CN111562903A - Quantum random number generation device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum random number generating device and method. The quantum random number generating device comprises a pulse laser unit, a pulse light generating unit and a control unit, wherein the pulse laser unit emits pulse light with a random phase and a period of T; the light intensity stabilizing unit receives the pulse light and outputs a first light signal with a stable light intensity value; the interferometer receives the first optical signal, performs interference and outputs a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal; the photoelectric detection unit is used for receiving the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal, performing photoelectric detection and outputting a quantum random number electric signal; and the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit is used for receiving the quantum random number electric signal, sampling and outputting an initial quantum random number. Wherein the interferometer may be a MZ interferometer and the photo detection unit may be a balanced homodyne detector. The quantum random number generated by the quantum random number generating device has excellent randomness and high random number generation rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of random number sources, in particular to a quantum random number generating device and method.
Background
Random numbers play an important role in various fields such as economy, science, national defense, industrial production, and the like. There are many occasions in modern society where random numbers are used. Conventional random number methods can only generate pseudo random numbers. With the development of computer technology, pseudo random numbers can be predicted, and thus absolute security cannot be guaranteed. Random numbers may also be generated based on randomness of physical processes, such as noise using electronic components, nuclear fission cosmic noise, thermal noise of electrical circuits, radioactive decay, and the like. While such random numbers do not risk as computing power evolves, their randomness is not essentially guaranteed. In some specific cases, such as quantum communication, such random numbers are also insecure. Therefore, a quantum random number generator capable of generating true random numbers is required.
FIG. 1 is a prior art approach to a quantum random number generator. The quantum random number generator generates periodic pulse signals through a pulse laser, the periodic pulse signals are output to a Michelson interferometer through an isolator, the arm length difference of the interferometer is nT (T is the period of the pulse signals, n is a natural number and is the whole period), interference between the kth optical pulse signals and the k + n optical pulse signals can be achieved, interference results are detected through a PIN (personal identification number) tube, the simulated electrical pulse signals are output, the initial quantum random number source is obtained after comparison through a comparator, and quantum random numbers are obtained after processing. Although the prior art quantum random number generator can generate quantum random numbers, the generation rate of the random numbers is low, and the interference resistance is poor.
Therefore, how to improve the randomness and the generation rate of the quantum random number is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a quantum random number generating device, which comprises: a pulse laser unit configured to emit pulsed light of a period T with a random phase; a light intensity stabilizing unit configured to receive the pulsed light and output a first light signal with a stabilized light intensity value; an interferometer configured to receive the first optical signal, perform interference, and output a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal; a photoelectric detection unit configured to receive the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal, perform photoelectric detection, and output a quantum random number electrical signal; and the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit is configured to receive the quantum random number electric signal, perform sampling and output an initial quantum random number.
The quantum random number generating device further comprises a quantum random number generating device main control module, comprising: a pulsed laser drive control module configured to emit a pulsed laser control signal; the light intensity stabilizing driving module is configured to receive the light intensity value signal output by the light intensity stabilizing unit and send a light intensity regulating control signal to the light intensity stabilizing unit; a delay control driving module configured to send a delay control signal to the optical fiber delay unit; and the quantum random number processing and detecting output module is configured to receive the initial quantum random number output by the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit, and output the quantum random number after performing random number source post-data processing and random number randomness detection on the initial quantum random number.
The quantum random number generation apparatus as described above, wherein the pulse laser unit further includes: a pulse laser control unit configured to receive the pulse laser control signal and to emit a pulse laser signal; a pulse laser configured to receive the pulse laser signal and emit pulsed light of a period T with a random phase.
The quantum random number generating device as described above, wherein the light intensity stabilizing unit further includes: an adjustable attenuator configured to receive the pulsed light, receive a light intensity regulation signal, and output a pulsed light signal; a beam splitter configured to receive the pulsed light signal, split the pulsed light signal into a first light signal and a second light signal, and output the first light signal and the second light signal; a light intensity detection unit configured to receive the second light signal and perform light intensity detection, and output a detected light intensity value as a light intensity value signal; and the adjustable control unit is configured to receive the light intensity regulation control signal and send out the light intensity regulation signal after processing.
The quantum random number generating device as described above, wherein the interferometer is further a michelson interferometer.
