CN111569934A - Preparation method of bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method of bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- RDQSSKKUSGYZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuthanylidyneiron Chemical compound [Fe].[Bi] RDQSSKKUSGYZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;trinitrate;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HFZWRUODUSTPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl HFZWRUODUSTPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001198704 Aurivillius Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000707 layer-by-layer assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst. The main technical characteristics are as follows: preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheets by thermal polycondensation and thermal exfoliation; the bismuth ferroniobate oxide is represented by the formula Bi3FexNb2‑ xO9Respectively weighing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and niobium oxide according to the stoichiometric ratio of the middle elements of bismuth, iron and niobium, and preparing the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, the ferric nitrate nonahydrate and the niobium oxide by a hydrothermal method; and finally, self-assembling the graphite-phase carbon nitride and the iron bismuth niobate by using an electrostatic attraction method to prepare the iron bismuth niobate/graphite-phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst. The invention tightly combines the iron bismuth niobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride through electrostatic interaction, and utilizes the ferroelectricity of the iron bismuth niobate to form a spontaneous polarization built-in electric field, thereby acceleratingThe separation and migration of the photon-generated carriers at the interface are realized, so that the composite photocatalyst shows good stability and catalytic performance. The preparation method is simple, the conditions are easy to control, the production cost is low, the environment is protected, and the method has important significance in the aspect of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst, and belongs to the technical field of photocatalysts.
Background
At present, environmental pollution still is a difficult problem which puzzles us in the century. In various solutions, the photocatalytic technology can convert solar energy into chemical energy, and has important application prospects in the field of environmental protection. Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C)3N4) As an ideal nonmetal semiconductor photocatalyst, the photocatalyst has good thermal stability and chemical stability, good response to visible light, appropriate band gap (about 2.7 eV), and excellent photoelectric property, and has great potential in environmental remediation. But its catalytic efficiency is severely limited by the rapid recombination of charge carriers. In order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of graphite-phase carbon nitride, researchers have conducted a number of studies, including band gap adjustment, defect control, micro-morphology control, surface sensitization, promoters, heterostructures, and the like. Fortunately, polarization has become one of the most effective strategies to overcome the above problems, greatly promoting photocatalytic action.
This patent selects ferroelectric oxygenThe ferroelectricity of the bismuth ferroniobate is utilized to generate a spontaneous polarization electric field under the condition of no external stress so as to drive the rapid separation and migration of photon-generated carriers. And bismuth ferroniobate is also a semiconductor photocatalyst of Aurivillius phase consisting of alternating layers of bismuth oxide (Bi) of fluorite structure2O2)2+And perovskite layer (Bi)n-1FexNbn-xO3n+1)2-The composition (n represents the number of perovskite layers between bismuth oxide layers, and n =2 is selected in the patent), has a typical layered structure, and can provide large specific surface area and surface active sites. Therefore, the bismuth ferroniobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride are self-assembled to form the composite heterojunction photocatalyst, and the ferroelectricity of the bismuth ferroniobate is utilized to form a spontaneous polarization electric field, so that the separation and migration of photogenerated electricity and hole pairs at an interface can be accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings, the invention designs a preparation method of the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst, which is used for degrading 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) under visible light and shows great development potential in the field of environmental remediation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing melamine in a crucible with a cover, heating to 450-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and keeping for 3-6 h; cooling to room temperature, fully grinding the obtained product, transferring the product into a porcelain boat, and calcining for 1-3 h at 400-600 ℃; obtaining yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
step 2: bismuth ferroniobate is represented by the formula Bi3FexNb2-xO9Weighing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and niobium oxide according to the stoichiometric ratio of the middle elements of bismuth, iron and niobium, and preparing the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, the ferric nitrate nonahydrate and the niobium oxide by a hydrothermal method; the method comprises the following specific steps: respectively dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and niobium oxide (the molar ratio is 3: 0.5-1.5: 0.25-0.75) in 10-50 mL of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; followed byDropwise adding ammonia water to the precipitate until the pH value reaches 9-13, after the precipitate is completely precipitated, washing the precipitate for several times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying the precipitate in a vacuum drying oven to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder;
