CN111562204A - Calibration method of light-tight smoke meter optical filter - Google Patents
Calibration method of light-tight smoke meter optical filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111562204A CN111562204A CN202010140145.7A CN202010140145A CN111562204A CN 111562204 A CN111562204 A CN 111562204A CN 202010140145 A CN202010140145 A CN 202010140145A CN 111562204 A CN111562204 A CN 111562204A
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- transmittance
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- optical filter
- smoke meter
- meter optical
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004310 photopic vision Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G01N15/075—
Abstract
The invention provides a calibration method of an opaque smoke meter optical filter, which comprises the steps of carrying out assignment operation on the transmittance of the opaque smoke meter optical filter to obtain more accurate transmittance data, and calculating the uniformity, the front-back difference and the annual variation of the transmittance of the opaque smoke meter optical filter according to corresponding steps to judge whether the opaque smoke meter optical filter is qualified or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical filter calibration, in particular to a calibration method of an opaque smoke meter optical filter.
Background
The smoke meter is an instrument for measuring the smoke degree in the exhaust gas of an automobile, and is mainly used for measuring the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
The light-tight smoke meter (transmission-type smoke meter) can simultaneously measure blue smoke, white smoke and black smoke in the exhaust gas discharged by the diesel engine, has accurate measurement, can continuously measure the smoke intensity in the exhaust gas discharged by the diesel engine, reflects the instantaneous working condition of the diesel engine and the like, and is specified by national standards, and the tail gas of the diesel vehicle produced after 10 months and 1 days in 2001 is detected by the light-tight smoke meter.
Every opaque smokemeter is equipped with 3 opaque smokemeter light filters according to regulation at least, offers the user as the standard configuration of smokemeter when leaving the factory, and the convenience of customers regularly calibrates the smokemeter, guarantees that the smokemeter measured data is accurate reliable.
At present, a method and a corresponding technology for tracing the light-tight smoke meter optical filter are not provided in China, so that the magnitude of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter cannot be guaranteed, and further, whether data for calibration and measurement of a smoke meter is accurate and reliable cannot be judged.
The JJG976-2010 transmission-type smoke meter verification regulation which is available in China is suitable for the calibration of a light-tight smoke meter; JJG1034-2008 Standard Filter calibration protocol of Spectrophotometer is suitable for calibrating filters of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, enzyme labeling instruments and the like.
And the transmittance given in the standard filter calibration procedure of the spectrophotometer is different from the calculation formula of the transmittance in the calibration procedure of the transmission smokemeter, so that the two cannot be compatible.
In addition, JJF 194-.
In summary, no calibration method suitable for use with opaque smokemeter filters is disclosed in the domestic setting.
In order to solve the above problems, an ideal technical solution is always sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for calibrating an opaque smoke meter filter, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation work: cleaning and clamping the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, setting the mode of a spectrophotometer, and measuring the transmittance of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter by taking air as reference in a wavelength scanning mode.
2) Transmittance was measured and calculated: after scanning is finished, reading real-time transmittance data under corresponding wavelengths, substituting the real-time transmittance data into a human eye photopic vision function V (lambda), and calculating the actual transmittance according to the following formula:
τi-the ith measurement of transmittance;
τij-the transmission at the ith wavelength of the ith measurement;
Vj(λ) — eye photopic function at the j-th wavelength.
3) Repeating the step 2) for n times, and averaging the actual transmittance for n times to obtain final transmittance data, wherein n is a natural number greater than 1, and the operation formula is as follows:
n is the number of measurements, and in general, n is 3.
4) Detecting the uniformity of transmittance: adjusting the position of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, enabling the light path of the spectrophotometer to pass through different positions of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter respectively, measuring and calculating transmittance data at different positions on the light-tight smoke meter optical filter according to the step 2), and then calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value as reference data of the uniformity of the transmittance, wherein the formula can refer to the following formula:
τu＝τmax-τmin
τu-uniformity of transmittance;
τmax-the maximum value of the transmittance at the central point and 4-8mm above and below the central point;
τminthe minimum value of the transmittance at the central point and 4-8mm above and below the central point.
5) Detecting positive and negative difference values of the transmittance: switching the front and back surfaces of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter to enable the light path of the spectrophotometer to respectively pass through the same position of the front and back surfaces of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, measuring and calculating the transmittance data of the same position of the front and back surfaces of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter according to the step 2), and then calculating the transmittance difference value of the same position of the front and back surfaces of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, wherein the following formula can be referred to in the formula:
τd＝|τz-τf|
τd-the difference between the front and back sides of the transmittance;
τz-a transmittance front value;
τf-the inverse value of the transmittance.
6) Detecting the change amount of the transmittance ratio year: reading the final transmittance data calculated according to the steps 2) and 3) in the previous period, then calculating the difference value between the two groups of final transmittance data in the previous period and the current period as the annual variation data of the transmittance, and calculating the formula as follows:
τΔ＝|τ1-τ2|
τΔ-the transmission specific year change amount;
τ1-upper period transmittance value;
τ2-current period transmittance value.
