a laser 7 arranged in the machine table 1;
the control mechanism 6 capable of processing the graph is arranged on the machine table 1, the control mechanism 6 comprises a motion control module and a laser control module, the motion control module is a PMAC multi-axis motion control card, and the laser control module is an LPC-1 laser power control module. The motion control module is electrically connected with the x servo shaft 2, the y servo shaft 3 and the z servo shaft 4 of the laser cutting head, the laser control module controls the power output of the laser, referring to fig. 2, the PMAC multi-shaft motion control card controls the motion of the x servo shaft 2, the y servo shaft 3 and the z servo shaft 4, and the LPC-1 laser power control module controls the operation of the laser 7. The control mechanism 6 further comprises a storage module, a graphic processing module, a trajectory optimization module, a model module, a speed power distribution module and a speed power optimization module.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a laser cutting method for avoiding overburning of a laser cutting device, including the following steps:
s1: importing an image file containing a workpiece graph into a storage module; in the specific implementation process, a coordinate system k is arranged in the image file containing the workpiece graph, the workpiece graph is arranged in the coordinate system k, and the coordinate system k is proportional to the mechanical coordinate of the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning.
S2: and a graph processing module of the control mechanism reads the workpiece graph from the storage module, aligns a coordinate system k with the original point of the mechanical coordinate of the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning, and scales the coordinate system according to a proportional relation, so that the workpiece graph is established in the mechanical coordinate system, and the point of the workpiece graph corresponds to the mechanical coordinate.
S3: inputting kerf width data to a graph processing module, taking half of the kerf width as a standard, determining a cutting track based on a workpiece graph on the basis of the workpiece graph, and finding out a corner position in the cutting track by the graph processing module through a mechanical coordinate of the cutting track; in step S3, the corner refers to a sharp corner structure formed by straight lines and straight lines, straight lines and arc lines, and arc lines, and having a continuously changing influence speed.
S4: referring to fig. 4, in the specific implementation process, the cutting trajectory optimization module supplements a continuous arc line at the intersection of two lines at the corner, the starting position and the ending position of the arc line are respectively tangent to the two lines at the corner, and the optimized cutting trajectory data is transmitted to the graphic processing module to calculate the curvature radius of the cutting trajectory, so as to determine the variation range of the curvature radius.
S5: inputting the material type, the thickness and the kerf width of the workpiece into a model module, simulating to obtain the linear relation between the cutting speed and the laser power set by the composite parameters, and selecting a proper laser power range according to the performance of the laser to obtain a corresponding speed range.
S6: the speed power distribution module linearly fits the curvature radius in the step S4 and the speed in the step S5, obtains the linear relation between the curvature radius and the power through the linear relation between the speed and the power in the step S5, and distributes the power and the speed corresponding to the curvature radius to the arc position in the track; the speed power distribution module distributes maximum speed and maximum power to straight portions in the trajectory.
S7: referring to fig. 5, the speed and power optimizing module optimizes the connection position of the track straight line and the arc line, cuts out the filtering area on the straight line close to the arc line, and gradually changes the speed of the filtering area with gradually changing acceleration, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the absolute value of the acceleration is gradually increased from zero at first, the acceleration is accelerated, the absolute value of the acceleration is rapidly decreased after reaching the maximum, the speed is slowly decreased, and the speed change range is between the straight line speed at one end of the filtering area and the arc line speed at the other end of the transition area.
S8: the control mechanism controls the motion control module and the laser control module according to the optimized cutting track, the motion control module outputs control signals according to the distributed speed to control the motion speed of the x servo axis and the y servo axis, and the laser control module outputs control signals according to the distributed power to control the output power of the laser.
