CN111561460A - Variable frequency control system and method of centrifugal compression pump for VPSA - Google Patents
Variable frequency control system and method of centrifugal compression pump for VPSA Download PDFInfo
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- CN111561460A CN111561460A CN202010671787.XA CN202010671787A CN111561460A CN 111561460 A CN111561460 A CN 111561460A CN 202010671787 A CN202010671787 A CN 202010671787A CN 111561460 A CN111561460 A CN 111561460A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
Abstract
The invention has created and provided a VPSA to use the frequency conversion control system and method of the centrifugal compression pump, the control system includes a frequency converter, an output filter; according to different specific implementation modes, an energy consumption braking unit or an energy feedback unit can be added; the frequency converter is continuously operated in a speed control mode, four process requirements of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging are realized by setting different target speeds in four stages, and the stability and the reliability in the operation process are improved. The frequency conversion control system can prevent the overvoltage of the frequency converter bus, recover partial rotor energy in the deceleration stage, improve the dynamic response speed and improve the system efficiency by reasonably setting the overvoltage suppression value of the frequency converter bus, or the braking action voltage of the energy consumption braking unit, or the feedback starting voltage of the energy feedback unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum pressure swing adsorption, and particularly relates to a variable frequency control system and method of a centrifugal compression pump for VPSA.
Background
VPSA is a gas separation and purification technology which enables impurities which are difficult to adsorb to be resolved forcibly under negative pressure. The carrier of the adsorbent is used for realizing the adsorption and regeneration of the gas by means of the change of the pressure of the process medium, and the separation and purification of the gas are completed. In the VPSA process, the raw gas is first compressed to a limited extent and then sent to a fixed bed containing an adsorbent which exhibits an adsorption preference for one of the main components to obtain an effluent product stream depleted of adsorbed gas; then the adsorption bed is pumped out to be in a negative pressure state; then, the adsorbent is purged under negative pressure, i.e., the previously adsorbed gas is separated, thereby providing the adsorbent with re-adsorption capability. The technology for preparing pure hydrogen by pressure swing adsorption is widely applied to the field of preparing pure hydrogen by various gas sources such as hydrogen production and conversion gas, refinery reformed hydrogen, various hydrogenation tail gases, ethylene tail gas, propylene tail gas and the like.
At present, a roots type vacuum pump is mostly adopted for adsorption pressurization of the VPSA gas separation system. However, the roots vacuum pump has a series of defects of low efficiency, large noise, small capacity of a single unit, large maintenance workload and the like. Patent CN 101980760 a "PSA gas separation system and method using centrifugal compressor with high speed permanent magnet motor" uses a high speed permanent magnet variable speed motor to accelerate and decelerate a centrifugal compressor suitable for use in Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) or Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA) processes. CN 108644132A' A gas for VPSAA high-speed direct-drive two-stage centrifugal blower head set of a separation system discloses a high-speed direct-drive two-stage centrifugal vacuum blower head set for a VPSA gas separation system. In these patents, a centrifugal compressor pump directly driven by a high-speed motor is used to replace the traditional roots vacuum pump, and the gas is compressed and vacuumized by switching valves and controlling the rotating speed of the compressor. Generally, a process cycle comprises four processes of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging. Compression stage, compressor working at speed n1Duration T1Compressing the inlet gas to a process required pressure; then entering an adsorption stage, adsorbing the gas to be filtered by the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber for a time T2At this stage, the compressor does not need to be operated, but the speed must be reduced to n2The following; evacuation phase with compressor operating at speed n3Evacuating the adsorption chamber for a duration T3So that the negative pressure of the process requirement is met; then the filtered gas entering the purging stage and adsorbed by the adsorbent is separated and discharged under negative pressure to prepare for next adsorption, and the duration T is4The compressor does not need to be operated in the adsorption stage, but the speed must be reduced to n4To ensure that the next compression process can be successfully re-entered, thus completing a cycle. Typically a cycle time is on the order of tens of seconds. Compared with the traditional Roots blower, the high-speed direct-drive compression pump has the advantages of small rotor inertia, short response time, large single-machine flow, high efficiency, low noise, simple later maintenance and the like.
In the technical process, the rotating speed of the compressor, namely the rotating speed of the motor, is changed rapidly in a periodic cycle, and if a speed control system and a control method are improper, the rotating speed response is not timely, the technical process is affected, the energy consumption of the system is increased, and even the fault shutdown is frequently generated. Therefore, the control of the rotating speed of the motor is a key link and determines the performance of the process and the reliability and efficiency of the system. The present available patents and papers related to VPSA systems using high-speed direct-drive compression pumps do not introduce the structure of the speed control system and the control strategy thereof.
