CN111570227B - 一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜的制备及在真空电接触运动部件上的应用 - Google Patents

一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜的制备及在真空电接触运动部件上的应用 Download PDF

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CN111570227B
CN111570227B CN202010413986.0A CN202010413986A CN111570227B CN 111570227 B CN111570227 B CN 111570227B CN 202010413986 A CN202010413986 A CN 202010413986A CN 111570227 B CN111570227 B CN 111570227B
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吉利
李红轩
谢博华
刘晓红
周惠娣
陈建敏
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜制备方法，是利用浸渍提拉在金电镀涂层表面或者金属基材表面复合硬脂酸钾边界润滑材料，利用硬质酸钾边界膜质软和超薄厚度的特点，实现电接触摩擦副之间更大面积充分接触，从而保证加入边界膜后接触电阻不受明显影响；同时利用硬质酸钾自身具有的易剪切和润滑性能，实现摩擦系数的显著降低，进而使耐磨性能大幅提高。该硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜应用在真空电接触运动部件上，在减小电接触噪音、摩擦系数以及提高耐磨性方面展现的明显综合优势，因此可应用于航天领域真空电接触运动部件，如电滑环、滑桶、天线的表面润滑处理。

Description

一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜的制备及在真空电接触运动部件 上的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜的制备及其在真空电接触运动部件上的应用，属于固体润滑技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，随着卫星飞船，空间实验站和星际探测器等空间技术的快速发展，航天系统中的电接触部件愈显重要。电接触是指电子从一个导体通过接触界面传递到另一个导体，从而实现电流传递和信号传输，担负着电子电路系统电流接通、分断、导流、隔离的工作，其性能的好坏直接决定着整个航天器系统的可靠性、稳定性和精确性。滑动电接触部件在运行过程中由于接触面发生移动而出现的摩擦磨损问题对于系统的稳定性至关重要。而电接触磨损较为复杂，它是指摩擦副在有电流通过时的磨损行为，与一般的机械磨损不同，由于存在力、电和热等多场耦合因素的影响，它既受到机械因素的制约，又受到电流热效应的影响，同时还存在严重的电弧侵蚀，因此其在通电下的摩擦磨损对接触材料的破坏性极大。近几年常出现由于真空电接触部件磨损失效而导致的型号故障。
现役的于真空电接触部件的处理技术主要采用镀金涂层的方法，其润滑性能有限，摩擦系数较高，一般在0.3以上，耐磨寿命总体不足，已经逐渐不能满足新型航天器机构在轨设计使用寿命数倍提高的要求。可行的方案是分别从原有材料体系性能的提升和新材料体系的研发上入手，除对传统的真空用电接触材料在结构和性能上进一步改善和提升外，还应发展适用于真空环境下的新型空间电接触材料，从而设计研发出低摩擦系数、低接触电阻、高耐磨等综合性能优异的新型真空导电润滑材料，这将为解决航天器可靠性和寿命以及发展空间实验站等航天技术具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种通过浸渍提拉制备真空电接触部件边界润滑材料的方法，在不影响电接触性能的基础上，大幅降低载流摩擦过程中摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损率，并减小电接触噪音。
一、真空电接触部件边界润滑材料的制备
（1）浸涂剂的制备：将商品化的硬脂酸钾粉末（分子式为C18H35KO2，K2O含量为14.5-15.0%）以1～10 g/L的比例溶于无水乙醇中，加热回流溶解成均匀透明液体；
（2）浸涂膜层的制备：将上述制得的浸涂剂加热至沸腾，将预处理部件浸入加热的浸涂液中，浸渍5～60 min后迅速提出，用干净的绸布轻轻擦拭，使浸涂涂层更加均匀。
为使部件表面的硬脂酸钾膜层均匀连续，可重复多次进行浸涂，直到膜层均匀连续。浸涂涂层厚度为2～100 nm。整个浸涂膜层的过程保持溶液微沸腾。
预处理部件可以是铜、铝、钢等金属基材，也可以表面镀金涂层的铜、铝、钢等金属基材。
二、真空电接触部件边界润滑材料的性能
测试条件：真空度1.0×10-4 Pa，球-盘接触线性往复运动模式，上试样为为直径为6 mm的GCr15商品钢球，下试样为镀制有金涂层的平面铜试片，法向载荷为0.2 N，施加电流为7.5A，滑动线速度为5cm/s，测试1.2万次往复循环。