The quantum random number generating apparatus as described above, said interferometer further being an MZ unequal arm interferometer.
The quantum random number generating device as described above, further comprising: a filtering unit configured to receive the quantum random number electrical signal and filter it to remove classical noise in the quantum random number electrical signal.
The quantum random number generating device as described above, further comprising: and the optical fiber delay unit is configured to receive the fourth optical signal, process the fourth optical signal by T/2 with odd time delay, form a fifth optical signal and output the fifth optical signal.
In the quantum random number generating device as described above, the photodetecting unit is further a balanced homodyne detector.
As mentioned above, the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit can be an analog data acquisition card or a high-speed ADC module unit, and the bit width N thereof can be one of 8bit,10bit,12bit,14bit and 16 bit.
In another aspect of the present invention, a quantum random number generating method is provided, including: the pulse laser emits pulsed light with a random phase and a period of T; the light intensity stabilizing unit receives the pulsed light, and outputs a first light signal with a stable light intensity value after detection and regulation; the interferometer receives the first optical signal and outputs a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal after interference; the photoelectric detection unit receives the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal to perform photoelectric detection and outputs a quantum random number electric signal; the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit receives the quantum random number electric signal, samples and outputs an initial quantum random number; and (4) carrying out data processing after a random number source and processing detection in a random number randomness detection mode on the initial quantum random number, and outputting the quantum random number.
In the method for generating the quantum random number, the filtering unit further receives the quantum random number electric signal to perform filtering processing, so as to remove the classical noise in the quantum random number electric signal.
In the method for generating quantum random numbers, the interferometer is further an MZ unequal arm interferometer, and the optical fiber delay unit is required to perform odd-number-of-time delay T/2 processing on the fourth optical signal to form the fifth optical signal.
In the method for generating quantum random number, the photodetection unit is further a balanced homodyne detector, receives the third optical signal and the fifth optical signal to perform photodetection, and outputs the quantum random number electrical signal.
The quantum random number generating device has a balanced homodyne detection function, and can effectively eliminate offset errors, so that the ADC code value can reach 0; the quantum random number generating device has the light intensity stabilizing function, can ensure the light intensity stability of the pulse light, and ensures that the voltage value of the quantum random number electric signal generated after photoelectric detection is kept stable, thereby ensuring that the ADC code value can reach 2^ N. Therefore, the quantum random number generated by the quantum random number generating device has excellent randomness. The quantum random number generating device adopts the high-speed ADC to sample data, and is different from the prior art in that a comparator is adopted, so that a multi-bit quantum random number source can be obtained after each pulse signal is interfered, and the random number generating rate is improved. The front end of the analog conversion unit of the quantum random number generating device selects the filtering unit, and the filtering unit can be used for filtering noise in a circuit, so that the components of classical noise in the quantum random number are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art quantum random number generator;
FIG. 2a shows a schematic block diagram of one principal embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of an optical signal showing the light intensity stabilization process of the quantum random number generating device of the present invention;
FIG. 3a shows a schematic block diagram of another principal embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3b shows a schematic diagram of the MZ unequal-arm interferometer configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of yet another schematic embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4b shows a schematic diagram of the Michelson interferometer of the embodiment of FIG. 4 a;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram showing the operation of an MZ unequal-arm interferometer in an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram showing the optical signals of the MZ unequal-arm interferometer of FIG. 6a during operation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optical signal of an optical delay process of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the balanced homodyne detection operation of the quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of an optical signal during balanced homodyne detection of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIGS. 9a and 9b are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the quantum random digital-to-analog conversion according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows a schematic of the ADC code value distribution of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the light signals of the embodiment of FIG. 11 during the light intensity stabilization process;
fig. 13 illustrates a quantum random number generation method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments of the application. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the different views. Various specific embodiments of the present application are described in sufficient detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings of the present application.
Fig. 2a shows a schematic structural diagram of a principal embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 2a, the quantum random number generator of the present invention may include a quantum random number generator main control module 101, a pulse laser unit 201, a light intensity stabilizing unit 301, an interferometer 501, a photodetection unit 701, and an analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801.