One method is to adopt a frequency converter to control the motor in the compression and evacuation stages, directly stop the frequency converter in the adsorption and purging stages and reduce the speed of the motor to be below the required rotating speed by the gas resistance of an impeller of the compressor. However, this method has the following disadvantages:
firstly, because the frequency converter is stopped at the adsorption and purging stages, the motor is still in a rotating state when the frequency converter is restarted at the compression and evacuation stages, the rotation speed tracking starting must be carried out, the instantaneous position and the rotation speed of the motor at the starting moment must be known for the rotation speed tracking starting, for sensorless control, the control needs to be realized by a complex control algorithm, and certain tracking failure possibility exists, so that the frequency converter is stopped due to overcurrent or overvoltage fault, the whole process is stopped, and the reliability of the system is reduced;
secondly, the deceleration completely depends on air resistance, the speed in the deceleration process is not controlled and completely depends on gas resistance, the deceleration process is influenced by discretization of the switching speed of the valve, the deceleration process is not stable enough, and the requirement of rapid deceleration can not be met.
And thirdly, free stopping is adopted in the deceleration stage, the speed is reduced completely by depending on gas resistance, the energy of the rotor is completely consumed by the resistance, and the system efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a variable frequency control system and method for a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA, so as to solve the problems of untimely speed response, affected process, increased system energy consumption and even frequent fault shutdown caused by improper speed control system and method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a frequency conversion control system of a centrifugal compression pump for VPSA comprises a power supply, a compressor motor and a frequency conversion control subsystem for controlling the compressor motor;
the frequency conversion control subsystem comprises a frequency converter and an output filter;
one end of the frequency converter is connected with the power supply, the other end of the frequency converter is connected with one end of the output filter, and the other end of the output filter is connected with the compressor motor.
Furthermore, the frequency converter is also connected with a deceleration control unit.
Furthermore, the deceleration control unit is an energy consumption braking unit, and the energy consumption braking unit is connected with a frequency converter.
Furthermore, the deceleration control unit is an energy feedback unit, and the energy feedback unit is connected with the frequency converter.
Furthermore, the speed reduction control unit comprises a box body, a heat radiation fan which is detachably arranged in the box body, and a box cover which is fixed on the box body;
the box body is provided with a T-shaped groove, the box cover comprises an inserting cover and a turnover cover hinged with the inserting cover, the inserting cover is provided with a T-shaped sliding block corresponding to the box body, and the inserting cover is inserted on the box body;
install the mounting panel in the box, the mounting panel top is equipped with the socket, the radiator fan bottom is equipped with the plug that corresponds with the socket, radiator fan can dismantle with the mounting panel and be connected, radiator fan installs and is located flip below the mounting panel top.
Furthermore, the box body is of a U-shaped structure, two T-shaped grooves are symmetrically formed in the side wall of one side, provided with an opening, of the box body, a first rectangular groove is formed in the top of the box body, the inserting cover is of an L-shaped structure and comprises a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, the second fixing plate is perpendicular to the first fixing plate, the turning cover is hinged to one end of the second fixing plate, the size of the first rectangular groove is the same as that of the second fixing plate and the turning cover, the second fixing plate and the turning cover are installed in the first rectangular groove, a T-shaped sliding block corresponding to the T-shaped groove extends out of the inner wall of the first fixing plate, and the first fixing plate is inserted;
a first threaded hole and a second threaded hole are formed in the outer wall of the first fixing plate, the first threaded hole is formed in the position, close to the top, of the first fixing plate, the first threaded hole penetrates through the second fixing plate, a third threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the hinged end of the flip cover and the second fixing plate, a first fixing bolt is installed in the first threaded hole and the third threaded hole, the first fixing bolt penetrates through the second fixing plate, the first fixing plate and the flip cover, and the flip cover and the inserting cover are fixed through the first fixing bolt;
the second threaded hole is formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the first fixing plate, penetrates through the T-shaped sliding block, a fourth threaded hole corresponding to the second threaded hole is formed in the T-shaped groove of the box body, second fixing bolts are installed in the second threaded hole and the fourth threaded hole, and the inserting cover is fixed on the box body through the second fixing bolts;
the box top still is equipped with the second rectangular channel, the second rectangular channel is located first rectangular channel below, communicates with each other with first rectangular channel, second rectangular channel size is corresponding with radiator fan size, radiator fan installs in the second rectangular channel, radiator fan is located flip's below, the mounting panel is installed in second rectangular channel below, the laminating of mounting panel top and second rectangular channel bottom, the socket is pegged graft with the plug.