Comparing the transmission ratio uniformity, the transmission ratio positive and negative difference value and the transmission ratio year variation with qualified parameters, and judging whether the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is qualified or not; wherein the first calibration does not comprise step 6).
Basically, in the step 1), the spectrophotometer needs to be started up and preheated for at least half an hour, the spectral bandwidth is set to be 2nm in the wavelength scanning mode, the starting point of scanning is set in the wavelength range of visible light of human eyes, the sampling interval is set to be 10nm, and the transmittance mode is selected.
And blowing off floating dust on the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter by using an ear washing ball, and wiping off the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter by using absorbent cotton dipped with a cleaning solution if the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is seriously polluted, wherein the cleaning solution is a mixture of ethanol and diethyl ether in a ratio of 1: 4.
Basically, in the step 2) and the step 5), the light path of the spectrophotometer passes through the center of the non-light-transmitting smokemeter optical filter; and 4) in the step 4), the light path of the spectrophotometer respectively passes through the central position of the non-light-transmitting smokemeter optical filter, the position of the central position 4-8mm upwards and the position of the central position 4-8mm downwards.
Basically, the clamp for clamping the light-tight smoke meter optical filter adopts the existing device in the market or a specially developed clamp developed in the later period.
Compared with the prior art, the method has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly, the method is used for setting the transmission ratio uniformity, the transmission ratio positive and negative difference value and the transmission ratio annual variation quantity of the light tight smoke meter optical filter as indexes for judging whether the light tight smoke meter optical filter is qualified or not, and is characterized in that the method for verifying the indexes is provided, so that a special calibration method suitable for the light tight smoke meter optical filter is constructed, meanwhile, in order to obtain more accurate transmission ratio data, the data are substituted into a human eye photopic vision function, then weighted average calculation in a human eye visible wavelength range is carried out, more accurate transmission ratio data are obtained, and the method is more scientific compared with single transmission ratio data directly measured by equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating an opaque smokemeter filter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
The following spectrophotometers were used to satisfy: the wavelength resolution is not more than 0.1 nm; the accuracy grade is grade I, and the visible spectrophotometer (ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer) with scanning function is hereinafter referred to as spectrophotometer.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calibrating an opaque smokemeter filter includes the following steps:
1) preparation work: cleaning and clamping the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, blowing off floating dust on the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter by using an ear washing ball for slight pollution, and dipping cleaning solution by absorbent cotton to clean the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter if the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is seriously polluted, wherein the cleaning solution is a mixture of ethanol and diethyl ether in a ratio of 1: 4.
Starting the spectrophotometer, wherein the spectrophotometer needs to be started to be preheated for at least half an hour, after preheating, in a wavelength scanning mode, the spectral bandwidth is set to be 2nm, the scanning starting point is set to be within the wavelength range of visible light of human eyes, in the embodiment, the scanning starting point is 465nm, the scanning end point is 655nm, the sampling interval is 10nm, and a transmittance mode is selected for baseline correction.
In this embodiment, 18 sets of data with wavelengths of 475nm, 485nm, and 495nm, … … 645nm, and 645nm are taken for calculation after the scanning is finished.
2) Transmittance was measured and calculated: the method comprises the following steps of (1) installing an opaque smoke meter optical filter in a calibration fixture, taking air as reference, adjusting an optical filter adjusting mechanism on the calibration fixture in a set mode, enabling a light path to pass through the center of the opaque smoke meter optical filter, then compressing the opaque smoke meter optical filter, starting scanning, reading real-time transmittance data under 18 groups of corresponding wavelengths after scanning is finished, substituting human eye photopic vision function V (lambda), and calculating actual transmittance according to the following formula, wherein the real transmittance is shown in table 1:
τi-the ith measurement of transmittance;
τij-the transmission at the ith wavelength of the ith measurement;
Vj(λ) — the j-th wavelength human eye vision function.
Table 1. human eye photopic function at different wavelengths:
3) repeating the step 2) for 3 times, and averaging the actual transmittance for 3 times to obtain the final transmittance data, wherein the final transmittance data is obtained by the following formula:
n is the number of measurements, and in this example, n is 3.
4) Detecting the uniformity of transmittance: adjusting an optical filter adjusting mechanism on the calibration fixture, enabling the light path of the spectrophotometer to respectively measure and calculate transmittance data at different positions on the opaque smokemeter optical filter from the center of the opaque smokemeter optical filter, the center of the opaque smokemeter optical filter is upward 4-8mm and the center of the opaque smokemeter optical filter is downward 4-8mm according to the step 2), and then calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value as reference data of the uniformity of the transmittance, wherein the formula can refer to the following formula:
τu＝τmax-τmin
τu-uniformity of transmittance;
τmax-the maximum value of the transmittance at the central point and 4-8mm above and below the central point;
τminthe minimum value of the transmittance at the central point and 4-8mm above and below the central point.