In some embodiments, the pulsed laser unit 201 may receive the pulsed laser control signal sent by the quantum random number generator main control module 101, and send out pulsed light with coherence and fixed frequency, with a period T, and a random phase. The pulsed laser control signal may include two signals, a digital control signal and a wide pulse width drive signal (or a wide pulse modulation signal). The digital control signal mainly sets the center wavelength, pulse width, BIAS current (BIAS current) and MOD current (modulation current) of the pulse light emitted from the pulse laser unit 201. When the BIAS current < Ith value (predetermined heating current), the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the pulsed laser unit 201 can be made random.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2b, the light intensity stabilizing unit 301 may receive the pulsed light emitted by the pulsed laser unit 201, and output a first optical signal 401 with a stable light intensity value after detection and regulation. The light intensity stabilizing unit 301 may detect the light intensity value of the received pulsed light, and output the detected light intensity value of the pulsed light to the quantum random number generator main control module 101 in a light intensity value signal manner. The quantum random number generator main control module 101 analyzes the received light intensity value signal, and analyzes and compares the light intensity value signal with the light intensity value information of the pulsed light set at the system initialization stage, generates a light intensity regulation control signal according to the obtained result and feeds the light intensity regulation control signal back to the light intensity stabilizing unit 301, and drives the light intensity stabilizing unit 301 to regulate and control the light intensity of the received pulsed light so as to output a first light signal 401 with a stable light intensity value.
In some embodiments, the interferometer 501 may receive the first optical signal 401 output by the light intensity stabilizing unit 301, and output the third optical signal 403 or/and the fourth optical signal 404 after the first optical signal is interfered. The first optical signal 401, the third optical signal 403, and the fourth optical signal 404 have the same period and frequency as the pulse light emitted from the pulse laser unit 201, and have random phases.
In some embodiments, the photo detection unit 701 may receive the third optical signal 403 or/and the fourth optical signal 404 output by the interferometer 501, convert the optical signals into electrical signals, and output quantum random number electrical signals. In some embodiments, the module for performing photodetection by the photodetection unit 701 may be a PN junction photodetector, a PIN photodetector, an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detector, or a pull-through avalanche photodiode (RAPD) detector.
In some embodiments, the analog data collecting and digitizing conversion unit 801 may receive the quantum random number electrical signal output by the photoelectric detection unit 701, perform sampling, and output an initial quantum random number. The analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801 may be an analog data acquisition card or a high-speed ADC module unit, and has a sampling bit width of N, where N may be 8bit,10bit,12bit,14bit,16bit, or the like according to different use situations. In some embodiments, the quantum random number generation apparatus main control module may receive the initial quantum random number output by the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801, and output the quantum random number after performing processing detection in a manner of random number source post-data processing, random number randomness detection, and the like on the initial quantum random number.
Fig. 3a shows a schematic structural diagram of another principal embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3a, the same or similar devices or modules as in the embodiment shown in fig. 2a have the same or similar functions. As shown in FIG. 3a, the quantum random number generating device of the present invention may comprise an MZ unequal arm interferometer 503.
In some embodiments, the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503 may receive the first optical signal 401, and output the third optical signal 403 or/and the fourth optical signal 404 after interference. The optical path difference between the long arm and the short arm of the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503 is nT, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and T is the period of the first optical signal 401, the third optical signal 403, and the fourth optical signal 404.
FIG. 3b shows a schematic structure of MZ unequal-arm interferometer 503. As shown in fig. 3b, the first optical signal 401 is input to the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503, and is split to be transmitted along the long arm and the short arm of the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503, and after interference, the third optical signal 403 and/or the fourth optical signal 404 are output.
Fig. 4a shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another principal embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4a, the same or similar devices or modules as in the embodiment shown in fig. 2a have the same or similar functions. As shown in fig. 4a, the quantum random number generating device of the present invention may include a michelson interferometer 505 and an isolator 507.
In some embodiments, michelson interferometer 505 may receive first optical signal 401 and interfere to output third optical signal 403 or/and fourth optical signal 404. The optical path difference between the long arm and the short arm of the michelson interferometer 505 is nT, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and T is the period of the first optical signal 401, the third optical signal 403, and the fourth optical signal 404. In some embodiments, isolator 507 may function to prevent optical signals from being transmitted along the optical path to pulsed laser unit 201 to ensure proper operation.
