CN111563569B - 一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，属于种子扩散技术领域。该实验装置包括若干电子标签，所述若干电子标签一一对应的设置在种子内，所述电子标签与监测设备信号连接，电子标签为RFID射频标签标，监测设备为手持式射频探测器。本发明还提供了采用上述实验设备进行实验的方法。本发明的实验装置和实验方法能够准确快速的找到分散的种子，提高种子找回率，同时可以详细了解不同鼠类的行为特征以及对种子的不同处理情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及种子扩散技术领域，具体涉及一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法。
背景技术
鼠类取食扩散种子被认为是植物种子存活和更新的关键阶段，在此过程中鼠类扮演着非常重要的角色（Vander Wall, 1990；Nathan and Muller-Landan, 2000; VanderWall and Beck, 2012）。在种子扩散过程，鼠类通常将会对植物种子和果实进行取食，搬运到远离母树的地点进行贮藏，将种子贮藏在落叶层中、土壤表层或洞穴等处，为冬眠期、哺乳期、食物短缺期等特殊时期贮备食物。尽管鼠类最终会取食了大部分种子或果实，但仍有少量种子或果实分散贮藏的种子最终逃脱捕食后，就有可能在利于其萌发的环境中萌发，成功建成幼苗，实现植物的更新（Vander Wall, 1990；Smith and Reichman, 2003; Xiaoand Zhang, 2006; Gomez et al, 2008；Cao et al, 2011; Lichti et al, 2017）。因此，森林鼠类对种子的贮藏行为间接促进了植物种子的扩散，它们与植物种子之间有一定的互惠或协同进化关系( Dunn et al, 2007; Gomez et al, 2008; Schupp et al, 2010;Simms, 2013; Chang and Zhang, 2014; Wang et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2016; 张博等, 2016)。因此，研究鼠类对不同壳斗科植物种子的捕食与扩散规律很有必要。
现有技术都是采用塑料片标签法对实验种子进行标记，具体的标记操作方法是用手电钻在种子子叶部分打出一个约0.7 mm的小孔，然后用一根长约15 cm的细钢丝将种子和一个白色塑料片( 3 cm×3cm＜0.15 g) 连接起来由于种子的胚是完整的，因而不会影响种子的萌发，每个塑料片的正反面用记号笔标上数字，用来区别每一粒种子，通过野外及围栏的研究表明，塑料片和细钢丝对鼠类鉴别搬运及埋藏种子没有显著影响。目前找种子的方法是靠人工根据所标记的塑料片方法追踪种子，但这种方法费时费力，种子丢失率也比较高，影响实验数据的统计分析的准确性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的问题，提供一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法。
本发明提供了一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验设备，包括若干电子标签，所述若干电子标签一一对应的设置在种子内，所述电子标签与监测设备信号连接。
较佳地，电子标签为RFID射频标签标，监测设备为手持式射频探测器。
较佳地，电子标签设在种子的子叶部分。
较佳地，还包括用于对鼠类行为及种子踪迹进行记录的多个监控设备。
本发明还提供了一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验设备的实验方法，包括以下步骤：
在研究区域内随机选取多个样点作为种子释放点；任意两个种子释放点相距20 m以上，单个种子释放点面积为1-1.5 m2，每个样点放入至少一种壳斗科植物种子，同一种类植物种子应包含多个设有电子标签且完好的种子；
确定种子扩散的调查时间和调查面积；
在确定好的调查时间采用监测设备追踪调查面积内设有电子标签的种子；
记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离；
多次重复实验；
结合种子与数据，得出相应实验结论。
较佳地，记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离，至少包括种子存留的比例，种子被原地取食的比例，种子被搬运后取食的比例，种子被埋藏的比例、种子被搬运后取食或贮藏的距离以及埋藏后种子的出苗率情况。
较佳地，种子扩散的调查时间依据中国科学院动物研究所农业动物生态组野外调查实验手册确定；调查面积以种子释放点为圆心半径为30 m的范围。
较佳地，种子扩散的调查时间为释放后的第1，3，5，10，17，27，50，160天。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的实验装置和实验方法能够准确快速的找到分散的种子，提高种子找回率，提高实验结果的准确性。同时还可以通过监控设备详细了解不同鼠类的行为特征以及对种子的不同处理情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供的一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验设备包括若干电子标签，所述若干电子标签一一对应的设置在种子内，所述电子标签与监测设备信号连接。
