CN111569263A

CN111569263A - Programming system for deep brain stimulator system

Info

Publication number: CN111569263A
Application number: CN202010436402.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗伯特·斯特罗瑟; 乔纳森·萨凯; 杰弗里·思罗普
Original assignee: Deep Brain Innovations LLC
Current assignee: Deep Brain Innovations LLC
Priority date: 2013-12-23
Filing date: 2014-12-23
Publication date: 2020-08-25
Also published as: US10688306B2; AU2021202229A1; US20170001022A1; EP3915632A1; AU2019216696B2; AU2023241369A1; AU2014369910A1; US20200316392A1; EP3086839A4; AU2021202229B2; EP3086839B1; AU2019216696A1; WO2015100306A1; AU2014369910B2; CN106413803A; CN106413803B; EP3086839A1

Abstract

The present technology provides a medical stimulation system having a clinical programmer configured to operate on a computing and storage device having a wireless communication device. The present technology also provides a neurostimulator configured for wireless communication with a clinical programmer. The neurostimulator also includes a pulse generator operatively coupled with the electrode by the lead. The pulse generator is configured to send an electrical signal comprising a train of non-periodic pulses that are continuously repeated. Each burst comprises a plurality of pulses with non-periodic and non-random different pulse intervals between them. The pulse train is continuously repeated to treat the neurological condition. Further, the pulse train is initiated by instructions transmitted by the clinical programmer.

Description

Programming system for deep brain stimulator system

The present application is a divisional application of the 'programming system for deep brain stimulator system' patent application having an application date of 2014, 12, 23, and an application number of 201480076144.3.

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional application No. 61/920,154 entitled "program SYSTEMS FOR DEEP repair of brake SYSTEM", filed on 23.12.2013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to a programming system for an implantable deep brain stimulator.

Background

Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS) have been found to be successful in treating a variety of neurological disorders, including, without limitation, movement disorders. Generally, such treatments involve placing deep brain stimulator type leads into a target region of the brain through burr holes drilled in the skull of a patient and applying appropriate stimulation to the target region through the leads.

Preferably, in DBS, beneficial (symptom-reducing) effects are mainly observed at high stimulation frequencies above 100Hz delivered in stimulation patterns or stimulation bursts where the intervals between electrical pulses (inter-pulse intervals) are constant over time. The beneficial effects of DBS on motor symptoms are observed only at high frequencies, while low frequency stimulation may exacerbate the symptoms. See Benabid et al (1991) and Limousin et al (1995). Thalamic DBS at less than or equal to 50Hz increases tremors in patients with primary tremors. See Kuncel et al (2006). Likewise, 50Hz DBS produces tremors in pain patients receiving stimulation of the ventral medial thalamus (VPM), but the tremors disappear as the frequency increases. See Constantoyannis in 2004. Likewise, DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) at 10Hz worsens motor function decline in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), while DBS at 130Hz leads to significant improvement of motor function. See Timmermann et al (2004) and Fogelson et al (2005). Likewise, stimulation of the Globus Pallidus (GP) at 130Hz or above significantly ameliorates dystonia, while stimulation at 5 or 50Hz results in significant deterioration. See Kupsch et al (2003).

Model studies also indicate that masking of pathological burst activity occurs only with sufficiently high stimulation frequencies. See Grill et al (2004), fig. 1. The responsiveness of fibrillation to changes in DBS amplitude and frequency is strongly correlated with the ability of the applied stimulation to mask neuronal bursts. See Kuncel et al (2007), fig. 2.

While effective, conventional high frequency stimulation produces stronger side effects than low frequency stimulation, and the therapeutic window between the voltage that produces the desired clinical effect and the voltage that produces the undesired side effects decreases with increasing frequency. Accurate lead placement thus becomes important. In addition, high stimulation frequencies increase power consumption. The need for higher frequencies and increased power consumption shortens the useful life and/or increases the physical size of the battery-powered implantable pulse generator. The need for higher frequencies and increased power consumption requires larger battery sizes and frequent charging of the battery (if the battery is rechargeable). Since the stimulator portion of DBS may be implanted in the patient, access to the lead, the stimulator, and the entire DBS is often very difficult.

Once implanted in the patient, it may be preferable to avoid changing the battery or changing the stimulation of the system, as surgery may be required to accomplish such an operation. It is desirable to limit the number of times an implant system is removed from a patient, as each moment of surgery provides inherent risks that should generally be avoided.

However, there may be a benefit over everything in changing certain parameters of the stimulation applied to the patient, which may require changing parts of the system. Accordingly, there is a need to change parameters of DBS without requiring transplantation of DBS from the patient or other surgery.

The stimulation applied to the target area can be varied to improve the performance of the treatment. For example, the pattern of stimulation may be altered, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery of DBS, improving the efficacy of the treatment, or both. However, not every patient responds equally to stimuli. Thus, there is a need to be able to alter and manage the application of stimulation to a particular patient, or to treat a particular neurological condition. Furthermore, it is desirable to have a system that is easy to use for both the clinician and the patient. Further, there is a need for a system that can be programmed to vary the application of stimulation.

Disclosure of Invention

The present technology relates to a programming system applicable to DBS for applying stimulation to treat any applicable neurological disorder. A Clinical Programmer (CP) may provide a mechanism for communication with implantable DBS. The CP may allow communication between the computing device and the wireless communication system. The CP may allow data, such as DBS stimulation settings, usage, error logs, and other information, to be sent to and from the CP via the wireless communication system.