Fig. 4b shows a schematic structure of michelson interferometer 505 and isolator 507. As shown in fig. 4b, isolator 507 may be a circulator, and may include three optical interfaces: a first interface, a second interface and a third interface; wherein the optical signal input from the first interface is output from the second interface, and the optical signal input from the second interface is output from the third interface. The first optical signal 401 is input to the michelson interferometer 505 through the isolator 507, is split and transmitted along the long arm and the short arm of the michelson interferometer 505, and outputs the third optical signal 403 or/and the fourth optical signal 404 after interference occurs.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the same or similar devices or modules as in the embodiments shown in fig. 2a and 3a have the same or similar functions. As shown in fig. 5, the quantum random number generator of the present invention may include an MZ unequal arm interferometer 503, an optical fiber delay control unit 601, a balanced homodyne detector 703, and an analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801.
In some embodiments, the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503 may receive the first optical signal 401, and output the third optical signal 403 and the fourth optical signal 404 after interference. The first optical signal 401 has an intensity value E401.
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram showing the operation of an MZ unequal-arm interferometer in an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention; FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the optical signals of the MZ unequal-arm interferometer of FIG. 6a during operation.
As shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, after the first optical signal 401 is inputted into the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503, it is split into OUTA transmitted along the short arm and OUTb transmitted along the long arm, and the light intensity values of OUTA and OUTb are both half E401. The optical path difference between the long arm and the short arm of the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503 is nT, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and T is the period of the first optical signal 401. After transmission, OUTA forms OUTA, OUTB forms OUTB, and the light intensity values of OUTA and OUTB are both one-half E401。OUTA and OUTB interfere to form OUT. Since the phase of the pulsed light is random, the phase of the first optical signal 401 is random, and therefore the phases of OUTA and OUTB are also random. Since the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503 has an optical path length difference of nT, OUTA and OUTB interfere with each other to form an OUT light intensity that is random, and the light intensity value is set as EOUTThen the value range is: e is not less than 0OUT≤E401. The light intensity values of the third optical signal 403 and the fourth optical signal 404 formed by outputting OUT are alsoIs random, let the light intensity value of the third light signal 403 be E403The fourth optical signal 404 has an intensity value E404Then there is E403+E404=EOUT。
In some embodiments, the fiber delay unit 601 may receive the fourth optical signal 404 output by the MZ unequal arm interferometer 503, perform delay processing, and form and output a fifth optical signal 405 with an optical intensity value E405. The optical fiber delay unit 601 can be implemented by using optical fibers with fixed lengths, or by combining the optical fibers with fixed lengths and an optical fiber adjustable delay device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an optical signal of an optical delay process of the quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the optical fiber delay unit 601 may receive the delay control signal sent by the main control module 101 of the quantum random number generator, and perform T/2 processing on the fourth optical signal 404 by odd-number-times of delay to form a fifth optical signal 405. Since the process of forming the fifth optical signal 405 by performing the delay processing on the fourth optical signal 404 by the optical fiber delay unit 601 only has the delay processing and no other processing, and does not affect the light intensity, there is E405= E404Further has E403+E405=EOUT。
In some embodiments, the balanced homodyne detector 703 may receive the third optical signal 403 and the fifth optical signal 405, perform photoelectric detection and balanced homodyne processing, and form and output a quantum random number electrical signal.
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the balanced homodyne detection operation of the quantum random number generating device according to the present invention; fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of an optical signal of a balanced homodyne detection process of the quantum random number generating device according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 8a, the balanced homodyne detector 703 may include a first photodetector 7031, a second photodetector 7033, and a balanced homodyne module 7035. As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the first photodetector 7031 can receive the third optical signal 403, and form a first electrical signal 4031 through photodetection, and output the first electrical signal 4031; the second photodetector 7033 can receive the fifth optical signal 405 and form a second electrical signal 4051 by photodetection, and output the second electrical signal. The balanced homodyne module 7035 may receive the first electrical signal 4031 output by the first photodetector 7031 and the second electrical signal 4051 output by the second photodetector 7033, perform balanced homodyne processing, and form and output a quantum random number electrical signal. The balanced homodyne processing can eliminate offset errors existing in the first electrical signal 4031 and the second electrical signal 4051.
