CN111560252A - Method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111560252A CN111560252A CN202010384209.8A CN202010384209A CN111560252A CN 111560252 A CN111560252 A CN 111560252A CN 202010384209 A CN202010384209 A CN 202010384209A CN 111560252 A CN111560252 A CN 111560252A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry environmental protection, and relates to a method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil, which is designed by compounding anion sulfonate prepared from distillate oil of naphthenic crude oil at 400-480 ℃, long-chain tertiary amine, n-butyl alcohol and n-heptane to construct CO2/N2Switching on and off the microemulsion, then mixing with the oil polluted soil, standing, filtering, separating out the soil and liquid, and reducing the content of naphthenic base crude oil in the soil to below 1.0 wt%; introducing CO into the liquid2Demulsifying, standing and layering to separate naphthenic base crude oil from water phase, and performing ion exchange and adsorption conventional treatment on residual water phase to directly discharge the residual water phase to the environmental standard. The invention aims at the soil polluted by high-concentration naphthenic crude oil of a specific genus, can realize the high-efficiency separation of three phases of soil, water and naphthenic crude oil, and has remarkable environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry and environmental protection, and relates to a method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil.
Background
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, the problem of petroleum pollution is just a global problem, especially the problem of petroleum-polluted soil, which is becoming more serious as the production of petroleum is larger and larger, and thus the problem of petroleum-polluted soil is a serious threat to both the ecological environment and the personal safety. The petroleum polluted soil has the characteristics of complex system, wide range, difficult treatment, long period, great harm and the like.
The cleaning method of the petroleum-polluted soil comprises a solvent extraction method, a leaching method, a thermochemical cleaning method and the like. Wherein, most of petroleum polluted soil has the phenomena that petroleum and soil are closely adsorbed and combined, the state is stable, and the petroleum and the soil are difficult to separate.
Chinese patent 200910113612.0 discloses a method for recovering sandy oil-containing sludge, which comprises mixing an extraction solvent and sandy oil-containing sludge in an oil field at 10-80 deg.C in a volume ratio of 0.5: 1-10: 1, dissolving oil in the extraction solvent to form a three-layer separation state, separating an extraction solvent layer, a water layer and a sand layer, and distilling the separated extraction solvent layer under normal pressure or reduced pressure to obtain oil and the extraction solvent. The invention can effectively extract and recover crude oil in oily sludge, the oil content of the separated silt reaches the national stacking standard, the solvent can be recovered and recycled, the washing water can be oilfield sewage, and the washing water can be recycled after electro-flotation treatment without causing secondary pollution. But the technology has high energy consumption, complex treatment process and high water consumption.
Chinese patent 201610055479.8 discloses an oil washing method for viscoelastic oily sludge, which comprises the following steps: 1) freezing and crushing the viscoelastic oily sludge sample to obtain a crushed sample; 2) and carrying out solvent ultrasonic extraction on the crushed sample, and collecting a solid phase to obtain the sludge without oil. And in the step of freezing and crushing, the viscoelastic oily sludge sample is leached and soaked by liquid nitrogen, and immediately ground and crushed after the liquid nitrogen is volatilized. And the solvent ultrasonic extraction is to add the crushed sample into an organic solvent and perform ultrasonic extraction under the condition of water bath. Although the invention can realize the thorough washing of the oil phase components, the processes of freezing, crushing, ultrasonic treatment and the like are needed, the energy consumption is higher, the treatment efficiency is low, and the large-scale application is difficult.
Chinese patent 201911297790.3 discloses a harmless treatment method and system for fluid oily sludge, which comprises the following steps: removing impurities in the fluid oil sludge to be treated; adding a washing oil agent for chemical cleaning, simultaneously performing air flotation oil removal, and adding a coagulant into the deoiled material for flocculation and sedimentation; carrying out solid-liquid separation, and carrying out water-oil separation on the liquid phase after the solid-liquid separation; and carrying out thermal desorption treatment on the separated solid phase. The method is suitable for tank bottom oil sludge, oil-based mud and other fluid oil sludge, the solid-phase oil content after treatment is less than 0.3%, and the environmental pollution can be reduced. However, the method can only carry out harmless treatment on the fluid oily sludge and is not suitable for treating the soil polluted by the crude oil.