and step 3: because the bismuth ferroniobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride have opposite surface charges in the aqueous solution, the bismuth ferroniobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride can be prepared by a simple electrostatic self-assembly method; the method comprises the following specific steps: dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into 50 mL of deionized water, and stirring at room temperature for 6-48 h to obtain a uniform suspension; then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, and obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst; preparing composite photocatalysts with different mass percentages by controlling the component ratio of the two components;
and 4, step 4: laboratory simulation: a 300W xenon lamp is adopted to simulate sunlight and is provided with a cut-off filter of 420 nm to obtain visible light; 2, 4-dichlorophenol (25 mg/L) is taken as a target pollutant, 10mg of photocatalyst is added into 50 mL of 2, 4-dichlorophenol solution, and the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst is evaluated by carrying out photodegradation reaction for 120 min under the irradiation of simulated visible light.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst is prepared by the method, and the method has the advantages of simple preparation process, cheap reactants, environmental friendliness and the like; the ferroelectric property of the bismuth ferroniobate is utilized to form a spontaneous polarization electric field, so that the separation and migration of photogenerated electricity and hole pairs can be accelerated, the composite photocatalyst has high stability and excellent photocatalytic performance, has high degradation capability on 2, 4-dichlorophenol, and has a great application prospect in the aspect of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a zeta potential diagram of the graphite phase carbon nitride and bismuth iron niobate prepared in example 4.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst prepared in example 4.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) putting melamine into a crucible with a cover, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and keeping for 5 hours; cooling to room temperature, fully grinding the obtained product, transferring the product into a porcelain boat, and calcining for 2 h at 500 ℃; obtaining yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
(2) weighing 1.46 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 0.20 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 0.20 g of niobium oxide, dissolving in 10 mL of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; then, ammonia water was added dropwise thereto to adjust the pH to 10, and after the precipitation was completed, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol several times and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder (Bi)3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9）；
(3) Dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into 50 mL of deionized water, and stirring for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension; then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, and obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst; composite photocatalysts with different mass percentages are prepared by controlling the component ratios of the bismuth iron niobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride, wherein the mass ratios of the bismuth iron niobate to the graphite-phase carbon nitride are respectively 0, 33, 50, 66 and 100 wt percent;
(4) under the irradiation of simulated visible light, the composite photocatalyst with the mass ratio of 66 wt% has the strongest removal capability on 2, 4-dichlorophenol within 120 min, and the photocatalytic degradation rate is respectively improved by 2.45 times and 4.72 times compared with that of the bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride single component before compounding.
Example 2
A preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) putting melamine into a crucible with a cover, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping for 4 hours; cooling to room temperature, fully grinding the obtained product, transferring the product into a porcelain boat, and calcining for 3 h at 500 ℃; obtaining yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
(2) weighing 1.46Dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 0.41 g ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 0.13 g niobium oxide in 30 mL ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; then, ammonia water was added dropwise thereto to adjust the pH to 9, and after the precipitation was completed, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol several times and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder (Bi)3FeNbO9）；
(3) Dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into 50 mL of deionized water, and stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension; then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, and obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst; composite photocatalysts with different mass percentages are prepared by controlling the component ratios of the bismuth iron niobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride, wherein the mass ratios of the bismuth iron niobate to the graphite-phase carbon nitride are respectively 0, 33, 50, 66 and 100 wt percent;
(4) under the irradiation of simulated visible light, the composite photocatalyst with the mass ratio of 66 wt% has the strongest removal capability on 2, 4-dichlorophenol within 120 min, and the photocatalytic degradation rate is respectively improved by 3.57 times and 6.34 times compared with that of the bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride single component before compounding.