In some embodiments, the analog data collecting and digitizing conversion unit 801 may receive the electrical signal of the quantum random number output by the balanced homodyne detector 703, perform sampling, and output an initial quantum random number. The analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801 may be an analog data acquisition card or a high-speed ADC module unit, and has a sampling bit width of N, where N may be 8bit,10bit,12bit,14bit,16bit, or the like according to different use situations.
Fig. 9a and 9b are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation process of quantum random digital-to-analog conversion according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 9a and 9b, the quantum random number electrical signal may include a first component having a positive voltage value and a second component having a negative voltage value. The vertical dashed lines in fig. 9a and 9b indicate the sampling positions of the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit signals. In fig. 9a, the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801 samples a first component of the electrical signal of the quantum random number and outputs an initial quantum random number; in fig. 9b, the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801 samples the second component of the electrical signal of the quantum random number and outputs the initial quantum random number. In the working process of the quantum random number generating device, the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801 selects to sample the first component or the second component when sampling the quantum random number electric signal, and cannot sample the first component and the second component at the same time.
Fig. 10 shows a distribution diagram of ADC code values according to the present invention, which can illustrate the technical effect of the quantum random number generator according to the present invention. The upper half of fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of distribution of ADC code values before optimization, the vertical axis shows probability of distribution of the ADC code values, the horizontal axis shows the ADC code values, and N shows bit width of the ADC. Before optimization, the ADC code value cannot reach 0 due to the existence of offset errors; due to the fact that the light intensity of the pulse light is unstable, the voltage value of the quantum random number electric signal generated after photoelectric detection is unstable, the ADC code value cannot reach 2^ N, the randomness effect of the quantum random number is poor, and the design performance of the quantum random number generating device cannot be achieved. The lower half of fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of ADC code value distribution optimized by the quantum random number generator of the present invention, the vertical axis shows probability of ADC code value distribution, the horizontal axis shows ADC code value, and N shows ADC bit width. The quantum random number generating device has a balanced homodyne detection function, and can effectively eliminate offset errors, so that the ADC code value can reach 0; the quantum random number generating device has the function of light intensity stabilization, can ensure the light intensity stabilization of the pulse light, and enables the voltage value of the quantum random number electric signal generated after photoelectric detection to be kept stable, so that the ADC code value can reach 2^ N, and the quantum random number generated by the quantum random number generating device has excellent randomness.
Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a quantum random number generating device according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, the same or similar devices or modules as those of the previous embodiments of the present invention have the same or similar functions.
In some embodiments, the quantum random number generation device main control module 101 may include a pulsed laser drive control module 1011 that may send pulsed laser control signals to the pulsed laser unit 201; the light intensity stabilizing driving module 1013 may receive the light intensity value signal output by the light intensity stabilizing unit 301 and send a light intensity regulation control signal to the light intensity stabilizing unit 301; a delay control driving module 1015, which can send a delay control signal to the optical fiber delay unit 601; the quantum random number processing and detecting output module 1017 may receive the initial quantum random number output by the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801, perform processing detection in the manners of random number source post-data processing, random number randomness detection, and the like on the initial quantum random number, and output the quantum random number.
In some embodiments, the pulsed laser unit 201 may include a pulsed laser control unit 2013, a pulsed laser 2011. The pulse laser control unit 2013 may receive a pulse laser control signal sent by a pulse laser driving module 1011 in the quantum random number generating device main control module 101, and send a pulse laser signal to the pulse laser 2011 after processing. The pulse laser 2011 may receive the pulse laser signal sent by the pulse laser control unit 2013, operate under the driving control of the pulse laser signal, and send pulse light with coherence and fixed frequency, with a period T at random phases.