A method based on a variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compression pump for VPSA comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, starting an overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting an overvoltage suppression point to be higher than a bus voltage value in normal work and lower than a bus overvoltage protection action value;
and S4, when the frequency converter decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the overvoltage suppression point is reached, the frequency converter can automatically adjust the deceleration braking torque, so that the energy flowing to the frequency converter is prevented from being excessive, and the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
The method is based on a variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA, wherein a deceleration control unit is an energy consumption braking unit, and comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, closing the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit;
and S4, when the frequency converter decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the voltage of the bus to rise, and after the voltage of the dynamic braking unit reaches the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit, the dynamic braking unit is connected with the braking resistor to release the voltage on the bus.
Based on a method of a variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compression pump for VPSA, the speed reduction control unit is an energy feedback unit, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, turning off the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting the action voltage of the energy feedback unit;
and S4, when the frequency converter decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, the energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the energy reaches the action voltage of the energy feedback unit, the energy feedback unit starts to work to invert the bus voltage into alternating-current voltage on the power supply side, so that the energy is fed back to the power grid.
Furthermore, in the speed reduction process of the frequency converter, a part of kinetic energy of the rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter, wherein most of the electric energy flows back to a power grid through the energy feedback unit, and a small part of the electric energy is stored on a direct-current capacitor of the frequency converter through the voltage rise of the direct-current bus. Compared with the prior art, the variable frequency control system and method of the centrifugal compression pump for VPSA provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the core part of the frequency conversion control subsystem is composed of a frequency converter and an output filter, and three different implementation modes can be formed by adopting different matching elements. The frequency converter runs in a speed control mode all the time in the whole process, the process is realized by reasonably setting target speeds and acceleration and deceleration times of four process stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and the stability and reliability of the start-stop process can be effectively improved.
(2) The invention adopts the bus voltage overvoltage suppression method, or installs the energy consumption braking unit on the frequency converter bus, or installs the energy feedback unit between the frequency converter DC bus and the input power supply, and reasonably sets the relevant parameters, so as to prevent the frequency converter DC bus from generating overvoltage during deceleration, and fully or partially recover the redundant rotor kinetic energy during deceleration in the adsorption and blowing stages, accelerate the speed response speed and improve the overall efficiency of the system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overvoltage suppression mode control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic braking mode control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an energy feedback control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rotational speed curves of the compressor at four stages in the VPSA process according to the inventive embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy feedback actual measurement waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a first diagram of a structure of an energy consumption unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an energy consumption unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of a case according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view of the structure of the cover of the case according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a bottom view of a heat dissipation fan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a power source; 2. a frequency converter; 3. an output filter; 4. a compressor motor; 5. a dynamic braking unit; 6. an energy feedback unit; 51. a box body; 52. a box cover; 53. a heat radiation fan; 531. a second handle; 532. a plug; 511. a T-shaped groove; 512. a first rectangular groove; 513. a second rectangular groove; 514. mounting a plate; 5141. a socket; 521. inserting a cover; 522. a cover is turned; 523. hinging a shaft; 5221. a first handle; 5211. a first fixing bolt; 5212. a second fixing bolt; 5213. a T-shaped slider; 5214. a first fixing plate; 5215. and a second fixing plate.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g. as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, a variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA comprises a power supply 1, a compressor motor 4, and a variable frequency control subsystem for controlling the compressor motor 4;
the frequency conversion control subsystem comprises a frequency converter 2 and an output filter 3;
one end of the frequency converter 2 is connected with the power supply 1, the other end of the frequency converter is connected with one end of the output filter 3, and the other end of the output filter 3 is connected with the compressor motor 4.
And one end of the frequency converter 2 is connected with a deceleration control unit.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the frequency converter 2 includes a power connection end, a motor connection end, and a communication end, the connection end of the power supply 1 includes R, S, T pins, the power supply 1 corresponds with R, S, T pins respectively and is equipped with three buses, the three buses are connected with R, S, T pins, the motor connection end includes U, V, W pins, the compressor motor 4 is equipped with the corresponding pin of U, V, W pins respectively, the compressor motor 4 is connected with the motor connection end through a circuit, the output filter 3 is connected between the frequency converter 2 and the compressor motor 4, and the speed reduction control unit is connected with the communication end of the frequency converter 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the deceleration control unit is an energy-consuming brake unit 5, and the energy-consuming brake unit is a DBU-315-4 type of engweiteng;
the energy consumption braking unit 5 comprises a braking unit positive end and a braking unit negative end, the braking unit positive end is connected with a P pin of the communication end, and the braking unit negative end is connected with an N pin of the communication end.
As shown in fig. 3, the deceleration control unit is an energy feedback unit 6, which is an inflexion RBU-160-4 model;
the energy feedback unit 6 comprises an energy conduction feedback unit power end, an energy feedback unit positive end and an energy feedback unit negative end, the energy feedback unit power end is correspondingly connected to three buses between the power supply 1 and the frequency converter 2, the energy feedback unit positive end is connected with a P pin of a communication end of the frequency converter 2, and the energy feedback unit negative end is connected with an N pin of the frequency converter 2.
