CN111561541B - Bearing irrelevant type pendulum type shock-proof device - Google Patents
Bearing irrelevant type pendulum type shock-proof device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111561541B CN111561541B CN202010427074.9A CN202010427074A CN111561541B CN 111561541 B CN111561541 B CN 111561541B CN 202010427074 A CN202010427074 A CN 202010427074A CN 111561541 B CN111561541 B CN 111561541B
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- plate
- limiting plate
- cover plate
- upper limiting
- bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/021—Decoupling of vibrations by means of point-of-contact supports, e.g. ball bearings
Abstract
A bearing irrelevant type pendulum type anti-vibration device comprises a cover plate, an upper limiting plate, a lower limiting plate and a bottom plate from top to bottom; the bottom surface of the cover plate is provided with a spherical crown-shaped curved surface; a universal spherical roller is arranged at the position of the upper limiting plate corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped curved surface; the bottom surface of the upper limiting plate is provided with a short column which passes through the lower limiting plate and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate to form a fixed combination; the upper surface of the lower limiting plate is provided with a vertical baffle which is fixedly connected with the cover plate to form a movable combination body; when the vibration is applied, the fixed assembly keeps immovable relative to the bottom supporting surface, the movable assembly displaces relative to the fixed assembly, and the universal spherical roller rolls freely in the original position and returns to the original balance position under the action of a gravity field. The invention has simple structure, convenient use and reliable effect, the dynamic characteristic of the device is only related to the structure size of the device, the shockproof protection requirement under any bearing condition is met, the free translation in any direction in a plane is realized, meanwhile, the vertical separation is prevented, and the shockproof protection device is suitable for shockproof protection of high-value articles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration prevention/vibration protection of high-value articles such as cultural relics, precision instruments and important articles, in particular to a bearing irrelevant type swinging type vibration prevention device which is suitable for vibration/vibration isolation under various bearings.
Background
The junction position of two large geological structure plates in China is greatly damaged by frequent earthquakes, and the life and property safety of people is threatened. At present, earthquake fortification design in China aims to reduce casualties caused by earthquakes as much as possible, few shockproof safety considerations are given to articles in buildings, indoor articles are seriously damaged in earthquakes, and the safety guarantee significance of high-value articles such as important articles, cultural relics, precision instruments and the like is great and urgent.
The museum is a carrier for storing collections such as cultural relics in a living mode during protection and utilization, a large number of movable collections flow to the museum to be stored in a concentrated mode, and the possibility of large-scale damage under sudden disasters is increased. At present, more than 4900 museums in China are located on a strong earthquake multiple earthquake zone in more than 60 percent of museums, wherein more than 90 museums are located in an earthquake area and 69 museums are located in a high-intensity earthquake area with more than 7 degrees in a first-level museum in more than one hundred countries. In addition, with the development of cities changing day by day, the influence of vibration on building groups caused by urban road traffic and rail traffic is more and more difficult to ignore due to the rapid development of the urban road traffic and the rail traffic.