In some embodiments, the light intensity stabilizing unit 301 may include an adjustable attenuator 3011, a beam splitter 3013, a light intensity detecting unit 3015, and an adjustable control unit 3017. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the adjustable attenuator in the light intensity stabilizing unit 301 may receive the pulsed light emitted by the pulsed laser unit 201 and output a pulsed light signal. The beam splitter 3013 may receive the pulsed light signal emitted by the adjustable attenuator, and split the pulsed light signal into a first light signal 401 and a second light signal 402 to output, where a ratio of light intensity of the second light signal 402 to light intensity of the first light signal 401 is 1: 9-1: 999, and preferably 1: 99. The light intensity detecting unit 3015 may receive the second light signal 402 sent by the beam splitter 3013 and perform light intensity detection, and output the detected light intensity value to the light intensity stabilizing driving module 1013 of the quantum random number generating device main control module 101 in a light intensity value signal manner. The light intensity stabilizing driving module 1013 analyzes the received light intensity value signal, and analyzes and compares the received light intensity value signal with the light intensity value information of the second light signal 402 set at the system initialization stage, and generates a light intensity regulation control signal according to the obtained result, and feeds the light intensity regulation control signal back to the adjustable control unit 3017 of the light intensity stabilizing unit 301. The adjustable control unit 3017 may receive the light intensity regulation control signal sent by the light intensity stabilizing driving module 1013, and send the light intensity regulation control signal after processing. The adjustable attenuator 3011 may receive a light intensity adjustment signal sent by the adjustable control unit 3017, and dynamically adjust the light intensity of the received pulsed light, so that the light intensity of the sent pulsed light signal is stable, and the beam splitter 3013 outputs the first light signal 401 with a stable light intensity value.
In some embodiments, the filtering unit 901 may receive the quantum random number electrical signal sent by the balanced homodyne detector 703, filter the quantum random number electrical signal to remove the classical noise in the quantum random number electrical signal, and output the filtered quantum random number electrical signal to the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit 801.
Fig. 13 illustrates a quantum random number generation method according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 13, the quantum random number generation method of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1310: the pulse laser emits pulsed light with random phases. The pulse laser emits pulse light with coherence having a fixed frequency and a period T at random phases.
S1320: the light intensity is stable. The light intensity stabilizing unit receives the pulse light, and outputs a first light signal with a stable light intensity value after detection and regulation.
S1330: the signal light interferes. The interferometer receives the first optical signal and outputs a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal after interference. The interferometer may be an MZ unequal-arm interferometer or a Michelson interferometer.
S1340: and (5) delaying processing. In step S1303, if the interferometers are MZ unequal-arm interferometers, the optical fiber delay unit is required to perform odd-time delay T/2 processing on the fourth optical signal to form a fifth optical signal.
S1350: and (4) photoelectric detection. And the photoelectric detection unit receives the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal to perform photoelectric detection and outputs a quantum random number electric signal. The photoelectric detection unit can be a balanced homodyne detector, and offset errors can be effectively eliminated by adopting the balanced homodyne detector, so that the distribution of ADC code values can reach or approach 2^ N. If the interferometer of step S1303 is an MZ unequal arm interferometer, the third optical signal and the fifth optical signal of step S1304 are received.
S1360: and (5) filtering. The filtering unit receives the quantum random number electric signal to carry out filtering processing, and removes classical noise in the quantum random number electric signal.
S1370: and analog data acquisition and digital conversion. The analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit receives the quantum random number electric signal, samples and outputs an initial quantum random number.
S1380: quantum random number post-processing and randomness detection. And (5) outputting the quantum random number. The quantum random number generation device main control module or the quantum random number processing and detecting output module receives the initial quantum random number output by the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit, and performs random number source post-data processing and random number randomness detection on the initial quantum random number.
S1390: the quantum random number generation device comprises a main control module or a quantum random number processing and detecting output module, wherein the main control module or the quantum random number processing and detecting output module is used for carrying out random number source data processing and random number randomness detection on the initial quantum random number and then outputting the quantum random number.
