CN111570792A - Method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing - Google Patents

Method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111570792A
CN111570792A CN202010548795.5A CN202010548795A CN111570792A CN 111570792 A CN111570792 A CN 111570792A CN 202010548795 A CN202010548795 A CN 202010548795A CN 111570792 A CN111570792 A CN 111570792A
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powder
electron beam
preheating
scanning
round
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CN111570792B (en
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龙学湖
郭瑜
潘彦明
汪强兵
郑晓川
张莹
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Guangzhou Sailong Supplementary Manufacturing Co ltd
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Guangzhou Sailong Supplementary Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for inhibiting powder splashing in 3D printing of powder bed electron beams. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out first round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed; performing a second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of each time of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-40 mA, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s-20 m/s; and melting the powder on the preset area after the second round of electron beam scanning preheating, and carrying out third round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed. By adopting the method, the powder basically has no splashing in the 3D printing process, and the 3D printed component has high density and small surface roughness.

Description

Method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for inhibiting powder splashing in powder bed electron beam 3D printing.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is not only a new technology recognized internationally, but also a strategic technology concerning the spanning development of the manufacturing industry. At present, the technology is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment, consumer electronics, molds and the like.
The selective melting technology of powder bed electron beam is a metal additive manufacturing technology using electron beam as energy source, which is based on digital model, and can realize direct molding of fine and complex parts by spreading powder layer by layer and selectively melting energy beam through the powder bed, and is an important technical means in the fields of biological medical treatment, aerospace and the like at present.
However, in the process of 3D printing additive manufacturing by using the powder bed electron beam selective melting technology, powder is often splashed along with powder bed blowing. The phenomenon can cause the defects of poor surface quality of the formed part, pores in the formed part, low density, poor mechanical property and the like.
In order to solve the problem of how to reduce powder splashing of a powder bed electron beam selective melting technology, patent 201910439201.4 provides a scheme and discloses a molybdenum-based alloy electron beam additive manufacturing method, wherein after powder is spread, the powder bed is subjected to electron beam melting with different beam current for two times, and the particle size distribution of molybdenum-based alloy powder is matched and adjusted, so that the problems of spheroidization and powder splashing in electron beam additive manufacturing are solved, and the density of a component is improved to 99.99%.
However, the patent 201910439201.4 does not solve the problem of powder splashing from the root, and the concept of the method is as follows: through the first melting, the powder which may be splashed originally is splashed and removed in advance, so that the second melting is ensured not to be splashed, and a flat surface is obtained. However, the first melting still causes the powder to splash, and the splashed powder may scatter to the surface of other parts, causing the surface of the parts to be pilling.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a method for inhibiting powder splashing in powder bed electron beam 3D printing, which is suitable for a lot of alloy powder which is easy to splash in the printing process, has no special requirements on the particle size distribution of the powder, basically has no splashing in the printing process, and has high component density and small surface roughness after 3D printing.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing comprises the following steps:
carrying out first round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed;
performing a second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of each time of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-40 mA, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s-20 m/s;
melting the powder on the preset area preheated by the second round of electron beam scanning;
and carrying out third electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming area of the powder bed.
In some preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-20 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-10 m/s.
In some preferred embodiments, the number of scanning preheating times of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 1 to 4.
In some preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 10 mA-48 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-35 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-30 s.
In some preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the third round of electron beam scanning preheating is 10 mA-45 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-20 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-30 s.
In some preferred embodiments, the method further comprises the step of heating the bottom plate of the powder bed before the first round of electron beam scanning preheating.
In some preferred embodiments, after the first round of electron beam scanning preheating, the method further comprises the step of performing a second round of electron beam scanning on the powder on the area extending outwards from the preset area by 0.5mm to 3 mm.
In some preferred embodiments, the melting current is 5 mA-20 mA, and the scanning rate is 0.5 m/s-7 m/s.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder is selected from 316L stainless steel powder, CoCrMo alloy powder.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder is 316L stainless steel powder, the preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 9 mA-12 mA each time, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder is a CoCrMo alloy powder, the preheating current for each preheating of the second round of electron beam scanning is 9 mA-12 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder has a particle size of 53 μm to 105 μm.