In one aspect, the present technology provides a medical stimulation system having a clinical programmer configured to operate on a computing and storage device having a wireless communication device. The present technology also provides a neurostimulator configured for wireless communication with a clinical programmer. The neurostimulator also includes a pulse generator operatively coupled with the electrode by the lead. The pulse generator is configured to send an electrical signal comprising a repeating continuous non-periodic pulse train. Each burst includes a plurality of pulses with non-periodic and non-random different inter-pulse intervals therebetween. The pulse train is continuously repeated to treat the neurological condition. Further, the pulse train is initiated by instructions transmitted by the clinical programmer.

In one embodiment, the first electrical signal comprises an aperiodic burst.

In one embodiment, the second electrical signal comprises a second aperiodic pulse train, or in another embodiment, both the first and second electrical signals comprise an aperiodic pulse train.

In one embodiment, the neurological disease is one of parkinson's disease, essential tremor, movement disorders, dystonia, epilepsy, pain, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and tourette's syndrome.

In one embodiment, the computing and storage device is selected from a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smart phone, or another electronic device.

In one embodiment, the wireless communication device of the computing and storage device is selected from the group consisting of a 403MHz radio transceiver, a 2.4GHz personal area wireless network, and an ultra-low power Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio.

In one embodiment, the neurostimulator includes a unique identification feature.

In one embodiment, the clinical programmer wirelessly communicates with the neurostimulator via its unique identifying feature.

In one embodiment, the wireless communication is secured through the use of encryption, message authentication, message security, or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the clinical programmer is managed by an interactive user interface operating on a computing and storage device.

In one embodiment, the user interface includes an interactive status bar that displays an interactive progress line for the task progress of the neurostimulator and displays information related to the current task (interactive status bar). The status bar may include a forward button, a pulse stimulation button, an amplitude button, an advanced programming screen task button, and a save button. In addition, the user interface may also include advanced programming screen buttons, stimulus switch buttons, and screen lock buttons.

In one embodiment, the progress line display task includes: patient Information (Patient Information), Electrode Mapping (Electrode Mapping), optimized Amplitude (optimized Amplitude), optimized stimulation Factor (optimized stimulation Factor), programming & saving (Program & Save), or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the progress line identifies the task as complete or incomplete.

In one embodiment, the progress line allows a user to select at least one task in any desired order. In one embodiment, the preferred order is the order in which tasks are completed as they appear on the progression line from left to right (or from right to left, as the case may be).

In one embodiment, the at least one task may be optimizing a stimulation factor that allows a user to associate one or more patterns of stimulation with at least one patient-selectable attribute. For example, in one embodiment, this may include reducing the stimulation factor to reduce the overall battery drain of the neurostimulator. In another embodiment, this may include increasing the stimulation factor to increase the probability of reducing the patient's symptoms.

In one embodiment, the clinical programmer allows the user to adjust the pulse duration value, the stimulation amplitude value of the pulse, or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the flag may be set to indicate a clinically significant pulse duration value, stimulation amplitude value, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the flag may be set to indicate a stimulation factor value or a stimulation amplitude value.

In one embodiment, the present techniques further include a patient controller operatively coupled to the clinical programmer via a wireless communication device. The patient controller allows the user to execute programs automated by the clinical programmer through a device other than the computing and storage device. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, only the patient controller and the neurostimulator may be present. In one embodiment, the patient controller is separate from the computing and storage device.

In one embodiment, the pulse train repeats indefinitely.

In one embodiment, the pulse train repeats until another pulse train sequence is selected by the clinical programmer and/or the patient controller.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pulses of the aperiodic pulse train has a waveform shape that is different from a second pulse waveform shape of another of the pulses.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pulses of the aperiodic pulse train has an amplitude that is different from a second pulse amplitude of another of the pulses.

In one embodiment, each pulse of the plurality of pulses comprises a waveform that is any one of monophasic, biphasic, or multiphasic.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pulses comprises a monophasic waveform.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pulses comprises a biphasic waveform.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pulses comprises a multi-phase waveform.

In one aspect, the present technology provides a method comprising the steps of operating a clinical programmer on a computing and storage device having a wireless communication device configured to wirelessly communicate with a neurostimulator. The method further includes applying an electrical current to the targeted neural tissue region according to instructions supplied to the neural stimulator through use of a clinical programmer. The current includes an aperiodic burst that includes a plurality of pulses having aperiodic, non-random, distinct pulse intervals therebetween. The method may further comprise continuously repeating the applying step to treat the neurological condition.

In one aspect, the present technology provides a medical stimulation system having a clinical programmer configured to operate on a computing and storage device having a wireless communication device. The present technology also includes a neurostimulator configured for wireless communication with a clinical programmer. The neurostimulator may include a pulse generator operatively coupled with the electrode by the lead. The pulse generator may be configured to send an electrical signal comprising a repeating continuous train of aperiodic pulses. Each burst may include a plurality of pulses having non-periodic, non-random pulse intervals therebetween. The pulse train may be programmed into the neurostimulator with instructions and data communicated by the clinical programmer. The pulse train may modify the state of the patient. Further, in some embodiments, the bursts may be periodic.