Example 3
A preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) putting melamine into a crucible with a cover, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping for 4 h; cooling to room temperature, fully grinding the obtained product, transferring the product into a porcelain boat, and calcining for 1 h at 600 ℃; obtaining yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
(2) weighing 1.46 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 0.61 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 0.07 g of niobium oxide, dissolving in 50 mL of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; then, ammonia water was added dropwise thereto to adjust the pH to 13, and after the precipitation was completed, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol several times and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder (Bi)3Fe1.5Nb0.5O9）；
(3) Dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into 50 mL of deionized water, and stirring for 48 hours at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension; then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, and obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst; composite photocatalysts with different mass percentages are prepared by controlling the component ratios of the bismuth iron niobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride, wherein the mass ratios of the bismuth iron niobate to the graphite-phase carbon nitride are respectively 0, 33, 50, 66 and 100 wt percent;
(4) under the irradiation of simulated visible light, the composite photocatalyst with the mass ratio of 66 wt% has the strongest removal capability on 2, 4-dichlorophenol within 120 min, and the photocatalytic degradation rate is respectively improved by 3.68 times and 6.52 times compared with that of the bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride single component before compounding.
Example 4
A preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) putting melamine into a crucible with a cover, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and keeping for 4 hours; cooling to room temperature, fully grinding the obtained product, transferring the product into a porcelain boat, and calcining for 2 h at 500 ℃; obtaining yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
(2) weighing 1.46 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 0.20 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 0.20 g of niobium oxide, dissolving in 20 mL of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; then, ammonia water was added dropwise thereto to adjust the pH to 11, and after the precipitation was completed, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol several times and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder (Bi)3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9）；
(3) Dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into 50 mL of deionized water, and stirring for 48 hours at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension; then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, and obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst; composite photocatalysts with different mass percentages are prepared by controlling the component ratios of the bismuth iron niobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride, wherein the mass ratios of the bismuth iron niobate to the graphite-phase carbon nitride are respectively 0, 33, 50, 66 and 100 wt percent;
(4) under the irradiation of simulated visible light, the composite photocatalyst with the mass ratio of 66 wt% has the strongest removal capability on 2, 4-dichlorophenol within 120 min, and the photocatalytic degradation rate is respectively improved by 3.68 times and 6.52 times compared with that of the bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride single component before compounding.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) putting melamine into a crucible with a cover, and respectively carrying out thermal polycondensation and thermal stripping treatment to obtain yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride powder;
(2) dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and niobium oxide in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a molar ratio, and fully stirring until the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, the ferric nitrate nonahydrate and the niobium oxide are completely dissolved; then, ammonia water is dripped into the precipitate to adjust the pH value of the precipitate to ensure that the precipitate is completely precipitated, the precipitate is washed for a plurality of times by deionized water and ethanol and is placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying to obtain bismuth iron niobate powder;
(3) dispersing a proper amount of bismuth iron niobate and graphite-phase carbon nitride into deionized water, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension; and then placing the suspension in a forced air drying oven to remove moisture, thus obtaining the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst.
2. The method for preparing the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), during the thermal polycondensation treatment of melamine, heating to 450-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and keeping for 3-6 h; and calcining for 1-3 hours at 400-600 ℃ during thermal stripping treatment.
3. The method for preparing the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the molar ratio of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to the ferric nitrate nonahydrate to the niobium oxide is 3: 0.5-1.5: 0.25 to 0.75.
4. The method for preparing the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the volume of the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the step (2) is 10-50 mL.
5. The method for preparing the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) dropwise adding ammonia water in the step (2) to adjust the pH to 9-13.
6. The method for preparing the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) stirring the bismuth ferroniobate and the graphite-phase carbon nitride in the step (3) at room temperature for 6-48 hours.
7. The use of the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst according to claims 1 to 6 for degrading organic pollutants.
8. The use of the bismuth iron niobate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst in degrading organic pollutants as claimed in claim 7, wherein the organic pollutants are 2, 4-dichlorophenol.
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