The dynamic characteristics of the conventional anti-vibration/vibration device are related to the weight (bearing) of a bearing article, the rigidity parameter of the anti-vibration/vibration device is limited, and particularly for high-value articles with small mass, the anti-vibration/vibration efficiency is difficult to ensure and improve; for high-value articles with large mass, the high-value articles are also influenced by the mass of the bearing articles, the size and the rigidity parameters of the rigidity element of the conventional shockproof/vibration device are large, the effect of the whole device is influenced, and the storage and the display of the articles are inconvenient. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an effective and reliable vibration prevention/protection device for the vibration prevention/protection of high-value articles such as important articles, cultural relics, precision instruments and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bearing irrelevant type swinging type vibration-proof device, which solves the technical problems that high-value articles such as historical relic collections, precision instruments and important articles and the like in the prior art lack an effective and reliable vibration-proof/vibration-proof device and the characteristics of the prior art are limited by the upper mass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a load-bearing independent pendulum vibration damping device is characterized in that: the upper limiting plate, the lower limiting plate and the bottom plate are all flat plates which are horizontally arranged from top to bottom;
the bottom surface of the cover plate is recessed inwards to form a plurality of spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces which are arranged at intervals and have the same size, the curvature radius of the spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces is R, and the self-vibration period of the vibration/shock absorbing device isThe spherical crown-shaped curved surface is in plane symmetry or centrosymmetry arrangement with respect to the center of the cover plate;
universal spherical rollers are respectively arranged on the panel of the upper limiting plate corresponding to the positions of the spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces, the universal spherical rollers can freely roll in the original positions, and the spherical centers of the original balanced states are the same as the central plane positions of the spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces;
the bottom surface of the upper limiting plate is vertically provided with a short column, and the bottom end of the short column is fixedly connected with the bottom plate after the short column penetrates through a circular hole formed in the center of the lower limiting plate to form a fixed combination;
the upper surface of the lower limiting plate is provided with a plurality of vertical baffles, and the top ends of the vertical baffles are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cover plate to form a movable combination body;
the vertical baffle is arranged around the upper limiting plate, a buffer distance is reserved between the vertical baffle and the side edge of the upper limiting plate, and the upper limiting plate is positioned in an area formed by the cover plate, the lower limiting plate and the vertical baffle in an enclosing manner;
the bottom plate has the same overall dimension as the cover plate, the edge of the panel is provided with a mounting hole, and a connecting piece is arranged in the mounting hole and fixed with the bottom supporting surface; the device can be installed with ground feet and directly placed on the ground or the floor, and can also be connected with the display stand panel through the installation bolts; the bearing object is arranged on the cover plate, can be directly placed or matched with the installation component or the limiting component for placement, when the bearing object is subjected to external vibration/vibration action, a fixed assembly formed by the bottom plate and the upper limiting plate keeps still relative to a bottom supporting surface, a movable assembly formed by the cover plate and the lower limiting plate displaces relative to the fixed assembly, the universal spherical roller freely rolls in the original position, the cover plate generates relative motion in any direction in a plane relative to the universal spherical roller, and returns to the original balance position by means of gravity field action.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the cover plate and the bottom plate are rectangular plates with equal size, four spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces are arranged on the bottom surface of the cover plate in a plane symmetry or center symmetry mode relative to the center of the cover plate.
Further preferably, the central position of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface is a plane disc, and in an original balanced state, vertical plane projections of the plane disc and the universal spherical roller coincide.
Furthermore, the upper limiting plate is a four-corner star plate which is centrosymmetric with the center point of the panel, four side edges are all in a V shape, and the universal spherical rollers are respectively arranged at four corners of the four-corner star; the short column is a central short column and is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the upper limiting plate.
Furthermore, the lower limiting plate is a cross-shaped plate with a hole at the center, and four end parts of the cross-shaped plate are respectively provided with a vertical baffle.
Furthermore, vertical baffle is the V-arrangement board of vertical setting, with the V-arrangement side adaptation of last spacing board, the inboard of V-arrangement board sets up flexible cushion rubber gasket.
Furthermore, in the original balance state, the buffer distance between the vertical baffle and the corresponding upper limiting plate side edge is equal to the bottom plane radius r of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface, namely, the maximum horizontal relative deformation of the cover plate and the bottom plate is the bottom plane radius r of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface, and when the cover plate and the bottom plate reach the maximum relative deformation r, the upper limiting plate fixed on the bottom plate is in flexible contact with the lower limiting plate fixedly connected with the cover plate to limit overlarge horizontal deformation.
Further, the lower limiting plate is formed by symmetrically splicing four quadrangular plate pieces, the outer side end of each quadrangular plate piece is a V-shaped edge matched with the vertical baffle, and the inner side end and the left side edge and the right side edge of each quadrangular plate piece are arc-shaped edges.