Drawings

The operation of the present invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a user operating a clinical programmer of a DBS system on a patient;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a user operating a clinical programmer for an implanted neurostimulator system on a patient;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a clinical programmer;

FIG. 4 is a view of an embodiment of a screen of a clinical programmer;

FIG. 5 is a view of a screen where a clinical programmer programs amplitudes to a patient's neurostimulator and utilizes markers;

FIG. 6 is a view of a screen of a clinical programmer programming a time-optimized stimulation pattern (TOPS) density or TOPS factor (hereinafter "stimulation" factor) to a patient's neurostimulator;

FIG. 7 is a view of a screen for a clinical programmer to program an amplitude to a neurostimulator of a patient and utilizing two exemplary markers;

figure 8 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of identifying a sequence for tuning a TOPS DBS process;

FIG. 9 is a view of a screen of a clinical programmer;

FIG. 10 is a view of a screen in which a clinical programmer uses TOPS to adjust modes to substantially maximize efficiency (i.e., minimize battery power consumption);

FIG. 11 is a view of a screen in which a clinical programmer uses TOPS to adjust modes to increase effectiveness;

FIG. 12 is a view of a screen in which a clinical programmer uses TOPS to adjust modes to increase effectiveness;

FIG. 13 is a view of a screen in which a clinical programmer uses TOPS to adjust modes to increase effectiveness; and

figure 14 is a view of a screen in which a clinical programmer uses TOPS to adjust modes to substantially maximize effectiveness (i.e., maximize reduction of residual symptoms).

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, features of the various embodiments may be combined or altered without departing from the scope of the invention. Likewise, the following description is presented by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the various substitutions and modifications that may be made to the illustrated embodiments and still be within the spirit and scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present technique generally includes a Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) system 100 for stimulating tissue of the central nervous system. The system 100 may include a lead 101 placed in a desired location in contact with central nervous system tissue. In the illustrated embodiment, lead 101 is implanted in a region of the brain, such as the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, or globus pallidus, for the purpose of deep brain stimulation. However, it is understood that the stimulation may be in, on or near the spinal cord for the purpose of selective stimulation; the lead 101 is implanted in, on or near the peripheral nerve (sensory or motor) for therapeutic purposes.

The distal end of the lead 101 carries one or more electrodes 103 to apply electrical pulses to the targeted tissue area. The electrical pulse is supplied by a pulse generator 105 coupled to the lead 101. For purposes of this application, lead 101, electrode 103, and pulse generator 105 are collectively referred to as neurostimulator 104. The neurostimulator 104 may be any suitable type of fully or partially implanted neurostimulator capable of responsive treatment of a neurological disorder through the use of stimulation, such as

Neural stimulators, including but not limited to

Or

A nerve stimulator.

In the illustrated embodiment, the pulse generator 105 of the neurostimulator 104 is implanted at a suitable location away from the lead 101, such as in the shoulder region. However, it should be appreciated that the pulse generator 105 may be placed in other parts of the body or externally.

When implanted, the housing of the pulse generator 105 may serve as a reference electrode or a return electrode. Alternatively, lead 101 may include a reference or return electrode (including a bipolar arrangement), or a separate reference or return electrode (including a monopolar arrangement) may be implanted or attached elsewhere on the body.

The pulse generator 105 may include an on-board battery to provide power. Currently, batteries must be replaced every 1 to 9 years, depending on the stimulation parameters needed to treat the disease. When the battery life is over, the replacement of the battery requires another invasive surgical procedure to access the implanted pulse generator. As will be described, the system 100 enables an increase in battery life by improving control of stimulation parameters needed to treat a disease, among its multiple benefits. The pulse generator 105 may be configured to send an electrical signal comprising a repeating continuous train of pulses. Each burst may be a non-periodic burst comprising a plurality of pulses having non-periodic, non-random, different inter-pulse intervals therebetween. The pulse generator may be configured to send the first and second electrical signals. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal comprises a first repeating continuous pulse train. In one embodiment, the second electrical signal comprises a second repeating continuous burst of pulses different from the first repeating continuous burst of pulses. Either of the first repeating continuous burst or the second repeating continuous burst may be initiated by an instruction transmitted by the clinical programmer. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal comprises an aperiodic burst. In another embodiment, the second electrical signal comprises a second aperiodic burst.

The pulse train may be programmed into the neurostimulator with instructions and data communicated by the clinical programmer. Further, in some embodiments, the bursts may be periodic. The pulse train (whether periodic or aperiodic) may modify the state of the patient.

The neurostimulator 104 is capable of receiving and transmitting messages via the lead 101 to the electrode 103 via the directed prescribed stimulation waveform pattern or string and via the wireless communication system. Additionally, the neurostimulator 104 may have a unique identifying feature, such as a serial number.

The system 100 also includes a Clinical Programmer (CP) 102. By way of non-limiting example, CP102 may include any suitable configuration and type of computing and storage device 106 (e.g., a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, or another electronic device) including a wireless communication device operatively coupled with implanted neurostimulator 104. The computing and storage device 106 includes circuitry, a power source (e.g., a battery or power cord), and a display for reviewing various screens of the CP 102. The display may be a touch screen display, or it may be navigable by an attached or detached keyboard, mouse, stylus, voice recognition software, or any other suitable means. The device 106 may also include sensors, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, speakers, ports (e.g., USB ports), and so forth.

Fig. 1-3 illustrate user 108 operating CP102 on a tablet of any suitable type and configuration to apply predetermined stimulation parameters to patient 110. The patient 110 may have a fully or partially implanted neurostimulator 104 wirelessly coupled with the CP102 to treat the neurological condition. However, it should be understood that CP102 and neurostimulator 104 may be utilized to treat any suitable neurological disorder, including, but not limited to, parkinson's disease, essential tremor, movement disorders, dystonia, epilepsy, pain, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and tourette's syndrome. Accordingly, it should be understood that the teachings set forth herein are not limited to a particular neurological disease. Further, for purposes of this application, user 108 may generally be a clinician. However, the user 108 may also be another caregiver, family member, friend, or the patient himself.