The existing cleaning method for the crude oil polluted soil has the disadvantages of complex treatment process, low efficiency, high cost and difficult large-scale application. In addition, there is a lack of targeted cleaning treatment protocols for soil contaminated with specific genus crude oils.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil, which adopts the design of compounding anion sulfonate, long-chain tertiary amine, n-butanol and n-heptane to construct CO2/N2A switching microemulsion of the CO2/N2The switch type microemulsion and the high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil are stirred and mixed according to a certain proportion, stand and filtered to separate out soil and liquid, and the content of naphthenic crude oil in the soil is reduced to be less than 1.0 wt%; introducing CO into the liquid2Demulsifying, standing and layering to separate naphthenic base crude oil from water phase, and performing ion exchange and adsorption conventional treatment on residual water phase to directly discharge the residual water phase to the environmental standard.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil comprises the following specific steps:
weighing high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil and CO2/N2Mixing the switch type micro-emulsions, slightly stirring at 25 +/-0.1 ℃, standing for 1-4 hours, filtering and separating out soil and liquid, and reducing the content of naphthenic base crude oil in the soil to below 1.0 wt%; introducing CO into the liquid at a rate of 20ml/min at 25 + -0.1 deg.C2Shaking for 15min to perform emulsion breaking, standing for layering, separating naphthenic base crude oil from water phase, and subjecting residual water phase to ion exchange and adsorptionCan reach the standard of directly discharging to the environment after being treated in a regular way.
The content of naphthenic base crude oil in the high-concentration naphthenic base crude oil polluted soil is more than or equal to 20 wt%.
The high-concentration naphthenic crude oil pollutes the soil and CO2/N2The switching microemulsion was dosed at 10 g: 40mL of the mixture was added.
The CO is2/N2The switching type microemulsion is [ anionic sulfonate-long chain tertiary amine-n-butyl alcohol]The (E) -n-heptane-water system microemulsion is prepared by compounding anion sulfonate, long-chain tertiary amine, n-butanol and n-heptane according to the mass ratio, wherein the content of each component (wt%) comprises 13.0% of anion sulfonate, 8.0% of long-chain tertiary amine, 6.5% of n-butanol, 28.0% of n-heptane and 44.5% of water, and the clear and transparent [ anion sulfonate-long-chain tertiary amine-n-butanol-n-heptane-n-butanol-n-]-n-heptane-water based microemulsion.
The long-chain tertiary amine is octadecyl amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine (C)18AMPM), also known as amidopropyl dimethyl tertiary amine stearate.
The anion sulfonate is prepared by adopting fuming sulfuric acid as a sulfonating agent to distillate oil at 400-480 ℃ of naphthenic base crude oil, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps: using naphthenic base crude oil distillate oil of 400-480 ℃ as raw oil, adding 1, 2-dichloroethane as a solvent into the raw oil according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring until the system reaches a constant temperature, adding 20% fuming sulfuric acid at the speed of 57 seconds per drop by using a constant pressure dropping funnel, wherein the addition amount of the fuming sulfuric acid is 2-5 times of the volume of the raw oil, and reacting for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 35-65 ℃; after the reaction is finished, dropwise adding a proper amount of ammonia water at 25 +/-0.1 ℃ to neutralize until the pH value is 7-8, separating a water layer and a 1, 2-dichloroethane layer by using a separating funnel, and distilling the 1, 2-dichloroethane layer under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain the anionic sulfonate.
According to the invention, the distillate oil at 400-480 ℃ of naphthenic base crude oil is subjected to anionic sulfonate prepared by adopting fuming sulfuric acid as a sulfonating agent as a surfactant, long-chain tertiary amine as a compound agent, n-butyl alcohol as an auxiliary agent and n-heptane as an oil phase to be compounded to prepare CO2/N2Switching microemulsion with high concentration naphthenic crude oil contaminated soilMixing according to a certain proportion; the washed oil soil is extracted by dichloromethane, and the oil content before and after washing is calculated by a gravimetric method.