As shown in fig. 6 to 10, the deceleration control unit includes a case 51, a heat radiation fan 53 detachably mounted in the case 51, and a case cover 52 fixed to the case 51;
the box body 51 is provided with a T-shaped groove 511, the box cover 52 comprises a plug-in cover 521 and a flip cover 522 hinged with the plug-in cover 521, the plug-in cover 521 is provided with a T-shaped sliding block 5213 corresponding to the box body 51, and the plug-in cover 521 is inserted in the box body 51;
install mounting panel 514 in the box 51, the mounting panel 514 top is equipped with socket 5141, radiator fan 53 bottom is equipped with the plug 532 that corresponds with socket 5141, radiator fan 53 can dismantle with mounting panel 514 and be connected, radiator fan 53 installs and lies in flip 522 below in the mounting panel 514 top.
As shown in fig. 6 to 10, the box body 51 is a U-shaped structure, two T-shaped grooves 511 are symmetrically formed in a side wall of the box body on one side of the opening, a first rectangular groove 512 is formed in the top of the box body 51, the plug-in cover 521 is an L-shaped structure and includes a first fixing plate 5214 and a second fixing plate 5215, the second fixing plate 5215 is perpendicular to the first fixing plate 5214, the flip cover 522 is hinged to one end of the second fixing plate 5215, the size of the first rectangular groove 512 is the same as that of the second fixing plate 5215 and the flip cover 522, the second fixing plate 5215 and the flip cover 522 are installed in the first rectangular groove 512, a T-shaped slider 5213 corresponding to the T-shaped groove 511 extends from an inner wall of the first fixing plate 5214, and the first fixing plate 5214 is inserted into the T;
a first threaded hole and a second threaded hole are formed in the outer wall of the first fixing plate 5214, the first threaded hole is formed in the position, close to the top, of the first fixing plate 5214, the first threaded hole penetrates through the second fixing plate 5215, a third threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the hinged end of the flip cover 522 and the second fixing plate 5215, a first fixing bolt 5211 is installed in the first threaded hole and the third threaded hole, the first fixing bolt 5211 penetrates through the second fixing plate 5215, the first fixing plate 5214 and the flip cover 522, and the flip cover 522 and the plug cover 521 are fixed by the first fixing bolt 5211;
the second threaded hole is formed in the first fixing plate 5214 near the bottom, the second threaded hole penetrates through the T-shaped sliding block 5213, a fourth threaded hole corresponding to the second threaded hole is formed in the T-shaped groove 511 of the box body 51, a second fixing bolt 5212 is installed in the second threaded hole and the fourth threaded hole, and the plug cover 521 is fixed on the box body 51 by the second fixing bolt 5212;
the box 51 top still is equipped with second rectangular channel 513, second rectangular channel 513 is located first rectangular channel 512 below, communicates with each other with first rectangular channel 512, second rectangular channel 513 size and radiator fan 53 size are corresponding, radiator fan 53 installs in second rectangular channel 513, radiator fan 53 is located flip 522's below, mounting panel 514 is installed in second rectangular channel 513 below, the laminating of mounting panel 514 top and second rectangular channel 513 bottom, socket 5141 is pegged graft with plug 532.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method based on the variable frequency control system of the centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter 2 to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter 2, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating; target speed N during compression and evacuation1、N3I.e. the compressor speed n required by the process at this stage1、n3I.e. N1= n1, N3= n3Target speed N of adsorption and purge stages2、N4Than the stageMaximum rotation speed n allowed by the art2、n4Slightly lower, i.e. N2<n2，N4<n4；
S3, starting an overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter 2, and setting an overvoltage suppression point to be higher than a bus voltage value in normal work and lower than a bus overvoltage protection action value;
and S4, when the frequency converter 2 decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter 2 to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the overvoltage suppression point is reached, the frequency converter 2 can automatically adjust the deceleration braking torque, so that the energy flowing to the frequency converter is prevented from being excessive, and the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method based on the variable frequency control system of the centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA, wherein the deceleration control unit is an energy consumption brake unit, comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter 2 to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter 2, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating; target speed N during compression and evacuation1、N3I.e. the compressor speed n required by the process at this stage1、n3I.e. N1= n1, N3= n3(ii) a Target speed N in adsorption and purging stages2、N4The maximum rotation speed n allowed by the process in the stage2、n4Slightly lower, i.e. N2<n2，N4<n4；
S3, closing the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter 2 and setting the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit 5;
and S4, when the frequency converter 2 decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter 2 to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the voltage reaches the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit 5, the dynamic braking unit 5 is connected with the braking resistor to release the voltage on the bus.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method of the variable frequency control system based on the centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA, in which the deceleration control unit is an energy feedback unit, includes the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter 2 to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter 2, setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating; target speed N during compression and evacuation1、N3I.e. the compressor speed n required by the process at this stage1、n3I.e. N1= n1, N3= n3. Target speed N in adsorption and purging stages2、N4The maximum rotation speed n allowed by the process in the stage2、n4Slightly lower, i.e. N2<n2，N4<n4；
S3, turning off the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter 2, and setting the action voltage of the energy feedback unit 6;
and S4, when the frequency converter 2 decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter 2 to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the energy reaches the action voltage of the energy feedback unit 6, the energy feedback unit 6 starts to work to invert the bus voltage into alternating-current voltage on the power supply 1 side, so that the energy is fed back to the power grid.