The neurostimulator 104 may be operatively connected to the CP102 using a wireless communication system (described below). CP102 is a tool that can be used to adjust, evaluate, and program stimulation patterns and parameters in neurostimulator 104. CP102 may have any suitable configuration. By way of non-limiting example, CP102 may include any suitable configuration and type of computing and storage device 106 (e.g., a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smart phone, or another electronic device) that includes a wireless communication system operatively coupled with an implanted neurostimulator 104 port. As discussed above, the neurostimulator 104 may have a unique serial number, such that the CP102 may provide wireless communication directed to that particular neurostimulator 104 by using the unique serial number or any other means of identifying itself. For example, the neurostimulator 104 may include the data in a message sent to the CP102 that identifies itself via a unique serial number. Likewise, the message sent from the CP102 to the neurostimulator 104 may include data in a message header that identifies the serial number of the neurostimulator 104 to allow communication only to the desired neurostimulator 104. In one embodiment, one CP102 may have the ability to contact multiple neurostimulators by directing a separate message to each unique neurostimulator serial number.

CP102 may include a user interface 112 that allows user 108 to make changes to the stimulation of neurostimulator 104. The user interface 112 may have any suitable configuration and is not limited to that shown and described herein. A large portion of the user interface 112 may present information about and allow adjustments to be made to the screen task or parameters or characteristics of the task. The user interface 112 may include a plurality of screens, each including easily readable and understandable icons that may assist the user 108 in the operation of the CP 102. The user interface 112 may be preprogrammed or may be programmed by a clinician or service provider to be customized. The user interface 112 may allow a user to obtain information from the neurostimulator 104 via wireless communication. During operation of the CP102, the newly adjusted stimulation settings may be saved to a file and sent to the neurostimulator 104, or these operations may be performed at a later time in response to a user's action.

Fig. 4-7 depict exemplary organizational structures of the user interface 112 of the CP 102. However, it should be understood that this is merely an exemplary embodiment of a screen. The user interface 112 of the CP102 may have any suitable configuration and is not limited to that shown and described herein. The user interface 112 may include more or less information than illustrated and described herein. Any suitable amount and type of information may be included as desired. In addition, the CP102 may be programmable to remove or add information as needed or desired.

The user interface 112 may be a touch screen, may require the use of a pointing device or mechanism (such as a mouse), may be voice operated, or may be a combination of any of the above embodiments. A progression line 114 near the top of the user interface 112 may depict the progression of the activity as the patient's neurostimulator 104 is programmed. The general sequence of tasks on the progression line 114 can be shown from left to right across the screen: patient information- > electrode mapping- > optimized amplitude- > optimized stimulation factor- > programming & saving. In one embodiment, this is the preferred sequence of tasks. In other embodiments, the preferred sequence is completing tasks in a different order than the sequence shown from left to right on the screen. Patient information may be displayed on the progression line 114, but in some embodiments it may not be displayed. The progression line 114 may appear consistently across multiple screens of the user interface 112. Alternatively, the progression line 114 may appear in different locations across multiple screens of the user interface 112. The progress line 114 may be interactive and allow the user 108 to select various tasks in the sequence to bring up the task-specific user interface 112 to progress from one task to the next by clicking on various icons on the progress line 114. The progress line 114 thus allows the user 108 to see which tasks have been completed and which remain to be performed. Additionally, the progress line 114 allows the user 108 to complete tasks in the order provided by the progress line 114 itself from left to right, not in the usual order on the progress line 114 from left to right, or to return to and revise and/or repeat past tasks.

In addition to the progress line 114, the user interface 112 also includes a status bar 116. The status bar 116 may present information related to the current stimulation program (e.g., amplitude, stimulation factor, or frequency in regular or fixed frequency stimulation, and estimated battery life or recharge interval for a secondary battery neurostimulator). In addition, the status bar 116 may also indicate a goal for the parameter applied to the patient, i.e., greater efficiency (longer battery life) or greater efficacy (better reduction in patient symptoms). This information may always be presented at the same location along the status bar 116.

The two rightmost buttons of the status bar 116 are buttons that may invoke an action. In particular, the rightmost button may be a forward button 118 that, when selected, advances the programming sequence to a new task. The button immediately to the left of the forward button 118 may be a save button 120. A save button 120 may allow for saving of programmed stimulation modes and stimulation parameters when selected; i.e., cause the patient file inside the CP102 to update and allow those parameters to become the operating stimulation mode and parameters of the neurostimulator 104.

If the programming session is terminated without selecting the save button 120, the user 108 may be alerted that the stimulation parameters and patterns shown have not been saved. User 108 may then be asked whether he wants to save stimulation parameters and patterns. Likewise, if the stimulation settings are saved, but then changed before the session ends, the user 108 may be proposed and asked if he wants to save the revised settings.

In addition to presenting information about the current stimulus being programmed, other buttons of the status bar 116 may be used to move between different tasks. For example, selection of the amplitude button 122 on the status bar 116 will cause an adjust amplitude screen task to be displayed. User 108 may also navigate CP102 using a progress line 114 to move between various tasks. Additionally, status bar 116 may include a stimulus button 123. Selecting the stimulation button 123 will cause an adjust stimulation screen task to be displayed.

If an adjustment is made on the user interface 112, the task on the progress line 114 may remain highlighted to remind the user 108 that an adjustment has been made to the item. Further, the status bar 116 may also remain highlighted for the same purpose.