In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of the dusting powder is between 0.03mm and 0.1 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention firstly carries out a first round of electron beam scanning preheating, and the objects of the first round of scanning preheating are as follows: powder on the molding zone. And then carrying out a second round of electron beam scanning preheating, wherein the objects of the second round of scanning preheating are as follows: powder on a predetermined area. And further, when the second scanning preheating is carried out, specific scanning parameters are cooperatively selected. Through the matching of the steps, the binding force between the powder and the powder bed and between the powder and the powder after powder spreading is enhanced, the powder obtains certain strength, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the powder are enhanced, the electrostatic aggregation between the powder is avoided, and the powder is not easy to be taken away by coulomb force or bombardment generated by electron beams during melting. Meanwhile, the powder and molten drops are not easy to be taken away under the action of air flow recoil formed by instant gasification of the molten metal, and the phenomena of powder bed powder blowing and powder splashing in the printing process are reduced. The reinforced preheating of the powder bed in the preset area can also avoid the problem that powder is difficult to remove because the powder bed in the non-preset area is agglomerated and too hard.
Further, after melting, the powder on the forming area of the powder bed is continuously preheated by a third electron beam scanning. On one hand, performing stress relief annealing on a product after the preset area is melted; on the other hand, the powder which is not melted outside the preset area can be subjected to heat supplement, and the phenomena of powder bed powder blowing and powder splashing in the next layer of powder printing process caused by the fact that the temperature of the powder which is not melted is reduced are prevented.
By adopting the method, the powder splashing phenomenon in the electron beam printing process can be inhibited, the surface quality of the component is improved, and the mechanical property of the component is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The powder bed electron beam selective melting technology has the characteristics of high energy density, high forming speed, no pollution in vacuum environment and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of biological medicine, aerospace and the like. However, during the forming process, powder is often splashed with the powder blown from the powder bed. The occurrence of the phenomenon can cause the defects of poor surface quality of the formed part, pores in the formed part, low density, poor mechanical property and the like. Patent 201910439201.4, although giving a solution, does not solve the problem of powder splashing from the root, and the concept of the method is: through the first melting, the powder which may be splashed originally is splashed and removed in advance, so that the second melting is ensured not to be splashed, and a flat surface is obtained. However, the first melting still causes the powder to splash, and the splashed powder may scatter to the surface of other parts, causing the surface of the parts to be pilling.
Based on the above, the invention provides a method for inhibiting powder splashing in powder bed electron beam 3D printing, which is suitable for a lot of alloy powder which is easy to splash in the printing process, has no special requirements on the particle size distribution of the powder, basically has no splashing in the printing process, and has high component density and small surface roughness after 3D printing.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing comprises the following steps:
carrying out first round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed;
performing a second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of each time of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-40 mA, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s-20 m/s;
melting the powder on the preset area preheated by the second round of electron beam scanning;
and carrying out third electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming area of the powder bed.
It can be understood that the method for suppressing powder splashing in 3D printing by powder bed electron beam according to the present invention can be implemented on a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus.
Preferably, before the first round of electron beam scanning preheating, the method further comprises the step of heating the bottom plate of the powder bed, so that the temperature of the powder on the upper end of the subsequent bottom plate is maintained within a certain range. In some preferred embodiments, the heated soleplate has a temperature of 500 ℃ to 1000 ℃. It will be appreciated that the temperature of heating may be adjusted accordingly for different alloy powders.
It is understood that the above method of suppressing the splashing of the powder bed electron beam 3D printing powder can be applied to many alloy powders that easily splash during the printing process, including but not limited to 316L stainless steel powder, CoCrMo alloy powder.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder has a particle size of 53 μm to 105 μm. The particle size range is the particle size range common to powder bed electron beam 3D printing of alloy powders.
And after powder is spread, carrying out first round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed. And (4) electron beam scanning preheating, namely preheating the powder by adopting an electron beam deflection scanning heating mode. The purpose of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is to improve the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the whole powder on the powder bed, and simultaneously endow all the powder with certain strength.
It should be understood that the first round of electron beam scanning preheating may refer to one-time scanning preheating, and may also refer to multiple-time scanning preheating, and generally, the number of times of scanning preheating of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 1.
The molding section is a region slightly smaller than the area of the bottom plate, for example, a bottom plate of 120mm × 120mm, and the molding section is generally 110mm × 110 mm; the molding interval of the base plate of 210mm × 210mm is 200mm × 200 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the spread powder is 0.03 mm-0.1 mm, and the technological parameters of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating can be adjusted along with the change of the thickness of the spread powder.
Further, the technological parameters of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating can also be adjusted along with the change of the size of the powder bed bottom plate. When the area of the powder bed bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, the preheating current of each time of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is preferably 10 mA-30 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-20 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-20 s; when the area of the powder bed bottom plate is 170mm multiplied by 170mm, the preheating current of each time of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is preferably 15 mA-35 mA, the scanning speed is 10 m/s-25 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-20 s; when the area of the powder bed bottom plate is 210mm multiplied by 210mm, the preheating current of each time of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 20 mA-48 mA, the scanning speed is 10 m/s-30 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-20 s.