Furthermore, in the original equilibrium state, the distance between the cover plate and the bottom plate is the minimum and is hminHeight h of said vertical baffles≤hmin-5 mm; when the cover plate is used by external vibration/vibration, the maximum distance h between the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (4)maxEqual to the diameter d of the gimbaled spherical roller.
Furthermore, the length of the short column meets the condition that the vertical clearance between the upper limiting plate and the lower limiting plate is equal to the maximum depth of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface, horizontal relative deformation is guaranteed, meanwhile, vertical excessive deformation is limited, and vertical separation is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a simple-structured, reliable and effective bearing irrelevant type swinging type vibration/shock absorbing device aiming at the practical problems that the prior high-value articles such as cultural relics, precision instruments, important articles and the like lack effective and reliable vibration/shock absorbing devices and the characteristics of the prior device are limited by the upper quality.
Drawings
The above and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the detailed description taken in conjunction with the following drawings, which are meant to be illustrative, not limiting of the invention, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a load-independent pendulum vibration damping device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the load-independent pendulum vibration damping device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a base plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an upper limiting plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a lower limiting plate according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a flexible cushion rubber gasket according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-cover plate, 1.1-spherical crown-shaped curved surface, 2-upper limiting plate, 2.1-short column, 2.2-universal spherical roller, 3-lower limiting plate, 3.1-round hole, 3.2-vertical baffle, 3.3-flexible buffer rubber gasket, 3.4-quadrangular plate, 4-bottom plate and 4.1-mounting hole.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the load-irrelevant type pendulum vibration damper of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein. The drawings in the present specification are schematic views to assist in explaining the concept of the present invention, and schematically show the shapes of respective portions and their mutual relationships. It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to the same scale so as to clearly illustrate the structures of the various elements of the embodiments of the invention. Like reference numerals are used to denote like parts.
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a load-bearing independent pendulum vibration-proof device comprises a cover plate 1, a bottom plate 4, an upper limiting plate 2 and a lower limiting plate 3, wherein the upper side of the cover plate 1 is a plane, the lower side of the cover plate 1 is provided with four spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces 1.1 with the same curvature, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the curvature radius of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface 1.1 is R, and the natural vibration period of the vibration-proof/vibration-vibration device is RThe spherical crown-shaped curved surface 1.1 is in plane symmetry or in central symmetry with respect to the center of the cover plate, the radius of the plane circle of the bottom surface of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface 1.1 is r, and the maximum depth of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface 1.1 is h.
As shown in fig. 6, the bottom plate 4 has the same overall dimension as the cover plate 1, the upper side and the lower side of the bottom plate 4 are both planes, and mounting holes 4.1 are reserved at the corners, so that ground feet can be mounted and directly placed on the ground or the floor, and the device can also be connected with a display stand panel through mounting bolts.
As shown in fig. 7, the upper limiting plate 2 is plane-center symmetric, a vertical short column 2.1 is welded at the center, and the upper limiting plate 2 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 4 through the central short column; the limiting plate is the four corners star board that uses the panel central point to be central symmetry on this embodiment, four sides all are the V-arrangement, a universal globular gyro wheel 2.2 is respectively inlayed in every bight, go up the limiting plate and install four universal globular gyro wheels 2.2 altogether, universal globular gyro wheel 2.2 can be in the original position free roll, the centre of sphere plane position of the original balanced state of universal globular gyro wheel 2.2 and the plane disc projection coincidence at the inboard spherical crown shape curved surface 1.1 center of apron 1, the distance between apron 1 and bottom plate 4 is minimum during original balanced state, for hminThe diameter of the universal spherical roller is d, and the maximum distance h between the cover plate and the bottom platemax=d。
As shown in fig. 8, the lower limiting plate 3 is formed by symmetrically splicing four quadrangular plate pieces 3.4, the outer side end of each quadrangular plate piece is a V-shaped edge matched with the vertical baffle, the inner side end and the left and right side edges are arc-shaped edges, the center of the lower limiting plate 3 is provided with a round hole 3.1 for a short column 2.1 to pass through, the four edges are provided with vertical baffles 3.2 which respectively correspond to the four edges of the upper limiting plate 2, the top end of each vertical baffle 3.2 is fixedly connected with the cover plate 1, and the height h of each vertical baffle 3.2 is hs≤hmin-5 mm. When the universal spherical roller 2.2 is used by external vibration/shock, the universal spherical roller freely rolls at the original position, the cover plate 1 generates relative motion in any direction in a plane relative to the universal spherical roller 2.2, and returns to the original balance position under the action of a gravity field.