Below the status bar 116 on the far right side of the user interface screen 112 is a high level programming screen task button 124. Alternatively, the high-level programming screen task button 124 may be included directly in the status bar 116 or elsewhere on the user interface 112 at a consistent location. When selected, the high level programming screen task button 124 causes the user 108 to move to the high level programming screen task.

This advanced programming screen may allow user 108 to review and revise auxiliary stimulation parameters such as pulse duration of stimulation, selection of voltage or current control as amplitude adjustments, and frequency of fixed frequency stimulation. The advanced programming screen may also allow the user 108 to set parameters to default values for different patients or patient groups/disease states as well as the current patient 110.

The advanced programming screen may also allow the user 108 to review patient usage of the neurostimulator 104; i.e. how long the stimulus is switched off, how long the stimulus is switched on and the actual proportion spent in the various pre-programmed options. Additionally, the advanced programming screen may also allow the user 108 to restore the neurostimulator 104 to a configuration (e.g., stimulation parameters and stimulation mode) that was employed in the past, such as factory or initial settings.

CP102 may use a file or database to store information about each patient that is programmed. The stored information may include the type of implanted neurostimulator 104 used and the serial number or other unique identification number of the neurostimulator 104. The stored information may also include a history of programmed stimulation patterns and parameters and a history of patient use of the DBS system 100. The usage history may be automatically retrieved from the neurostimulator each time the patient 110 is linked to the programmer by the user 108. Some information may be stored only in the CP102 and/or may be available in files shared with other clinicians through communications such as email communications, websites, etc. This information may include personal context information about the patient 110, such as the patient's diagnosis, the patient's age, the patient's picture, the patient's age at the time of diagnosis, the date the lead was implanted, and so forth.

In addition to being stored in the CP102, this patient-specific data may also be stored on a secure web server accessed over the internet. This may allow access to the patient's files by the user using a different CP than the CP used initially and by the patient. The internet cloud-based storage may act as a shadow file system; that is, when the original CP is being used, the cloud-based file is updated when the CP saves changes to the file, but if a CP other than the original CP is being used, the file is retrieved from the cloud at the start of the program and updated when a new CP file is saved.

The saved information may allow the new user 108 to observe the patient's programming history of stimulation patterns and parameters as well as the history of neurostimulator 104 usage by the patient 110. If the other stimulation parameters are different from their default values, CP102 may notify new user 108. All of the retrieved stimulation parameters and stimulation patterns may be stored in the file and/or database record of the new patient. No patient parameter may be changed without the specific action of the user 108 to make the change to the patient parameter.

When the programmed patient 110 is linked to the CP102, the values displayed by the CP (in the status bar 116 and on the various task screens) may be the values currently in the neurostimulator 104.

Each task on the user interface 112 may have a large portion of the screen display the characteristics or parameters of the task, and may include control mechanisms to allow adjustment thereof. For example, the control mechanism shown in fig. 4 is a slide control mechanism 126. The screen task settings may be adjusted using a rotating control mechanism or a horizontally or vertically sliding control mechanism-any suitably configured control mechanism may be used without departing from the present teachings. Any control representation may be used provided that it displays a current value or setting and will display it to an available range (i.e., minimum and maximum) in context.

The stimulus amplitude can be adjusted using the sliding control mechanism 126 shown in fig. 4 and 5. The value of the parameter set by the slide control mechanism may be adjusted by moving the value along the slide control mechanism to another value. This can be done by dragging the slider control or by touching or selecting a different value on a scale. Alternatively, the value may also be entered by typing on a keyboard or in any other suitable way.

Stimulation parameters and patterns may be adjusted while stimulation is being provided to patient 110 in real-time. Alternatively, the user 108 may choose to turn the stimulus off, make the change, and then turn the stimulus on again. Each user interface 112 of CP102 that allows user 108 to make changes to stimulation patterns or stimulation parameters will also have the ability to start stimulation and stop stimulation by using stimulation switch button 128. The stimulation switch button 128 is shown in the lower right corner of the user interface 112 of fig. 4, but may be located in any suitable location and is not limited to the configuration shown. For example, the stimulus switch button 128 may be two separate virtual buttons, or it may be a virtual toggle switch. The stimulus switch button 128 may always be located at the same location on the user interface 112 to achieve consistency in user control. Alternatively, the stimulus switch button 128 may be located at a different location on each user interface 112. Each user interface 112 may also have a screen lock 129 to prevent tasks on the user interface from being adjusted if CP102 is switched to the "locked" position. The screen lock 129 may be two separate virtual buttons, or it may be a virtual toggle switch. Screen lock 129 may always be located at the same location on user interface 112 for consistency in user control. Alternatively, screen locks 129 may be located at different locations on each user interface 112.

In addition to allowing the slip control mechanism to adjust and set the value of the parameter being changed, CP102 may also allow the setting of a flag 130, such as shown in fig. 5. The markers 130 may be visual indications of settings (e.g., a set of stimulation parameters/characteristics) that are important to the user 108 during the programming process. For example, the indicia 130 may be used to identify a minimum setting at which rapid improvement in symptom relief is no longer achieved by higher values, or a setting at which side effects become problematic, or any other suitable characteristic identifier. In one embodiment, the indicia may be set to indicate a stimulation factor, a stimulation frequency, a pulse duration value, a stimulation amplitude value, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the marker may be set to indicate a stimulus factor value or a stimulus amplitude value.