The quantum random number generating device has a balanced homodyne detection function, and can effectively eliminate offset errors, so that the ADC code value can reach 0; the quantum random number generating device has the light intensity stabilizing function, can ensure the light intensity stability of the pulse light, and ensures that the voltage value of the quantum random number electric signal generated after photoelectric detection is kept stable, thereby ensuring that the ADC code value can reach 2^ N. Therefore, the quantum random number generated by the quantum random number generating device has excellent randomness. The quantum random number generating device adopts the high-speed ADC to sample data, and is different from the prior art in that a comparator is adopted, so that a multi-bit quantum random number source can be obtained after each pulse signal is interfered, and the random number generating rate is improved. The front end of the analog conversion unit of the quantum random number generating device selects the filtering unit, and the filtering unit can be used for filtering noise in a circuit, so that the components of classical noise in the quantum random number are reduced.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A quantum random number generating apparatus, comprising:
a pulse laser unit configured to emit pulsed light of a period T with a random phase;
a light intensity stabilizing unit configured to receive the pulsed light and output a first light signal with a stabilized light intensity value;
an interferometer configured to receive the first optical signal, perform interference, and output a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal;
a photoelectric detection unit configured to receive the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal, perform photoelectric detection, and output a quantum random number electrical signal;
and the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit is configured to receive the quantum random number electric signal, perform sampling and output an initial quantum random number.
2. The quantum random number generator of claim 1, further comprising a quantum random number generator master control module, comprising:
a pulsed laser drive control module configured to emit a pulsed laser control signal;
the light intensity stabilizing driving module is configured to receive the light intensity value signal output by the light intensity stabilizing unit and send a light intensity regulating control signal to the light intensity stabilizing unit;
a delay control driving module configured to send a delay control signal to the optical fiber delay unit;
and the quantum random number processing and detecting output module is configured to receive the initial quantum random number output by the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit, and output the quantum random number after performing random number source post-data processing and random number randomness detection on the initial quantum random number.
3. The quantum random number generating device of claim 1, wherein the pulsed laser unit further comprises:
a pulse laser control unit configured to receive the pulse laser control signal and to emit a pulse laser signal;
a pulse laser configured to receive the pulse laser signal and emit pulsed light of a period T with a random phase.
4. The quantum random number generating device of claim 1, wherein the light intensity stabilizing unit further comprises:
an adjustable attenuator configured to receive the pulsed light, receive a light intensity regulation signal, and output a pulsed light signal;
a beam splitter configured to receive the pulsed light signal, split the pulsed light signal into a first light signal and a second light signal, and output the first light signal and the second light signal;
a light intensity detection unit configured to receive the second light signal and perform light intensity detection, and output a detected light intensity value as a light intensity value signal;
and the adjustable control unit is configured to receive the light intensity regulation control signal and send out the light intensity regulation signal after processing.
5. The quantum random number generator of claim 1, wherein the interferometer is further a michelson interferometer.
6. The quantum random number generator of claim 1, wherein the interferometer is further a MZ unequal arm interferometer.
7. The quantum random number generation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a filtering unit configured to receive the quantum random number electrical signal and filter it to remove classical noise in the quantum random number electrical signal.
8. The quantum random number generation apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
and the optical fiber delay unit is configured to receive the fourth optical signal, process the fourth optical signal by T/2 with odd time delay, form a fifth optical signal and output the fifth optical signal.
9. A quantum random number generating device according to any of claim 1, claim 6 or claim 8, wherein the photodetecting unit is further a balanced homodyne detector.
10. The quantum random number generator according to claim 1, wherein the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit is an analog data acquisition card or a high-speed ADC module, and the bit width N thereof is one of 8bit,10bit,12bit,14bit and 16 bit.
11. A quantum random number generation method, comprising:
the pulse laser emits pulsed light with a random phase and a period of T;
the light intensity stabilizing unit receives the pulsed light, and outputs a first light signal with a stable light intensity value after detection and regulation;
the interferometer receives the first optical signal and outputs a third optical signal or/and a fourth optical signal after interference;
the photoelectric detection unit receives the third optical signal or/and the fourth optical signal to perform photoelectric detection and outputs a quantum random number electric signal;
the analog data acquisition and digital conversion unit receives the quantum random number electric signal, samples and outputs an initial quantum random number;
and (4) carrying out data processing after a random number source and processing detection in a random number randomness detection mode on the initial quantum random number, and outputting the quantum random number.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving the quantum random number electrical signal by a filtering unit and filtering the quantum random number electrical signal to remove classical noise in the quantum random number electrical signal.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the interferometer is a MZ inequality arm interferometer, and the optical fiber delay unit is required to delay the fourth optical signal by an odd multiple of T/2 to form the fifth optical signal.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the photo detection unit is further a balanced homodyne detector, and receives the third optical signal and the fifth optical signal for photo detection and outputs the electrical signal of the quantum random number.
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