CO according to the invention2/N2The switch type microemulsion has extremely strong naphthenic base crude oil elution capacity, can quickly realize the transfer of naphthenic base crude oil from soil to a liquid phase at 25 ℃ under slight stirring, can separate the soil from the liquid phase through filtration, and measures that the naphthenic base crude oil content in the treated soil is lower than 1.0 percent; the liquid phase separated by filtration is a microemulsion system, and CO is introduced into the microemulsion system2Triggering long-chain tertiary amine to be converted into tertiary amine bicarbonate cation surface activity, destroying a microemulsion system structure, realizing rapid separation of a water phase and an oil phase, separating naphthenic base crude oil from the water phase after standing and layering, and directly discharging the residual water phase to the environmental standard after conventional treatment of ion exchange and adsorption.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages and progresses:
the cleaning method for the high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil provided by the invention has the advantages of simple treatment process, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost and easiness in popularization and application; aiming at the soil polluted by the high-concentration naphthenic crude oil of a specific genus, the method can realize the high-efficiency separation of three phases of soil, water and naphthenic crude oil, and has remarkable environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of examples.
Example 1
The high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil sample is from a Clamayi oil field in Xinjiang, and the petroleum polluted soil has poor fluidity, black brown color, higher density than water and petroleum smell. The water content of the petroleum polluted soil is 5% and the content of the naphthenic base crude oil is 30% by experiment.
(1) Preparation of anionic sulfonate: naphthenic base crude oil distillate oil of 400-480 ℃ is used as raw oil, and the volume ratio is 1:1, mixing raw oil and a solvent 1, 2-dichloroethane, stirring until the system reaches a constant temperature, controlling the speed of 57 seconds per drop by using a constant-pressure dropping funnel, and adding 20% of fuming sulfuric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the added fuming sulfuric acid to the raw oil is 3: 1, reacting for 2 hours at 45 ℃, after the reaction is finished, dropwise adding a proper amount of ammonia water at 25 +/-0.1 ℃ to neutralize until the pH value is 7-8, separating a water layer and a 1, 2-dichloroethane layer by using a separating funnel, and distilling the 1, 2-dichloroethane layer under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain anionic sulfonate;
(2)CO2/N2preparation of the switching microemulsion: mixing the above anionic sulfonate with a long-chain tertiary amine (C)18AMPM), n-butanol and n-heptane are uniformly mixed in an aqueous solution and compounded to obtain the compound, wherein according to the mass fraction, the anionic sulfonate is 13.0 percent, the long-chain tertiary amine is 8.0 percent, the n-butanol is 6.5 percent, the n-heptane is 28.0 percent, and the water is 44.5 percent;
(3) weighing 10g of high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil sample, adding the sample into a beaker, and adding prepared CO2/N2Pouring 40mL of switch-type microemulsion into a beaker for mixing, slightly stirring at 25 +/-0.1 ℃, standing for 2 hours, and filtering to separate out soil and liquid; extracting the washed oil soil by using dichloromethane, and measuring the oil content of the dried soil to be 1.0 percent; introducing CO into the liquid at the speed of 20mL/min under the condition of 25 +/-0.1 DEG C2And (3) oscillating for 15min to demulsify, standing for layering, separating naphthenic base oil from a water phase, and performing ion exchange and adsorption conventional treatment on the residual water phase to enable the residual water phase to be directly discharged to the environmental standard.
Example 2
Samples of land-based petroleum contaminated soil were obtained from Liaohe oil field. The petroleum-polluted soil has poor fluidity, black brown color, density higher than that of water and petroleum smell. The water content of the petroleum polluted soil is 6% and the oil content (naphthenic base crude oil content) is 26% by experiment.
(1) Naphthenic base crude oil distillate oil of 400-480 ℃ is used as raw oil, and the volume ratio is 1:1, mixing raw oil and a solvent 1, 2-dichloroethane, stirring until the system reaches a constant temperature, adding 20% fuming sulfuric acid at a speed of 57 seconds per drop by using a constant-pressure dropping funnel, controlling the volume ratio of the fuming sulfuric acid to the raw oil to be 4:1, reacting for 3 hours at 50 ℃, after the reaction is finished, dropwise adding a proper amount of ammonia water at 25 +/-0.1 ℃ to neutralize until the pH value is 7-8, separating a water layer and a 1, 2-dichloroethane layer by using the dropping funnel, and distilling the 1, 2-dichloroethane layer under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to prepare anionic sulfonate;
(2)CO2/N2preparation of the switching microemulsion: mixing the above anionic sulfonate with a long-chain tertiary amine (C)18AMPM), n-butanol and n-heptane are uniformly mixed in an aqueous solution and compounded to obtain the compound, wherein according to the mass fraction, the anionic sulfonate is 13.0 percent, the long-chain tertiary amine is 8.0 percent, the n-butanol is 6.5 percent, the n-heptane is 28.0 percent, and the water is 44.5 percent;
(3) weighing 10g of ground crude oil contaminated soil sample, adding the ground crude oil contaminated soil sample into a beaker, and adding prepared CO2/N2Pouring 40mL of switch-type microemulsion into a beaker for mixing, slightly stirring at 25 +/-0.1 ℃, standing for 2 hours, and filtering to separate out soil and liquid; extracting the washed oil soil by using dichloromethane, and measuring the oil content of the dried soil to be 0.9%; introducing CO into the liquid at the speed of 20mL/min under the condition of 25 +/-0.1 DEG C2And (3) oscillating for 15min to demulsify, standing for layering, separating naphthenic base oil from a water phase, and performing ion exchange and adsorption conventional treatment on the residual water phase to enable the residual water phase to be directly discharged to the environmental standard.