During the speed reduction process of the frequency converter 2, a part of kinetic energy of the rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter 2, wherein most of the kinetic energy flows back to a power grid through the energy feedback unit 6, and a small part of the kinetic energy flows up the direct-current bus voltage and is stored on a direct-current capacitor of the frequency converter 2.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the control system comprises a frequency converter and an output filter; depending on the specific implementation, an optional dynamic braking unit, or an optional energy feedback unit may be included.
The frequency converter is used for controlling the rotating speed of the motor and comprises a frequency converter control body and a direct current reactor or an input reactor.
The output filter is used for inhibiting output current harmonic waves, reducing motor heating and improving the electromagnetic compatibility characteristic of the system, and can be an L or LC filter or the like, and can be not used.
The dynamic braking unit belongs to an optional element and is used for consuming the kinetic energy of a rotor in a deceleration stage, accelerating the response speed of the rotating speed and preventing the overvoltage of a bus of the frequency converter in a dynamic braking implementation mode;
the dynamic braking unit comprises a dynamic braking control body and a braking resistor.
The energy feedback unit belongs to an optional element and is used for recovering the kinetic energy of the rotor to the power grid during deceleration in an energy feedback realization mode, accelerating the response speed of the rotating speed, preventing the overvoltage of the bus and improving the efficiency of the system;
the energy feedback unit comprises an energy feedback control body and a feedback coupling reactor.
The frequency conversion control subsystem and the scheme have three specific implementation modes, and each mode has different selected elements and control methods. In the following description, the same parts of the three implementation modes are uniformly described, and the different parts are distinguished according to the mode one, the mode two and the mode three.
After the system is started, the frequency converter is in a continuous working state and always works in a speed control mode.
The acceleration time and the deceleration time of the frequency converter can be respectively and independently set according to the speed response requirement of the process, and the acceleration time and the deceleration time of the frequency converter can be dynamically adjusted in a communication mode, so that the acceleration time of the compression stage and the acceleration time of the vacuum pumping stage are different, and the deceleration time of the adsorption stage and the deceleration time of the purging stage are different.
Setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating; target speed N during compression and evacuation1、N3I.e. the compressor speed n required by the process at this stage1、n3I.e. N1= n1, N3= n3(ii) a Target speed N in adsorption and purging stages2、N4The maximum rotation speed n allowed by the process in the stage2、n4Slightly lower, i.e. N2<n2，N4<n4；
The target speed of each stage is obtained by the pressure value required by the process and the characteristics of the compressor. The speed can be given by a communication terminal and an analog quantity terminal through a superior PLC, and can also be realized by utilizing the function of a multi-stage speed PLC built in a frequency converter.
The first method is as follows: overvoltage suppression control mode
As shown in FIG. 1, the system comprises a frequency converter and an output filter, wherein the power supply is connected with the input end of the frequency converter, and the output end of the frequency converter is connected with the high-speed motor (provided with the output filter) through the output filter or directly connected with the high-speed motor (not provided with the output filter).
And starting an overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting an overvoltage suppression point to be higher than a bus voltage value in normal work and lower than a bus overvoltage protection action value.
When the frequency converter decelerates, the motor work 1 works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the overvoltage suppression point is reached, the frequency converter can automatically adjust deceleration braking torque, so that the energy flowing to the frequency converter is prevented from being excessive, and the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
The capacity of the electrolytic capacitor of the direct current bus of the frequency converter is set as C, and the bus voltage is U during normal operation1When the speed is reduced, the bus voltage rises to U2And in the speed reduction stage, one part of kinetic energy of the rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter to be stored in the direct-current bus capacitor, and the value is as follows:
；
the recovery of this part of energy provides on the one hand a braking torque to the compressor, making it decelerate faster, and on the other hand can be used when accelerating in the next stage, reducing the energy waste and improving the efficiency of the system. The overvoltage suppression value is set to be as high as possible under the condition that the bus is not excessively stressed, so that more energy can be recovered, and the overall efficiency is improved.