电子标签为RFID射频标签标，监测设备为手持式射频探测器。
电子标签设在种子的子叶部分。
还包括用于对鼠类行为及种子踪迹进行记录的多个监控设备。
实施例2
一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验设备的实验方法，包括以下步骤：
在研究区域内随机选取多个样点作为种子释放点；任意两个种子释放点相距20 m以上，单个种子释放点面积为1.5 m2，每个样点放入至少一种壳斗科植物种子，同一种类植物种子应包含多个设有电子标签且完好的种子；
确定种子扩散的调查时间和调查面积；
在确定好的调查时间采用监测设备追踪调查面积内设有电子标签的种子；
记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离；
多次重复实验；
结合种子与数据，得出相应实验结论。
实施例3
在研究区域内随机选取10个样点作为种子释放点，任意两个种子释放点相距20 m以上，单个种子释放点面积约为1.5 m2；4种壳斗科植物种子分别单独实验；同一种植物种子在每个样点放入50粒完好种子。种子扩散的调查时间为释放后的第1，3，5，10，17，27，50，160（翌年春季）天，调查面积约为以种子释放点半径为30 m的范围，调查时记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离，包括种子存留的比例，种子被原地取食的比例，种子被搬运后取食的比例，种子被埋藏的比例、种子被搬运后取食或贮藏的距离以及埋藏后种子的出苗率情况等，多次重复实验。同时结合种子与数据，探讨种子产量（食物丰富度）对种子扩散的影响。
采用RFID标签标记种子，种子被找回的比例能够达到90%以上，远远高于普通标签法的找回比例。
申请人已经与南京某智能科技公司达成了RFID射频标签的订制协议，该公司将主要针对这几种壳斗科种子研制相应的长距离射频标签，而且价格也比较低廉（平均每个标签1.7元，可以循环使用）。此外，在围栏和野外实验过程中，我们将采用红外监控设备和红外相机对鼠类行为及种子命运进行录像拍摄，可以详细了解不同鼠类的行为特征以及对种子的不同处理情况。同时，本申请所涉及的其它研究方法和技术，如围栏观察，种子释放等，也都已经被申请人和项目组成员所掌握，而且经过了几年的野外应用和实践，完全可行。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，该实验方法使用的实验设备包括若干电子标签，所述若干电子标签一一对应的设置在种子内，所述电子标签与监测设备信号连接；
实验方法包括以下步骤：
在研究区域内随机选取多个样点作为种子释放点；任意两个种子释放点相距20 m以上，单个种子释放点面积为1-1.5 m2，每个样点放入至少一种壳斗科植物种子，同一种类植物种子应包含多个设有电子标签且完好的种子，电子标签设在种子的子叶部分；
确定种子扩散的调查时间和调查面积；
在确定好的调查时间采用监测设备追踪调查面积内设有电子标签的种子；
记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离；
连续重复实验；
结合种子与数据，得出相应实验结论。
2.如权利要求1所述的鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，所述电子标签为RFID射频标签，监测设备为手持式射频探测器。
3.如权利要求1所述的鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，还包括用于对鼠类行为及种子踪迹进行记录的多个监控设备。
4.如权利要求1所述的鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，记录每个样点所有种子的命运及扩散距离，至少包括种子存留的比例，种子被原地取食的比例，种子被搬运后取食的比例，种子被埋藏的比例、种子被搬运后取食或贮藏的距离以及埋藏后种子的出苗率情况。
5.如权利要求1所述的鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，所述种子扩散的调查时间依据中国科学院动物研究所农业动物生态组野外调查实验手册确定；调查面积以种子释放点为圆心半径为30 m的范围。
6.如权利要求1所述的鼠类与植物种子扩散研究用实验方法，其特征在于，所述种子扩散的调查时间为释放后的第1，3，5，10，17，27，50，160天。
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| CN105096055A (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州田园优贡电子商务有限公司 | 基于无线射频标签的农作物种子管理系统 |
| CN106228218A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 深圳市校联宝科技有限公司 | 一种基于移动的目标对象的智能监控方法及系统 |
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