In one embodiment, a marker 130 may be placed on the user interface 112 to show a range of individual parameters. That is, placement of the marker 130 on the user interface 112 may allow the clinician to make subsequent selections as to how to program the neurostimulator 104 and/or allow the patient 110 to be able to select his own treatment without a given range identified by the marker. For example, fig. 6 illustrates the adjustment of the stimulation factor with a current setting 132 of 5.0 and a previously set flag 134 at 2.5.

According to fig. 7, typical uses of the marker 130 during the amplitude adjustment process may include: a marker 130a assigned to a value at which a further increase in amplitude is observed by the user 108 resulting in a relatively minimal further decrease in symptoms; and another label 130b assigned at a value when the user 108 observes an unacceptable level of side effects. The markers 130 may be used to assist the user 108 in making a judicious selection of appropriate values during the adjustment process.

The CP102 may allow the patient 110 to select a different set of stimulation parameters of the implanted neurostimulator 104 to adjust to meet the patient's needs, such as for increased effectiveness or increased efficiency. CP102 may be user friendly and easy for a user to operate. CP102 can implement TOPS and be used to adjust the pattern of stimulation to meet or otherwise address the needs of the patient.

CP102 may also be used to adjust and program stimuli having a fixed frequency. Importantly, for stimulation with TOPS mode and stimulation with a fixed frequency, the screen of CP102 indicates the estimated battery life 136 (for primary battery implantation) or the estimated recharge interval (for secondary battery implantation) for the stimulation parameters that are currently set and displayed. This allows the user 108 to include an understanding of the likely operational lifetime of the implant when programming the neurostimulator of the patient.

During operation of the CP102, the newly adjusted stimulation settings may be saved to a file and sent to the neurostimulator 104, or these tasks may be performed at a later time in response to a user's action. The user interface 112 may allow the user 108 to obtain information from the neurostimulator 104, including, by way of non-limiting example, the status of a battery inside the neurostimulator 104, stimulation parameters or patterns currently programmed into the stimulator, and/or the usage history of the patient 110.

As discussed above, the CP102 may include any suitable configuration and type of computing and storage device (e.g., a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, or another electronic device) with a wireless communication link between the neurostimulator 104 and the CP 102. The wireless communication link may be, but is not limited to, an approximately 403MHz radio transceiver.Any suitable wireless communication link may be utilized, such as by way of non-limiting example, a 2.4GHz personal area wireless network, such as

Low Energy or ANT (Dynastream Innovations:

). Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication link may use any ultra-low power ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio (i.e., transverse electromagnetic radiation). The wireless communication link may be physically and electronically inherent to the CP circuitry, or may be attached to the CP102 as a peripheral (e.g., via USB). Likewise, an inductively coupled telemetry system may be used, wherein a rod is placed on the skin over the neurostimulator.

Communications messages may be sent to and from the CP102 using a radio link or any other suitable method, including, but not limited to, actual data such as stimulus settings, usage (compliance) and error logs, and other data. The wireless communication link may also be used to transmit characters to detect or correct transmission errors and characters to allow secure communications (e.g., authentication and authorization). By way of non-limiting example, the transmission may be encrypted for use by a third party. In addition, data privacy, security, and other means of authentication may be used.

CP102 may configure neurostimulator 104 to achieve a desired stimulation (e.g., voltage amplitude; current distribution across, between, or among electrode surfaces (including the housing of neurostimulator 104; pulse duration; frequency of periodic stimulation trains; or inter-pulse intervals of an aperiodic pattern of stimulation). In particular, the CP102 may configure the neurostimulator 104 to apply aperiodic electrical stimulation patterns, as disclosed in U.S. patent No. 8,447,405. In one embodiment, the CP102 may generate and transmit a number of patterns to be used by the neurostimulator 104 to generate the pulse timing, where each pattern is a sequence of inter-pulse intervals, and the sequence may be repeated a predetermined number of times before another pattern is selected. Alternatively, the CP102 may generate and transmit a number of patterns to be used by the neurostimulator 104 to generate the pulse timing, where each pattern is a sequence of inter-pulse intervals, and the sequence may be repeated indefinitely.

The CP102 and neurostimulator 104 may program and maintain more than one stimulation pattern or set of parameters to allow the patient 110 to select different stimulation options based on the specific details of their symptoms as they desire or use. The user 108 (including the patient 110) may make his selection using a patient controller (not shown) that may incorporate hardware for the wireless communication link. The patient controller may be operatively connected to the neurostimulator via a wireless communication device. The patient controller may allow the user to execute the program without using the CP 102. In some embodiments, the program may be automated by CP 102. The patient controller may employ, for example, an external device, such as a device similar to a key fob, or the patient controller may be a personal computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, smart phone, etc., and separate from the computing and storage device. Alternatively, the patient controller may be the CP 102. In certain embodiments, only the patient controller and the neurostimulator may be present in the system. The wireless communication link hardware may be internal to the patient controller, or the hardware may be a separate unit that is operably attachable to an external device through a serial port connection. Alternatively, the hardware may be a separate unit, with the wireless communication link being established over a standard unlicensed-radio communication link (e.g.,

or

Low Energy) or its own internal battery power source in communication with the patient controller with any other suitable system. The hardware may then convert and retransmit the message over the wireless communication link used by the neurostimulator 104.

The wireless communication link between the neurostimulator 104 and the external patient controller may allow for separation between the patient 110 and the patient controller. The patient controller may be held by the user 108 sitting across or near the patient 110 without requiring direct contact with the patient 110. The user 108 may program the neurostimulator 104 or the patient 110 may change the stimulation options themselves. Additionally, the wireless communication link may also be used to communicate the status of the primary or secondary battery inside the neurostimulator 104 to the patient 110, the user 108, or both. In addition, the wireless communication link may also be used to communicate the usage history of the patient 110 (e.g., the number of options selected by the patient 110 and the duration of use of each), or to refine the strength of the High Frequency (HF) magnetic field used to charge the secondary battery neurostimulator 104.