The laser cutting device and the cutting method for avoiding overburning have the following working principles:
the laser output power of the laser 7 of the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning changes along with the change of the moving speed of the laser cutting head 5, the faster the moving speed of the laser cutting head 5 is, the higher the power of the laser 7 is, the slower the moving speed of the laser cutting head 5 is, and the lower the output power of the laser 7 is, so that the consumed energy is ensured to be the same as much as possible under the condition of the same cutting length, and the overburning is avoided. And under the condition of neglecting energy loss, the power p is E x v x d, wherein E is energy density, v is cutting moving speed, and d is the diameter of a focused light spot, so that the linear relation exists between the laser power and the cutting speed, simple material, thickness and kerf width information are input through a model module, the model module obtains the linear relation between the laser power and the cutting speed according to simple model simulation, a reasonable power range is determined through the parameter performance of the laser 7, and the power range is brought into the linear relation between the power and the cutting speed to obtain the cutting speed range. The method comprises the steps that a workpiece graph is obtained through the control mechanism 6, the graph processing module of the control mechanism 6 projects the workpiece graph into a mechanical coordinate system, graph processing preparation is made, the graph processing mechanism determines a preliminary cutting track by means of the kerf width and the workpiece graph, the graph processing module finds out the corner of the preliminary cutting track, the track optimization module optimizes the corner by means of an arc in an arc library, a continuous arc line is supplemented to the intersection of two lines at the corner, the starting part of the arc line and the ending part of the arc line are tangent to two lines at the corner respectively, the optimized track is transmitted to the graph processing module to calculate the curvature radius, and the change range of the curvature radius is determined. For the laser cutting head 5, generally, the smaller the curvature radius is, the slower the moving speed is, a linear fitting relationship is established through the curvature radius variation range and the cutting speed range, so that the curvature radius corresponds to the cutting speed, the speed and power distribution module establishes a corresponding relationship between an arc portion (curvature radius determination) of a cutting track and the cutting speed, the speed and power distribution module establishes a corresponding relationship between an arc portion predicted to be cut and the power according to the linear relationship between the cutting speed and the power, and the speed and power distribution module corresponds a straight line portion of the cutting track to the maximum power of the fastest cutting speed. In the corresponding relation established preliminarily, speed abrupt change exists between the cutting track arc line and the straight line, a certain transition area is established on the straight line of the cutting track through the speed power optimization module, the moving speed of the laser cutting head 5 is gradually transited between the straight line speed and the arc line speed in the transition area, and corresponding power is distributed according to the transiting speed. Thus, a complete cutting track speed power control scheme is formed, and the control mechanism 6 controls the laser cutting device for avoiding the overburning according to the formed scheme. The mode of distributing speed and power is adopted, the consistency of speed change and power change is ensured, and power change lag caused by time delay in the power distribution process in the conventional method in the processes of measuring speed and calculating power is avoided.
The laser cutting device and the laser cutting method for avoiding overburning can read a workpiece graph, the cutting track is optimized according to the workpiece graph, discontinuous corners are connected by continuous arc lines in the optimization process, so that the curvature radius of other positions except the cutting track at a straight line can be calculated, the continuous arc lines are introduced, a certain time interval is formed in the two times of processing of the corners, heat dissipation is facilitated, and overburning caused by over-concentration of heat in the second processing process is avoided; the curvature radius and the cutting speed of a processing arc line are subjected to linear fitting to determine the cutting speed of each position on a cutting track, then the linear relation between the cutting speed and the laser power is determined through certain parameters, the processing power of each position of the cutting track is determined, the control mechanism controls the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning to cut workpieces at the corresponding speed power, and the situation that in the process of calculating the processing power through measuring the speed, due to time delay caused by the control process, the power control lags behind the speed detection due to the time delay, the overburning caused by untimely power change is avoided, and failure is avoided.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A laser cutting device for avoiding overburning is characterized by comprising a machine table (1),
an x servo shaft (2) is arranged on two sides of the machine table (1) along the length direction, a y servo shaft (3) is arranged on the x servo shaft (2) in a sliding mode, the y servo shaft (3) is perpendicular to the x servo shaft (2), a z servo shaft (4) is arranged on the y servo shaft (3) in a sliding mode, and a laser cutting head (5) is arranged on the z servo shaft (4); the laser cutting head (5) is connected with a laser (7) arranged in the machine table (1);
the laser control system is characterized in that a control mechanism (6) capable of conducting graphic processing is arranged on the machine table (1), the control mechanism (6) comprises a motion control module and a laser control module, the motion control module is electrically connected with the laser cutting head (5), the x servo shaft (2), the y servo shaft (3) and the z servo shaft (4), the laser control module controls the power output of the laser (7), and the control mechanism (6) further comprises a storage module, a graphic processing module, a track optimization module, a model module, a speed power distribution module and a speed power optimization module.