Claims (8)
1. CO (carbon monoxide)2/N2A microemulsion of the switch type, characterized in that said CO2/N2The switching type microemulsion is [ anionic sulfonate-long chain tertiary amine-n-butyl alcohol]-n-heptane-water based microemulsion; is prepared by compounding anion sulfonate, long-chain tertiary amine, n-butyl alcohol and n-heptane;
the anionic sulfonate is prepared by using fuming sulfuric acid as a sulfonating agent for distillate oil of naphthenic base crude oil at 400-480 ℃;
the long-chain tertiary amine is octadecyl acid amidopropyl-N, N-dimethyl tertiary amine.
2. CO according to claim 12/N2The switching type microemulsion is characterized in that according to the mass fraction, the anionic sulfonate is 13.0 percent, the long-chain tertiary amine is 8.0 percent, the n-butanol is 6.5 percent, the n-heptane is 28.0 percent, and the water is 44.5 percent.
3. CO according to claim 12/N2The switch type microemulsion is characterized in that the specific preparation process of the anionic sulfonate is as follows: using naphthenic base crude oil distillate oil of 400-480 ℃ as raw oil, adding 1, 2-dichloroethane as a solvent into the raw oil according to the volume ratio of 1:1, stirring until the system reaches a constant temperature, adding 20% fuming sulfuric acid by mass percent at the speed of 57 seconds per drop by using a constant pressure dropping funnel, and reacting for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 35-65 ℃; after the reaction is finished, dropwise adding a proper amount of ammonia water at 25 +/-0.1 ℃ to neutralize until the pH value is 7-8, separating a water layer and a 1, 2-dichloroethane layer by using a separating funnel, and distilling the 1, 2-dichloroethane layer under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain the anionic sulfonate.
4. CO according to claim 32/N2The switch type microemulsion is characterized in that the addition amount of the fuming sulfuric acid is 2-5 times of the volume of the raw oil.
5. A method for cleaning high-concentration naphthenic crude oil polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
weighing high-concentration naphthenic crude oil contaminated soil and CO according to any one of claims 1 to 42/N2Mixing the switch type micro-emulsions, slightly stirring at 25 +/-0.1 ℃, standing for 1-4 hours, filtering and separating out soil and liquid, and reducing the content of naphthenic base crude oil in the soil to below 1.0 wt%; introducing CO into the liquid at a rate of 20ml/min at 25 + -0.1 deg.C2And (3) oscillating for 15min to demulsify, standing for layering, separating naphthenic base oil from a water phase, and performing ion exchange and adsorption conventional treatment on the residual water phase to enable the residual water phase to be directly discharged to the environmental standard.
6. The method for cleaning soil polluted by high-concentration naphthenic crude oil as claimed in claim 5, wherein the content of naphthenic crude oil in the soil polluted by the high-concentration naphthenic crude oil is more than or equal to 20 wt%.
7. Root of herbaceous plantThe method for cleaning soil polluted by high-concentration naphthenic crude oil according to claim 5, wherein the high-concentration naphthenic crude oil is polluted by the soil and CO2/N2The switching microemulsion was dosed at 10 g: 40mL of the mixture was added.
8. The method for cleaning soil contaminated by naphthenic crude oil with high concentration according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the content of naphthenic crude oil in the treated soil is less than 1.0% by weight of the oil content before and after cleaning, which is determined by extracting the cleaned oil soil with dichloromethane.
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Cited By (2)
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