The second method comprises the following steps: dynamic braking mode
As shown in FIG. 2, the system comprises a frequency converter, an output filter, and an energy consumption braking unit, wherein the power supply is connected with the input end of the frequency converter, the output end of the frequency converter is connected with the high-speed motor (provided with the output filter) through the output filter, or is directly connected with the high-speed motor (not provided with the output filter), and the energy consumption braking unit is connected with the positive and negative terminals of the direct-current bus of the frequency converter.
And closing the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit to be higher than the bus voltage value during normal work and lower than the bus overvoltage protection action value.
When the frequency converter decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the voltage of the bus to rise, and after the voltage of the dynamic braking unit reaches the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit, the dynamic braking unit is connected with the braking resistor to release the voltage on the bus, so that the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
The capacity of the electrolytic capacitor of the direct current bus of the frequency converter is set as C, and the bus voltage is U during normal operation1The dynamic braking unit has an action voltage of U3And in the speed reduction stage, one part of kinetic energy of the rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter, one part of the kinetic energy is consumed by the energy consumption unit, one part of the kinetic energy is stored in the direct current bus capacitor, and the value is as follows:
；
the recovery of this partial energy provides braking torque to the compressor on the one hand, makes its speed reduction faster, and on the other hand can be used when next stage accelerates, has reduced the energy waste, has improved the efficiency of system, and dynamic braking unit set voltage will be as high as possible under the circumstances of guaranteeing that the generating line is not overstress to the energy is retrieved more, improves whole efficiency.
The energy consumption braking unit can consume the backflow energy in the deceleration stage on the resistor, so that the deceleration braking torque of the frequency converter is not limited by the bus voltage, the deceleration response speed can be greatly improved, and the technical process is facilitated.
The third method comprises the following steps: energy feedback mode
As shown in fig. 3, the system comprises a frequency converter, an output filter, and an energy feedback unit, wherein the power supply is connected to the input end of the frequency converter, the output end of the frequency converter is connected to the high-speed motor (with the output filter) through the output filter, or is directly connected to the high-speed motor (without the output filter), and the energy braking unit is connected between the positive and negative terminals of the dc bus of the frequency converter and the input power supply.
And closing the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter, and setting the action voltage of the energy feedback unit to be higher than the bus voltage value in normal work and lower than the bus overvoltage protection action value.
When the frequency converter decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter to enable the bus voltage to rise, after the action voltage of the energy feedback unit is reached, the energy feedback unit starts to work and inverts the bus voltage into alternating voltage on the power supply side, so that the energy is fed back to the power grid, and the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
During the deceleration process, a part of kinetic energy of the rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter, wherein most of the kinetic energy flows back to a power grid through the energy feedback unit, and a small part of the kinetic energy is stored on a direct-current capacitor of the frequency converter by increasing the voltage of a direct-current bus. The two parts of energy belong to recovered energy, so that the system efficiency can be greatly improved.
The energy feedback unit can feed back the backflow energy in the deceleration stage to the power grid, so that the deceleration braking torque of the frequency converter is not limited by the bus voltage, and the speed can be reduced according to the deceleration time set by the frequency converter, thereby greatly improving the deceleration response speed and optimizing the process. If the setting of the speed reduction time of the frequency converter is smaller, the speed reduction of the high-speed motor direct-drive compressor is faster, and the rotor kinetic energy consumed on gas through the impeller is less, so that more rotor kinetic energy can be recycled, the overall efficiency of the system is improved, but the speed reduction process needs to be within the mechanical strength bearing range of the impeller and the motor rotor.
By applying the control system and the control method thereof to control the centrifugal compressor pump, the speed switching of the compressor is more stable, the response is faster, the process performance is optimized, the fault shutdown probability of the frequency converter is reduced, the system reliability is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
The implementation process is described by taking the three-energy feedback method as an example.
As shown in fig. 3, the control system comprises a three-phase frequency converter, an output filter, and an energy feedback unit; the input of the frequency converter is connected with a power supply, the output of the frequency converter is connected with a motor through a filter, the input of the energy feedback unit is connected with the positive and negative terminals of a direct-current bus of the frequency converter, and the output of the energy feedback unit is connected with a three-phase power supply through an internal (or external) coupling grid-connected coupling reactor.
Setting a frequency converter to work in a speed control mode, adopting a continuous working mode, and not stopping the frequency converter after starting unless the process is stopped; the control mode with the encoder or the sensorless control mode can be selected according to the actual selection.
The acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter is set independently after being tested according to the process requirements; the acceleration and deceleration curve can be started in a straight line or in an S curve according to the process requirements.
The overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter is turned off, and the action voltage of the energy feedback unit is set to be higher than the normal working bus voltage of the frequency converter and lower than the bus overvoltage protection fixed value; in order to increase the recovery rotor energy, the deceleration time is set as small as possible while ensuring the mechanical strength of the mechanical compressor.
As shown in FIG. 4, the frequency converter gives a speed curve, and target speeds N are obtained in the stages of VPSA compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging according to the process requirements1、N2、N3、N4Respectively having a duration of T1，T2，T3，T4. The upper PLC modifies the target speed of the frequency converter to be N at the starting moment through an AI terminal or communication1(ii) a Elapsed time T1After that, the speed of the frequency converter is modified to be N2(ii) a Elapsed time T2Post-modification of the speed of the frequency converter to N3(ii) a Elapsed time T3Post-modification frequency converter target speed is N4(ii) a Elapsed time T4Then the target speed of the frequency converter is modified to be N again1Continuously circulating in the way; the same rotating speed setting effect can be achieved through the simple PLC built in the frequency converter and the multi-speed function.
The system can quickly accelerate and decelerate according to a given speed curve after the frequency converter is started, the technical process is realized, meanwhile, due to the existence of the energy feedback unit, the speed response is quick in the deceleration stage, the frequency converter cannot generate overvoltage, the kinetic energy of the rotor can be changed into electric energy through the frequency converter, a small part of the electric energy is stored in a capacitor with the raised voltage, and a large part of the electric energy is fed back to a power grid through the energy feedback unit.
As shown in fig. 5, the waveform is measured by energy feedback, and it can be seen that the actual rotation speed can well track the given rotation speed in the acceleration and constant speed stages, and during deceleration, the rotation speed can be reduced below the given speed before acceleration. Meanwhile, during the deceleration, the power measured by the power meter arranged on the side of the power supply is negative, which indicates that energy is recovered to the power grid, and the efficiency is improved.
The structure of the speed reduction control unit box body is as follows:
the fan and the box body 51 are detachably mounted, the T-shaped slider 5213 of the box cover 52 is inserted into the T-shaped groove 511 of the box body 51, the first fixing bolt 5211 penetrates through the second fixing plate 5215 and the flip cover 522, the flip cover 522 is provided with a threaded hole and is connected with the threaded hole through the first fixing bolt 5211 to fix the flip cover 522 on the second fixing plate 5215, the second fixing bolt 5212 penetrates through the first fixing plate 5214 and the T-shaped slider 5213 and is connected with the threaded hole in the T-shaped groove 511 of the box body 51, the box cover 52 is integrally fixed on the box body 51 through the second fixing bolt 5212, and as the flip cover 522 is hinged to the second fixing plate 5215, when the first fixing bolt 5211 penetrates through the second fixing plate 5215 and is connected with the flip cover 522, the flip cover 522 is fixed;
the heat dissipation fan 53 is embedded into the second rectangular groove 513, when the heat dissipation fan needs to be detached and cleaned, the first fixing bolt 5211 is loosened, the flip 522 can be turned over, the first handle 5221 is arranged on the flip 522, the flip 522 is turned up by holding the first handle 5221, the two second handles 531 are arranged on the heat dissipation fan 53, the heat dissipation fan 53 is taken out by holding the two second handles 531, and the plug 532 is separated from the socket 5141 and is installed during use.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A frequency conversion control system of a centrifugal compression pump for VPSA comprises a power supply (1), a compressor motor (4) and a frequency conversion control subsystem for controlling the compressor motor (4); the method is characterized in that: the frequency conversion control subsystem comprises a frequency converter (2) and an output filter (3);
one end of the frequency converter (2) is connected with the power supply (1), the other end of the frequency converter is connected with one end of the output filter (3), and the other end of the output filter (3) is connected with the compressor motor (4);
the frequency converter (2) is also connected with a deceleration control unit;
the speed reduction control unit comprises a box body (51), a heat radiation fan (53) which is detachably arranged in the box body (51), and a box cover (52) which is fixed on the box body (51);
the box body (51) is provided with a T-shaped groove (511), the box cover (52) comprises an inserting cover (521) and a turnover cover (522) hinged with the inserting cover (521), the inserting cover (521) is provided with a T-shaped sliding block (5213) corresponding to the box body (51), and the inserting cover (521) is inserted into the box body (51);
install mounting panel (514) in box (51), mounting panel (514) top is equipped with socket (5141), radiator fan (53) bottom is equipped with plug (532) that correspond with socket (5141), radiator fan (53) can be dismantled with mounting panel (514) and be connected, radiator fan (53) are installed and are located flip (522) below in mounting panel (514) top.
2. The variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA according to claim 1, wherein: the speed reduction control unit is an energy consumption braking unit (5), and the energy consumption braking unit (5) is connected with the frequency converter (2).