As shown in fig. 9, the distance between the inner side of each vertical baffle 3.2 of the lower limiting plate 3 and the corresponding upper limiting plate 2 is the radius r of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface, the flexible buffer rubber gasket 3.3 is adhered at the relative position between the inner side of the vertical baffle 3.2 and the corresponding upper limiting plate 2, the maximum horizontal relative deformation value of the cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 4 is the radius r of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface, and when the cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 4 reach the maximum relative deformation r, the upper limiting plate 2 fixed on the bottom plate 4 is in flexible contact with the lower limiting plate 3 fixedly connected with the cover plate 1, so as to limit the excessive horizontal deformation.
In addition, the height of the short column 2.1 and the vertical baffle 3.2 cooperate to ensure that a certain vertical gap is reserved between the upper limiting plate 2 and the lower limiting plate 3, the height of the preferable vertical gap is equal to the maximum depth of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface to be h, the relative deformation of the whole device in the horizontal direction is ensured, the vertical overlarge deformation is limited, and the vertical separation is avoided.
When in use, a bearing object is arranged on the cover plate 1; when the vibration/vibration device is used by external vibration/vibration, a fixed assembly formed by the bottom plate 4 and the upper limiting plate 2 is kept still relative to a bottom supporting surface, a movable assembly formed by the cover plate 1 and the lower limiting plate 3 is displaced relative to the fixed assembly, the universal spherical roller freely rolls at the original position, and the cover plate 1 generates relative motion in any direction in a plane relative to the universal spherical roller and returns to the original balance position under the action of a gravity field.
The above embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to other embodiments, and the present embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all applications that can be modified from the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A load-bearing independent pendulum vibration damping device is characterized in that: the device comprises a cover plate (1), an upper limiting plate (2), a lower limiting plate (3) and a bottom plate (4) from top to bottom, wherein the cover plate, the upper limiting plate, the lower limiting plate and the bottom plate are all horizontal plane plates;
the bottom surface of the cover plate (1) is recessed inwards to form a plurality of spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces (1.1) which are arranged at intervals and have the same size;
universal spherical rollers (2.2) are respectively arranged on the panel of the upper limiting plate (2) at positions corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped curved surface (1.1), and the spherical center of the universal spherical roller (2.2) in the original balanced state is the same as the central plane position of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface (1.1); a short column (2.1) is vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the upper limiting plate (2), and after the short column (2.1) penetrates through a round hole (3.1) formed in the center of the lower limiting plate (3), the bottom end of the short column is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (4) to form a fixed combination;
the upper surface of the lower limiting plate (3) is provided with a plurality of vertical baffles (3.2), and the top ends of the vertical baffles (3.2) are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cover plate (1) to form a movable combination;
the vertical baffle (3.2) is arranged around the upper limiting plate (2), a buffer distance is reserved between the vertical baffle and the side edge of the upper limiting plate (2), and the upper limiting plate (2) is arranged in an area formed by the cover plate (1), the lower limiting plate (3) and the vertical baffle (3.2) in an enclosing mode;
the edge of the panel of the bottom plate (4) is provided with a mounting hole (4.1), and a connecting piece is arranged in the mounting hole (4.1) and is fixed with the bottom supporting surface;
the bearing object is arranged on the cover plate (1); when the vibration/vibration action is received from the outside, a fixed assembly formed by the bottom plate (4) and the upper limiting plate (2) keeps still relative to a bottom supporting surface, a movable assembly formed by the cover plate (1) and the lower limiting plate (3) displaces relative to the fixed assembly, the universal spherical roller freely rolls at the original position, the cover plate (1) generates relative motion in any direction in a plane relative to the universal spherical roller, and returns to the original balance position by the action of a gravity field;
the upper limiting plate (2) is a four-corner star plate, four side edges are V-shaped, and the universal spherical rollers (2.2) are respectively arranged at four corners of the four-corner star; the short column (2.1) is a central short column and is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the upper limiting plate (2);
the lower limiting plate (3) is a cross-shaped plate with a hole at the center, and the four end parts of the cross-shaped plate are respectively provided with a vertical baffle (3.2).
2. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 1, wherein: the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (4) are rectangular plates with equal size, four spherical crown-shaped curved surfaces (1.1) are arranged on the bottom surface of the cover plate (1) in a plane symmetry or center symmetry mode relative to the center of the cover plate.
3. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 1, wherein: the central position of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface (1.1) is a plane disc, and the vertical plane projections of the plane disc and the universal spherical roller (2.2) are superposed in an original balanced state.
4. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 1, wherein: vertical baffle (3.2) are the V-arrangement board of vertical setting, with the V-arrangement side adaptation of last spacing board (2), the inboard of V-arrangement board sets up flexible cushion rubber gasket (3.3).
5. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 4, wherein: in an original equilibrium state, the buffer distance between the vertical baffle (3.2) and the side edge of the corresponding upper limiting plate (2) is equal to the bottom plane radius of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface (1.1), namely the maximum horizontal relative deformation of the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (4) is the bottom plane radius of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface.
6. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 4, wherein: lower limiting plate (3) are formed by four quadrangle plate pieces (3.4) symmetry concatenation, the outside end of quadrangle plate piece (3.4) is the V-arrangement limit with vertical baffle (3.2) adaptation, and inboard end and left and right sides limit are the arc limit.
7. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 1, wherein: in the original equilibrium state, the distance between the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (4) is the minimum and is hminHeight h of said vertical baffle (3.2)s≤hmin-5 mm; when the cover plate is used by external vibration/vibration, the maximum distance h between the cover plate (1) and the bottom plate (4)maxEqual to the diameter d of the gimbaled spherical roller.
8. The load-bearing unrelated type pendulum vibration damping device according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the short column (2.1) meets the condition that the vertical clearance between the upper limiting plate (2) and the lower limiting plate (3) is equal to the maximum depth of the spherical crown-shaped curved surface (1.1).
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CN202010427074.9A CN111561541B (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Bearing irrelevant type pendulum type shock-proof device |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH10196153A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-07-28 | Isamu Yamazaki | Spherical vibration isolator |
JPH1144338A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-02-16 | Kajima Corp | Small stroke base isolation device |
JPH11182093A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-07-06 | Fujikura Ltd | Receiver structure of base isolation bearing |
WO2014178109A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | 株式会社Nke | Gravity-balancing seismic base isolation device |
CN106051033A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 四川世诚电子信息系统有限责任公司 | Combined type sliding shock insulation platform mechanism |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI408273B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2013-09-11 | Yu Guang Lai | The anti-uplift seismic isolation device. |
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2020
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10196153A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-07-28 | Isamu Yamazaki | Spherical vibration isolator |
JPH1144338A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-02-16 | Kajima Corp | Small stroke base isolation device |
JPH11182093A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-07-06 | Fujikura Ltd | Receiver structure of base isolation bearing |
WO2014178109A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | 株式会社Nke | Gravity-balancing seismic base isolation device |
CN106051033A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 四川世诚电子信息系统有限责任公司 | Combined type sliding shock insulation platform mechanism |
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