To minimize the power consumption of the UHF receiver inside the neurostimulator, the neurostimulator 104 may only periodically search for incoming wireless communications. A potential drop in this slow sampling rate may be the latency (or delay) between the message being sent and the message actually being sent and received by the neurostimulator. This sampling rate may be increased for several minutes (e.g., 1 to 30 minutes) after a qualifying message has been received. This may allow subsequent messages during this interval (e.g., 1 to 30 minutes) to have less latency. Alternatively, the neurostimulator 104 may also use the presence of a High Frequency (HF) magnetic or static magnetic field (e.g., from a small permanent magnet) to begin the interval of faster communication sampling by the neurostimulator.

Additional embodiments of a CP in accordance with the present teachings are described below. In this description, not all details and components may be described or shown in full. Rather, features or components are described and in some cases may point out differences from the embodiments described above. Further, it should be appreciated that these other embodiments may include elements or components utilized in the above-described embodiments, although not shown or described. Accordingly, the description of these other embodiments is intended to be illustrative, not inclusive, and not exclusive. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that features, components, elements, and functions of the various embodiments can be combined or altered to achieve a desired CP without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The sequence shown in fig. 8 identifies an exemplary sequence for programming stimulation with the TOPS DBS system 100, an example of which is disclosed in U.S. patent No. 8,447,405, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The stimulation provided by the TOPS technique differs from conventional stimulation techniques. The stimulation waveform pattern or train generated by the pulse generator 105 from the input provided to CP1 differs from conventional pulse patterns or trains in that the waveform includes a repeating aperiodic (i.e., non-constant) pulse pattern or train in which the intervals between electrical pulses (inter-pulse intervals or IPIs) change or vary over time. The aperiodic (i.e., non-constant) pulse pattern or train provides a lower average frequency for a given pulse pattern or train as compared to a conventional pulse train having a periodic (i.e., constant) inter-pulse interval, where the average frequency for a given pulse train (in hertz or Hz) is defined as the sum of the inter-pulse intervals for the pulse train (Σ IPI) divided by the number of pulses in the given pulse train (n) or (Σ IPI)/n in seconds. The lower average frequency enables a reduction in the intensity of the side effects and an increase in the dynamic range between the onset of the desired clinical effect and the side effects, thereby increasing clinical efficacy and decreasing sensitivity to the position of the electrodes. The lower frequency caused by the aperiodic pulse pattern or train also results in a reduction in power consumption, thereby extending battery life and reducing battery size.

The repeating aperiodic (i.e., non-constant) pulse pattern or train can take a variety of different forms. For example, as will be described in more detail later, the inter-pulse intervals may be ramped linearly over time in a non-periodic time pattern (each becoming larger and/or smaller or a combination over time); or periodically embedded in an aperiodic temporal pattern comprising clusters or groups of multiple pulses, referred to as n-lines (n-lets), where n is two or more. For example, when n is 2, n lines may be referred to as two lines; when n is 3, n lines may be referred to as three lines; when n is 4, the n lines may be referred to as four lines, etc. Repeating the aperiodic pulse pattern or train can include: individual combinations of pulses spaced apart by varying the aperiodic inter-pulse spacing (referred to as singlets), and with n lines interspersed between singlets, the n lines themselves are spaced apart by varying the aperiodic inter-pulse spacing between adjacent n lines and between the n pulses embedded in the n lines. The aperiodicity of the pulse pattern or train may be achieved with concomitant changes in the waveform and/or amplitude and/or duration of each of the pulse patterns or trains, if desired, in a continuous pulse pattern or train.

Each pulse, which comprises a single line or is embedded in n lines in a given train, comprises a waveform that may be monophasic, biphasic or multiphasic. Each waveform has a given amplitude (e.g., in amperes) which may range from 10 μ a (E-6) to 10ma (E-3), for example. The amplitude of a given phase in the waveform may be the same or different between phases. Each waveform also has a duration (e.g., expressed in seconds) that may range, for example, from 10 μ s (E-6) to 2ms (E-3). The durations of the phases in a given waveform may likewise be the same or different. It is emphasized that all numerical values expressed herein are given by way of example only. It may be altered, increased or decreased depending on the clinical goals.

When applied in deep brain stimulation, it is believed that a repetitive stimulation pattern or train applied at non-regular inter-pulse intervals can schedule the output of disorganized neuronal firing, thereby preventing the generation and spread of burst activity using a lower average stimulation frequency (i.e., having an average frequency below about 100 Hz) than is required with conventional constant frequency trains. This sequence can optimize the stimulation settings with minimal repeated readjustments.

The sequence shown in fig. 8 identifies an exemplary sequence for programming stimulation of a DBS system with pulsed stimulation-although the present teachings are not limited to this sequence. The sequence may be changed, i.e., steps may be completed in a different order, steps may be skipped, or steps may be added, without departing from the present teachings. The sequence may begin with optimization of the electrode surface mapping and current distribution 138 by fixed frequency stimulation or pulsed stimulation at dynamically adjusted stimulation amplitudes high enough to achieve symptom relief and below levels that produce side effects. The fixed frequency stimulation may be at a frequency preferred by user 108; or and may be at a typical or ordinary (usual) value for causing a disease state or neurological disease to be treated. Likewise, all stimuli may be at a pulse duration preferred by user 108; or it may be at a typical or ordinary value for a disease state or neurological disease to be treated. The subsequent adjustment of the pulse duration is only performed under unusual conditions where the ordinary course is not successful.