In this embodiment, the transmittance uniformity does not exceed 0.4%, otherwise this is not acceptable.
5) Detecting positive and negative difference values of the transmittance: adjust the light filter adjustment mechanism on the calibration anchor clamps, make spectrophotometer's light path pass through from the center department of nontransparent smokemeter light filter, then compress tightly lightproof smokemeter light filter, measure and calculate the positive transmittance data of lightproof smokemeter light filter according to step 2), later overturn 180 degrees lightproof smokemeter light filter, measure and calculate the transmittance data of lightproof smokemeter light filter reverse side according to step 2), calculate the transmittance difference of lightproof smokemeter light filter positive and negative central point department, the following formula can be referred to the formula:
τd＝|τz-τf|
τd-the difference between the front and back sides of the transmittance;
τz-go throughA front value of the emission ratio;
τf-the inverse value of the transmittance.
In the embodiment, the difference between the front side and the back side of the transmittance is not more than 0.4%, otherwise, the transmittance is not qualified.
6) Detecting the change amount of the transmittance ratio year: reading the final transmittance data calculated according to the steps 2) and 3) in the previous period, then calculating the difference value between the two groups of final transmittance data in the previous period and the current period as the annual variation data of the transmittance, and calculating the formula as follows:
τΔ＝|τ1-τ2|
τΔ-the transmission specific year change amount;
τ1-upper period transmittance value;
τ2-current period transmittance value.
The change of the transmission ratio year does not exceed 0.5 percent, otherwise, the item is not qualified.
Wherein the first calibration does not comprise step 6).
In this embodiment, if any one of the transmittance uniformity, the transmittance positive and negative difference value, and the transmittance annual variation exceeds the requirement, the opaque smokemeter optical filter is determined to be not qualified.
The invention solves the calibration method and technical indexes of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, provides basis for the assignment of the optical filter and provides judgment basis for the qualification of the optical filter.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A calibration method of an opaque smokemeter filter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparation work: cleaning and clamping the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, setting the mode of a spectrophotometer, and measuring the transmittance of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter by taking air as reference in a wavelength scanning mode;
2) transmittance was measured and calculated: after scanning is finished, reading real-time transmittance data under corresponding wavelength, introducing a human eye photopic vision function V (lambda), and calculating actual transmittance according to the following formula:
τi-the ith measurement of transmittance;
τij-the transmission at the ith wavelength of the ith measurement;
Vj(λ) — eye photopic function at the jth wavelength;
3) repeating the step 2) for n times, and averaging the actual transmittance of the n times to obtain final transmittance data, wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
4) detecting the uniformity of transmittance: adjusting the position of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, enabling the light path of the spectrophotometer to pass through different positions of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter respectively, measuring and calculating transmittance data at different positions on the light-tight smoke meter optical filter according to the step 2), and then calculating the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value as reference data of the uniformity of the transmittance;
5) detecting positive and negative difference values of the transmittance: switching the front side and the back side of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter to enable the light path of the spectrophotometer to respectively pass through the same position of the front side and the back side of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, measuring and calculating the transmittance data of the same position of the front side and the back side of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter according to the step 2), and then calculating the transmittance difference value of the same position of the front side and the back side of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter;
6) detecting the change amount of the transmittance ratio year: reading the final transmittance data calculated in the previous period according to the step 2) and the step 3), and calculating the difference value between the two groups of final transmittance data in the previous period and the current period to be used as the annual variation data of the transmittance;
comparing the transmission ratio uniformity, the transmission ratio positive and negative difference value and the transmission ratio year variation with qualified parameters, and judging whether the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is qualified or not; wherein, the first calibration does not comprise the step 6), the sequence of the steps 4) to 6) can be randomly arranged.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 1), the spectrophotometer needs to be started and preheated for at least half an hour; in the wavelength scanning mode, the spectral bandwidth is set to be 2nm, the starting point of scanning is set to be within the wavelength range of visible light of human eyes, the sampling interval is set to be 10nm, and the transmittance mode is selected.
3. The method of calibrating an opaque smokemeter filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 1), the surface floating dust of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is blown off by an ear washing ball, and if the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter is seriously polluted, absorbent cotton is dipped in cleaning solution to wipe the surface of the light-tight smoke meter optical filter, wherein the cleaning solution is a mixture of ethanol and diethyl ether in a ratio of 1: 4.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: in the step 2) and the step 5), the light path of the spectrophotometer passes through the center of the non-light-transmission smokemeter optical filter, and in the step 4), the light path of the spectrophotometer respectively passes through the center position, the upward 4-8mm position and the downward 4-8mm position of the center position of the non-light-transmission smokemeter optical filter.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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