Furthermore, the process parameters of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating are also adjusted along with the change of the powder types. When the thickness of the powder layer is 0.05mm, the area of the bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the powder is 316L stainless steel powder, the preheating current of each time of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 22 mA-26 mA, the scanning speed is 10 m/s-30 m/s, and the scanning time is 10 s-15 s.
When the thickness of the powder layer is 0.05mm, the area of the bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, the powder is CoCrMo alloy powder, the preheating current of each time of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 25 mA-32 mA, the scanning speed is 10 m/s-30 m/s, and the scanning time is 12 s-16 s.
After the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is carried out, the invention also carries out the second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed. The second round of electron beam scanning preheating may also be referred to as: and (5) powder solidifying. Through carrying out the second round of electron beam scanning preheating to the powder on predetermineeing the region, can further strengthen intensity, thermal conductivity, the electric conductivity of this region powder, avoid forming static aggregation between the powder. Meanwhile, the problem that powder is difficult to remove due to the fact that the powder bed in a non-preset area is hard to agglomerate can be avoided.
Similarly, the second round of electron beam scanning preheating may refer to one-time scanning preheating or multiple-time scanning preheating, and in some preferred embodiments, the number of times of scanning preheating of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 1 to 4 times. In some more preferred embodiments, the number of scanning preheating times of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 2.
It is understood that the process parameters for each of the second passes of the sweep preheat may be the same or different. In some preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-20 mA, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s-10 m/s. In some more preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 9 mA-12 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
The technological parameters of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating are adjusted correspondingly for different powders.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder is 316L stainless steel powder, the preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 9 mA-12 mA each time, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
In some preferred embodiments, the powder is a CoCrMo alloy powder, the preheating current for each preheating of the second round of electron beam scanning is 9 mA-12 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
In addition, the method also comprises the step of carrying out second round of electron beam scanning on the powder on the area which extends outwards by 0.5-3 mm from the preset area, which is more favorable for ensuring that the powder bed in the whole preset area basically has no splashing in the printing process.
By carrying out the first round of electron beam scanning preheating, the objects of the first round of scanning preheating are as follows: powder on the molding zone. And then carrying out a second round of electron beam scanning preheating, wherein the objects of the second round of scanning preheating are as follows: powder on a predetermined area. And further, when the second scanning preheating is carried out, specific scanning parameters are cooperatively selected. Through the matching of the steps, the binding force between the powder and the powder bed and between the powder and the powder after the powder is spread is enhanced, the powder obtains certain strength, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the powder are enhanced, the electrostatic aggregation between the powder is avoided, and the powder is not easy to be taken away by coulomb force or bombardment generated by electron beams during melting. Meanwhile, the gas flow recoil action formed by instant gasification of the molten metal is not easy to take away the powder and molten drops, and the phenomena of powder bed powder blowing and powder splashing in the printing process are reduced.
After the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is finished, melting the powder in the preset area, wherein melting refers to melting the powder in the electron beam type selected area emitted by an electron gun.
In some preferred embodiments, the melting current is 5 mA-20 mA, and the scanning rate is 0.5 m/s-7 m/s.
After melting, the powder on the forming area of the powder bed is also preheated by a third electron beam scanning. At this time, the powder on the molding section includes powder of the pre-set region after melting and powder of the non-pre-set region without melting. On one hand, the third round of electron beam scanning preheating is carried out, the stress relief annealing can be carried out on products after the preset area is melted, on the other hand, the unmelted powder outside the preset area can be subjected to heat supplement, and the phenomena that powder bed blowing and powder splashing occur in the next layer of powder printing process due to the fact that the temperature of the unmelted powder is reduced are prevented.
Similarly, the third round of electron beam scanning preheating may refer to one-time scanning preheating or multiple-time scanning preheating, and generally, the number of scanning preheating times of the third round of electron beam scanning preheating is 1.
In some preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the third round of electron beam scanning preheating is 10 mA-45 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-20 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-30 s. In some more preferred embodiments, each preheating current of the third electron beam scanning preheating is 15 mA-35 mA, the scanning speed is 10 m/s-20 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-15 s.
By adopting the method, the powder splashing phenomenon in the electron beam printing process can be inhibited, the surface quality of the component is improved, and the mechanical property of the component is improved.
Understandably, the steps of powder laying, preheating and melting are repeated to complete the 3D printing.