The sequence may continue by optimizing stimulation amplitude with stimulation using a fixed frequency stimulation or stimulation having a pulsed stimulation pattern with optimal electrode surface mapping. This may be accomplished by setting an initial target, selecting an amplitude 140 that is midway between the lowest amplitude at which an increase in amplitude no longer produces a corresponding decrease in symptoms and the highest amplitude that does not have undesirable side effects. The amplitude should remain fixed at this value and the user 108 can begin to adjust the TOPS factor (hereinafter "stimulation factor"), i.e., the pulsed stimulation pattern. The goal is to select the stimulation factor such that further increases in stimulation factor do not produce a significant reduction 142 in the patient's symptoms. The stimulation factor is a parameter whose temporal pattern of stimulation can be varied in many ways as its value increases from a minimum value to a maximum value; however, the average number of pulses per second may also increase from a minimum value to a maximum value.

The user 108 will then determine whether this sequence is providing the appropriate treatment. If so, user 108 completes. If not, the user 108 should keep the TOPS factor fixed at the just set value and readjust the amplitude. The goal is to select an amplitude 144 that is midway between the lowest amplitude at which an increase in amplitude no longer produces a corresponding decrease in symptoms and the highest amplitude that does not have undesirable side effects.

User 108 may again determine whether this sequence is providing the appropriate treatment. If so, user 108 completes. If not, the user 108 may return to an earlier step in the

sequence

142 or 144, such as adjusting the stimulation factor, but typically more than one pass through this path may not be necessary to improve the quality of the treatment for the patient 110.

Fig. 9-14 depict exemplary organizational structures of the user interface 112 of the CP 102. However, it should be understood that this is merely an exemplary embodiment of a screen.

Fig. 9 illustrates a generic user interface 112. Fig. 10 illustrates a setup to apply a pulsed stimulation pattern to achieve improved efficiency. Fig. 11 illustrates an arrangement for applying a pulsed stimulation pattern to improve effectiveness from fig. 10. Fig. 12 illustrates a setup to apply a pulsed stimulation pattern to balance efficiency and effectiveness. Fig. 13 illustrates an arrangement for applying a pulsed stimulation pattern to improve effectiveness from fig. 12. Fig. 14 illustrates an arrangement for applying a pulsed stimulation pattern to improve effectiveness from fig. 13. However, it should be understood that these screen representations are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting. Any suitable configuration may be used without departing from the present teachings. For example, the CP102 allows the user 108 to associate one or more TOPS patterns and/or conventional stimulation parameters with at least one patient-selectable attribute/descriptor (e.g., a low energy pattern for sleep, a highest efficacy (reduction in symptoms) for a particular patient event, etc.). For example, in one embodiment, this may include reducing the stimulation factor to reduce the overall battery drain of the neurostimulator. In another embodiment, this may include increasing the stimulation factor to increase the probability of reducing the patient's symptoms — or may include a combination of any of the foregoing. In one embodiment, CP102 may adjust a plurality of interrelated stimulation parameters and pulse timing patterns to move along a desired trajectory of clinical effect with a single control in a coordinated manner. In another embodiment, a single control may select one of many pulse stimulation modes because the control is adjusted from the lowest power consumption (longest neurostimulator operation/service life) to the maximum power consumption (and shortest neurostimulator operation/service life). In another embodiment, a single control adjusts each pulse stimulation intensity by adjusting stimulation amplitude and pulse duration in a coordinated and clinically/physiologically desirable manner.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the foregoing detailed description, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope of the claims hereinafter. It is intended that the following claims include all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of the claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method, comprising the steps of:

operating a clinical programmer on a computing and storage device having a wireless communication device configured to wirelessly communicate with a neurostimulator;

providing instructions by: (a) providing, by a clinical programmer, instructions to a neurostimulator, the instructions defining a current as comprising an aperiodic pulse train consisting of a plurality of pulses with non-periodic and non-random different inter-pulse intervals therebetween; and (b) providing instructions through an interactive user interface operating on the computing and storage device;

applying an electrical current to a target neural tissue region in accordance with the instructions;

continuously repeating the applying step to treat the neurological condition;

modifying a current with the clinical programmer;

configuring the user interface to include:

an interactive progress line that displays progress of a task for the neurostimulator;

an interactive status bar displaying information related to a current task, the interactive status bar having at least one of:

a forward button;

a pulse stimulation button;

an amplitude button;

a high level programming screen task button;

a stimulus switch button;

a save button;

wherein the modified current comprises a second aperiodic pulse train different from the aperiodic pulse train, the second aperiodic pulse train consisting of a plurality of pulses with non-periodic and non-random different inter-pulse intervals between them, and wherein the displayed information further comprises:

advanced programming screen buttons; and

a screen lock button.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein the progress of the task comprises at least one selected from:

patient information, electrode mapping, optimized amplitude, optimized stimulation factor, and programming & saving.

3. The medical stimulation system of claim 2,

wherein configuring the interface further comprises identifying each item in the progress of the task as complete or incomplete.

4. The medical stimulation system of claim 3,

wherein the interface is configured to allow a user to select at least one task in any desired order.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein the progress of the task comprises optimizing a stimulation factor to associate one or more patterns of stimulation with at least one patient selectable attribute.