图1为原始金涂层与本发明复合硬脂酸钾边界薄膜的真空载流摩擦学性能对比结果。（a）摩擦系数曲线；（b）摩擦过程中接触电流波动变化；（c）磨损率测试结果；（d）磨痕形貌和磨损深度测试结果。图1的结果表明：①摩擦系数由原始电镀金涂层的0.4-0.6降低至0.1左右，而且摩擦过程中摩擦系数非常平稳；②摩擦过程中的接触电流变化更加稳定，波动幅度较小，而两者在摩擦过程的接触电压基本一致，因此浸涂硬脂酸钾薄膜后摩擦过程中的电接触噪音更低；③浸涂硬脂酸钾薄膜的磨损率约为1×10-5mm3/N·m，相当于原始金涂层磨损率的约1/5，从磨痕深度对比来看，经过相同行程的摩擦考验后，原始金涂层磨损深度为2.0μm，而浸涂硬脂酸钾薄膜的磨损深度仅为0.4μ m，也就是说浸涂硬脂酸钾薄膜后其耐磨寿命将较原始金涂层提高约5倍之多。
综上所述，本发明利用浸渍提拉的方法在现用的金电镀涂层表面或者金属基材表面复合制备一薄层的硬脂酸钾边界润滑材料，利用硬质酸钾边界膜质软和超薄厚度的特点，实现电接触摩擦副之间更大面积充分接触，从而保证加入边界膜后接触电阻不受明显影响；同时利用硬质酸钾自身具有的易剪切和润滑性能，实现摩擦系数的显著降低，进而使耐磨性能大幅提高。本发明浸涂硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜后，相比于原始的电镀金导电润滑涂层，真空载流摩擦学性能大幅提升；本发明制备方法简单、易行且成本低；制备的硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜在减小电接触噪音、摩擦系数以及提高耐磨性方面展现的明显综合优势，广泛应用于航天领域真空电接触运动部件，如电滑环、滑桶、天线的表面润滑处理。
附图说明
图1为原始金涂层与本发明复合硬脂酸钾边界薄膜的真空载流摩擦学性能对比结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）浸涂剂的制备：将商品化的硬脂酸钾粉末（分子式为C18H35KO2，K2O含量为14.5-15.0%）以3g/L的配比溶于分析纯的无水乙醇中，在78℃下回流直至溶解成均匀透明液体；
（2）浸涂膜层的制备：将上述制得的浸涂剂加热至沸腾，将镀制有金电镀涂层的铜试块以及单纯的铜、铝、9Cr18钢试块浸入加热的浸涂液中，整个过程保持溶液微沸腾；10min后迅速将预处理部件提出，然后用干净的绸布轻轻擦拭，使浸涂涂层更加均匀。经过3次重复浸涂和擦拭，膜层均匀连续，得边界薄膜样品。利用椭圆偏振光测试仪测试其厚度为10 nm。边界复合薄膜的各项性能指标见表1：
Figure 17773DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
实施例2
（1）浸涂剂的制备：将商品化的硬脂酸钾粉末（分子式为C18H35KO2，K2O含量为14.5-15.0%）以1 g/L的配比溶于分析纯的无水乙醇中，在78℃下回流直至溶解成均匀透明液体；
（2）浸涂膜层的制备：将上述制得的浸涂剂加热至沸腾，将镀制有金电镀涂层的铜试块以及单纯的铜、铝、9Cr18钢试块浸入加热的浸涂液中，整个过程保持溶液微沸腾，50min后迅速将预处理部件提出，然后用干净的绸布轻轻擦拭，使浸涂涂层更加均匀。经过5次重复浸涂和擦拭，膜层均匀连续，得边界复合薄膜样品。利用椭圆偏振光测试仪测试样品薄膜的厚度为3 nm。边界复合薄膜的各项性能指标见表2：
Figure 403755DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
实施例3
（1）浸涂剂的制备：将商品化的硬脂酸钾粉末（分子式为C18H35KO2，K2O含量为14.5-15.0%）以9 g/L的配比溶于分析纯的无水乙醇中，在78℃下回流直至溶解成均匀透明液体；
（2）浸涂膜层的制备：将上述制得的浸涂剂加热至沸腾，将镀制有金电镀涂层的铜试块以及单纯的铜、铝、9Cr18钢试块浸入加热的浸涂液中，整个过程保持溶液微沸腾，5min后迅速将预处理部件提出，然后用干净的绸布轻轻擦拭，使浸涂涂层更加均匀，经过3次重复浸涂和擦拭，膜层均匀连续，得边界复合薄膜样品。利用椭圆偏振光测试仪测试厚度为80nm。边界复合薄膜的各项性能指标见表3：
Figure 524770DEST_PATH_IMAGE003

Claims (2)

1.一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜在真空电接触运动部件上的应用，其特征在于，复合现役的电镀金涂层使用，硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）浸涂剂的制备：将商品化的硬脂酸钾粉末以1～10 g/L的比例溶于无水乙醇中，加热回流溶解成均匀透明液体；
（2）浸涂膜层的制备：将上述制得的浸涂剂加热至沸腾，将预处理部件浸入加热的浸涂液中，浸渍5～60 min后迅速提出，用干净的绸布轻轻擦拭，使浸涂涂层更加均匀；浸涂膜层的过程重复多次，直到膜层均匀连续；
预处理部件为表面电镀金涂层的铜、铝、钢金属基材。
2.如权利要求1所述一种硬脂酸钾边界润滑薄膜在真空电接触运动部件上的应用，其特征在于：浸涂涂层厚度为2～100 nm。
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