The following description is given in conjunction with specific examples and comparative examples, wherein the starting materials and the equipment are commercially available and the equipment is commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for inhibiting splashing of 316L stainless steel alloy powder in powder bed electron beam 3D printing, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 780 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the adopted bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And step two, carrying out first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 24mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 14 s.
And step three, performing second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed and the powder on the area of which the preset area extends outwards for 0.5-3 mm (1 time, namely, fixing the powder for 1 time), wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 10.6mA, and the scanning speed is 4 m/s.
And step four, melting the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current is 13.5mA, and the scanning speed is 4.8 m/s.
And fifthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating is 12mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 9 s.
And sixthly, repeating the steps of powder paving, preheating and melting to prepare the 316L stainless steel alloy component.
In the 3D printing process of the embodiment, the powder bed basically has no powder blowing, and the powder basically has no splashing. The detection shows that the density of the 316L stainless steel alloy component is 99.5%, and the surface roughness is less than 12.6 mu m.
Example 2
This example provides a method of suppressing the splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printed 316L stainless steel alloy powder, substantially the same as the method of example 1, except that: the process parameters of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating are different. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 780 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And step two, carrying out first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 24mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 14 s.
And step three, performing second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed and the powder on the area of which the preset area extends outwards for 0.5-3 mm (1 time, namely, fixing the powder for 1 time), wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 12mA, and the scanning speed is 5 m/s.
And step four, melting the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current is 13.5mA, and the scanning speed is 4.8 m/s.
And fifthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating is 12mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 9 s.
And sixthly, repeating the powder spreading, preheating and melting steps to prepare the 316L stainless steel alloy component for 3D printing.
In the 3D printing process of the embodiment, the powder bed basically has no powder blowing, and the powder basically has no splashing. The detection shows that the density of the 316L stainless steel alloy component is 99.4%, and the surface roughness is less than 12.6 mu m.
Example 3
This example provides a method of suppressing the splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printed 316L stainless steel alloy powder, substantially the same as the method of example 1, except that: the powder on the preset area is preheated by two electron beam scanning (2 times for powder fixation). The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 780 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the bottom plate is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And step two, carrying out first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 24mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 14 s.
And thirdly, performing second-round electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed and the powder on the area, extending 0.5 mm-3 mm outwards, of the preset area (2 times, namely 2 times of powder fixing), wherein the preheating current for the first-time electron beam scanning preheating is 10.6mA, the scanning speed is 4m/s, the preheating current for the second-time electron beam scanning preheating is 10.6mA, and the scanning speed is 4 m/s.
And step four, melting the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current is 13.5mA, and the scanning speed is 4.8 m/s.
And fifthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating is 12mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 9 s.
And sixthly, repeating the powder spreading, preheating and melting steps to prepare the 316L stainless steel alloy component for 3D printing.
In the 3D printing process of the embodiment, the powder bed basically has no powder blowing, and the powder basically has no splashing. The detection shows that the density of the 316L stainless steel alloy component is 99.5%, and the surface roughness is less than 12.6 mu m.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for inhibiting CoCrMo alloy powder in powder bed electron beam 3D printing from splashing, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 800 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is CoCrMo alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the bottom plate is 170mm multiplied by 170mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And secondly, performing a first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 31mA, the scanning speed is 10m/s, and the scanning time is 15 s.
And step three, performing second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed and the powder on the area of which the preset area extends outwards for 0.5-3 mm (1 time, namely, fixing the powder for 1 time), wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 10.5mA, and the scanning speed is 5 m/s.
And step four, melting the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current is 12.3mA, and the scanning speed is 4 m/s.
And fifthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 27mA, the scanning speed is 10m/s, and the scanning time is 12 s.
And sixthly, repeating the powder spreading, preheating and melting steps to prepare the 3D printed CoCrMo alloy component.
In the 3D printing process of the embodiment, the powder bed basically has no powder blowing, and the powder basically has no splashing. The detection shows that the density of the obtained CoCrMo alloy component is 99.6%, and the surface roughness is less than 12.6 μm.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method of suppressing splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printed 316L stainless steel alloy powder, substantially the same as the method of example 1, except that: the powder in the powder bed forming interval is preheated only once, and the powder on the preset area is not preheated by the second round of electron beam scanning. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 780 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the bottom plate of the powder bed is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And step two, carrying out first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 24mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 14 s.
And step three, melting the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current is 13.5mA, and the scanning speed is 4.8 m/s.
And fourthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating is 12mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 9 s.
And step five, repeating the steps of powder paving, preheating and melting to prepare the 316L stainless steel alloy component for 3D printing.
In the 3D printing process of the comparative example, the powder bed basically has no powder blowing, and the powder splashes seriously. The detection shows that the density of the 316L stainless steel alloy component is 99.1 percent, and the surface roughness is less than 25 mu m.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method of suppressing splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printed 316L stainless steel alloy powder, substantially the same as the method of example 1, except that: the powder on the preset area is not subjected to the second round of preheating, and two times of melting are adopted in the melting process. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, heating a bottom plate to 780 ℃, and then spreading powder on the bottom plate, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel alloy powder with the particle size ranging from 53 micrometers to 105 micrometers, the area of the bottom plate of the powder bed is 120mm multiplied by 120mm, and the spreading thickness is 0.05 mm.
And step two, carrying out first round (1 time) of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the electron beam scanning preheating at this time is 24mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 14 s.
And step three, performing first melting on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current of the first melting is 3mA, and the scanning speed is 2.5 m/s.
And step four, performing second melting on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the melting current of the second melting is 13.5mA, and the scanning speed is 4.8 m/s.
And fifthly, carrying out third (1) electron beam scanning preheating on the powder in the forming interval of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of the third electron beam scanning preheating is 12mA, the scanning speed is 12m/s, and the scanning time is 9 s.
And sixthly, repeating the powder spreading, preheating and melting steps to prepare the 316L stainless steel alloy component for 3D printing.
In the 3D printing process of the comparative example, powder still splashes during the first melting, and the splashing phenomenon is less during the second melting.
In combination with the above examples and comparative examples, the following conclusions can be drawn:
comparing the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, the electron beam preheating scanning is performed on the powder in the preset area, and the process parameters and the scanning times are adjusted, so that the powder splashing in the subsequent printing process can be effectively reduced, and the component with high density and small surface roughness can be obtained.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, the problem of powder splashing in the subsequent printing process cannot be well solved only by preheating the powder on the forming area in the powder bed once, and the density of the component is lower and the surface roughness is higher.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, comparative example 2 adopts twice melting, although the powder splashing caused by the second melting can be reduced to a certain extent, the powder splashing still exists in the first melting, the splashed powder is scattered on the surface of other parts, the part surface is caused to be pilling, and the problem of the powder splashing is not solved from the root.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," "some examples," "some preferred embodiments," or "some preferred embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for inhibiting powder splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out first round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming interval of the powder bed;
performing a second round of electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the preset area of the powder bed, wherein the preheating current of each time of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-40 mA, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s-20 m/s;
melting the powder on the preset area preheated by the second round of electron beam scanning;
and carrying out third electron beam scanning preheating on the powder on the forming area of the powder bed.
2. The method for suppressing 3D printing powder splashing of the powder bed electron beam according to claim 1, wherein each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 5 mA-20 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-10 m/s.
3. The method for suppressing powder splashing in 3D powder bed electron beam printing according to claim 2, wherein the scanning preheating times of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating are 1-4 times.
4. The method for suppressing 3D printing powder splashing of the powder bed electron beam according to claim 1, wherein each preheating current of the first round of electron beam scanning preheating is 10 mA-48 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-35 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-30 s.
5. The method for suppressing 3D printing powder splashing of the powder bed electron beam according to claim 1, wherein each preheating current of the third wheel of electron beam scanning preheating is 10 mA-45 mA, the scanning speed is 5 m/s-20 m/s, and the scanning time is 5 s-30 s.
6. The method for suppressing powder splashing in 3D printing of powder bed electron beam according to claim 1, wherein before the first round of electron beam scanning preheating, the method further comprises the step of heating the bottom plate of the powder bed.
7. The method for suppressing splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the powder is 316L stainless steel powder, each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 9 mA-12 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
8. The method for suppressing the splashing of powder bed electron beam 3D printing powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the powder is CoCrMo alloy powder, each preheating current of the second round of electron beam scanning preheating is 9 mA-12 mA, and the scanning speed is 3 m/s-6 m/s.
9. The method for suppressing powder sputtering in 3D powder bed electron beam printing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein after preheating of the first round of electron beam scanning, the method further comprises the step of performing a second round of electron beam scanning on the powder on the area extending outwards from 0.5mm to 3mm of the preset area.
10. The method for suppressing powder bed electron beam 3D printing powder spattering according to any of claims 1-6 wherein said melting current is 5 mA-20 mA and the scanning rate is 0.5 m/s-7 m/s.
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CN113649593A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-16 天津清研智束科技有限公司 Additive manufacturing method for eliminating cracks
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CN115870513A (en) * 2023-03-02 2023-03-31 西安赛隆增材技术股份有限公司 Selective melting forming method for wide-range electron beam

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