3. The variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA according to claim 1, wherein: the speed reduction control unit is an energy feedback unit (6), and the energy feedback unit (6) is connected with the frequency converter (2).
4. The variable frequency control system of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA according to claim 1, wherein: the box body (51) is of a U-shaped structure, two T-shaped grooves (511) are symmetrically formed in the side wall of one side provided with an opening, a first rectangular groove (512) is formed in the top of the box body (51), the plug-in cover (521) is of an L-shaped structure and comprises a first fixing plate (5214) and a second fixing plate (5215), the second fixing plate (5215) is perpendicular to the first fixing plate (5214), the flip cover (522) is hinged to one end of the second fixing plate (5215), the size of the first rectangular groove (512) is the same as that of the second fixing plate (5215) and that of the flip cover (522), the second fixing plate (5215) and the flip cover (522) are installed in the first rectangular groove (512), T-shaped sliders (5213) corresponding to the T-shaped grooves (511) extend out of the inner wall of the first fixing plate (5214), and the first fixing plate (5214) is plugged in the T-shaped;
a first threaded hole and a second threaded hole are formed in the outer wall of the first fixing plate (5214), the first threaded hole is formed in the position, close to the top, of the first fixing plate (5214), the first threaded hole penetrates through the second fixing plate (5215), a third threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the hinged end of the flip cover (522) and the second fixing plate (5215), a first fixing bolt (5211) is installed in the first threaded hole and the third threaded hole, the first fixing bolt (5211) penetrates through the first fixing plate (5214), the second fixing plate (5215) and the flip cover (522), and the flip cover (522) and the inserting cover (521) are fixed through the first fixing bolt (5211);
the second threaded hole is formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the first fixing plate (5214), penetrates through the T-shaped sliding block (5213), a fourth threaded hole corresponding to the second threaded hole is formed in the T-shaped groove (511) of the box body (51), a second fixing bolt (5212) is installed in the second threaded hole and the fourth threaded hole, and the inserting cover (521) is fixed on the box body (51) through the second fixing bolt (5212);
box (51) top still is equipped with second rectangular channel (513), second rectangular channel (513) are located first rectangular channel (512) below, communicate with each other with first rectangular channel (512), second rectangular channel (513) size is corresponding with radiator fan (53) size, radiator fan (53) are installed in second rectangular channel (513), radiator fan (53) are located flip (522)'s below, install in second rectangular channel (513) below mounting panel (514), laminating bottom mounting panel (514) top and second rectangular channel (513), socket (5141) are pegged graft with plug (532).
5. The method of claim 1 for controlling the variable frequency of a centrifugal compressor pump for VPSA, comprising the steps of:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter (2) to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter (2), setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, starting an overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter (2), and setting an overvoltage suppression point to be higher than a bus voltage value in normal work and lower than a bus overvoltage protection action value;
s4, when the frequency converter (2) decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter (2) to enable the bus voltage to rise, after the overvoltage suppression point is reached, the frequency converter (2) can automatically adjust the deceleration braking torque, the energy flowing to the frequency converter is prevented from being excessive, and the frequency converter is prevented from overvoltage fault shutdown.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the deceleration control unit is an energy-consuming brake unit, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter (2) to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter (2), setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, turning off the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter (2), and setting the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit (5);
and S4, when the frequency converter (2) decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter (2) to enable the voltage of the bus to rise, and after the voltage reaches the action voltage of the dynamic braking unit (5), the dynamic braking unit (5) is switched on to brake the resistor to discharge the voltage on the bus.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the deceleration control unit is an energy feedback unit, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a system to enable the frequency converter (2) to be in a continuous speed control working state;
s2, setting the acceleration and deceleration time of the frequency converter (2), setting four different target speeds according to four stages of compression, adsorption, evacuation and purging, and continuously circulating;
s3, turning off the overvoltage suppression function of the frequency converter (2), and setting the action voltage of the energy feedback unit (6);
and S4, when the frequency converter (2) decelerates, the motor works in an electric state, the energy reversely flows back to the frequency converter (2) to enable the bus voltage to rise, and after the energy reaches the action voltage of the energy feedback unit (6), the energy feedback unit (6) starts to work to invert the bus voltage into alternating-current voltage on the power supply (1) side, so that the energy is fed back to the power grid.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the speed reduction process of the frequency converter (2) is as follows, a part of kinetic energy of a rotor of the compressor is converted into electric energy and flows back to the frequency converter (2), wherein most of the kinetic energy flows back to a power grid through the energy feedback unit (6), and a small part of the kinetic energy flows up a direct current bus voltage and is stored on a direct current capacitor of the frequency converter (2).
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