2. The laser cutting device for avoiding overburning of claim 1, wherein the motion control module is a PMAC multi-axis motion control card and the laser control module is a LPC-1 laser power control module.
3. A laser cutting method for avoiding overburning, which uses the laser cutting device for avoiding overburning as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1: importing the workpiece graph into a storage module;
s2: a graphic processing module of the control mechanism reads a workpiece graphic from the storage module and establishes the workpiece graphic in a mechanical coordinate system so that points of the workpiece graphic correspond to mechanical coordinates;
s3: the graph processing module forms a cutting track according to the workpiece graph, and finds out the corner position in the cutting track through the mechanical coordinate of the cutting track;
s4: the trajectory optimization module optimizes the cutting trajectory according to the position of the corner in the step S3, the optimized cutting trajectory data is transmitted to the image processing module to calculate the curvature radius of the cutting trajectory, and the variation range of the curvature radius is determined;
s5: inputting the material type and thickness of the workpiece and the width of a cutting seam into a model module, simulating to obtain a linear relation between the cutting speed and the laser power set by the composite parameters, and selecting a proper laser power range according to the performance of the laser to obtain a corresponding speed range;
s6: the speed power distribution module linearly fits the curvature radius in the step S4 with the speed in the step S5, obtains the linear relation between the curvature radius and the power through the linear relation between the speed and the power in the step S5, distributes the power and the speed to the corresponding position of the track, and distributes the maximum speed and the maximum power to the straight line part in the track;
s7: the speed power optimization module optimizes the joint of the track straight line and the arc line, a filtering area is intercepted on the straight line close to the arc line, the filtering area performs gentle speed change at gradually changing acceleration, and the speed change range is between the straight line speed at one end of the filtering area and the arc line speed at the other end of the transition area;
s8: the motion control module outputs control signals according to the distributed speed to control the motion speed of the x servo axis and the y servo axis, and the laser control module outputs control signals according to the distributed power to control the output power of the laser.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the workpiece pattern is placed in a coordinate system k proportional to the machine coordinate system in step S1, the pattern processing module aligns the coordinate system k with the origin of the machine coordinate system in step S2, and scales the coordinate system k to correspond the points of the workpiece pattern to the machine coordinates.
5. The method for laser cutting without overburning as claimed in claim 3, wherein the corner in step S3 is a sharp angle structure formed by straight lines and straight lines, straight lines and arc lines, and arc lines with continuously changing affecting speed.
6. The laser cutting method for avoiding overburning, as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cutting trajectory optimization in step S4, comprises connecting the intersection of two lines at the corner through a continuous arc.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010578698.0A CN111571039A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Laser cutting device and method capable of avoiding overburning |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010578698.0A CN111571039A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Laser cutting device and method capable of avoiding overburning |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113857616A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-12-31 | 山东捷瑞数字科技股份有限公司 | Cutting control method of flame cutting device |
| CN114012247A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-08 | 上海维宏智能技术有限公司 | Method and device for avoiding corner overburning slag adhering defect based on sharp corner process and arc process, processor and storage medium thereof |
| CN115582631A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-10 | 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 | Flight processing method, flight processing device, laser plane cutting equipment and medium |
| CN116441696A (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-07-18 | 中国航发成都发动机有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method and clamping device for stator assembly of aero-engine |
-
2020
- 2020-06-23 CN CN202010578698.0A patent/CN111571039A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113857616A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-12-31 | 山东捷瑞数字科技股份有限公司 | Cutting control method of flame cutting device |
| CN113857616B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-05-27 | 山东捷瑞数字科技股份有限公司 | Cutting control method of flame cutting device |
| CN114012247A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-08 | 上海维宏智能技术有限公司 | Method and device for avoiding corner overburning slag adhering defect based on sharp corner process and arc process, processor and storage medium thereof |
| CN114012247B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-12-22 | 上海维宏智能技术有限公司 | Method, device, processor and storage medium for avoiding corner overburning slag hanging defect based on sharp angle process and arc process |
| CN115582631A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-10 | 深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司 | Flight processing method, flight processing device, laser plane cutting equipment and medium |
| CN116441696A (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-07-18 | 中国航发成都发动机有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method and clamping device for stator assembly of aero-engine |
| CN116441696B (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-09-15 | 中国航发成都发动机有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method and clamping device for stator assembly of aero-engine |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |