CN111549224B - Method for improving quality of AlV55 alloy finished product - Google Patents

Method for improving quality of AlV55 alloy finished product Download PDF

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CN111549224B
CN111549224B CN202010522570.2A CN202010522570A CN111549224B CN 111549224 B CN111549224 B CN 111549224B CN 202010522570 A CN202010522570 A CN 202010522570A CN 111549224 B CN111549224 B CN 111549224B
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reactor
inert gas
finished product
quality
improving
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CN111549224A (en
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陈海军
尹丹凤
余彬
叶明峰
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Pangang Group Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22Obtaining vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • C22C27/025Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum alloys based on vanadium

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the quality of an AlV55 alloy finished product, which comprises the following steps: step 1: mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particle raw materials uniformly according to a certain proportion; step 2: pouring the mixed materials into a reactor, igniting a magnesium strip to trigger reaction, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction smelting; and step 3: introducing inert gas into the melt of the reactor to stir a molten pool; and 4, step 4: water cooling the reactor; and 5: introducing inert gas to the upper part of the melt of the reactor for purging; step 6: and after cooling, performing sand blasting and crushing treatment to obtain an AlV55 alloy finished product. The method for preparing the AlV55 alloy can improve the quality of finished products, control the vanadium content in the finished products to be 59-59.6% and improve the alloy yield to be more than 70%.

Description

Method for improving quality of AlV55 alloy finished product
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for improving the quality of an AlV55 alloy finished product.
Background
The vanadium-aluminum alloy is used as an important additive of titanium alloy, is commonly used for improving the performance of the titanium alloy, has more advantages in the aspects of strength, toughness, formability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and is an important material for manufacturing seaplanes, gliders, automobile engine systems, automobile chassis parts, golf clubs and medical devices.
With the rapid development of the economy of China and the continuous improvement of the consumption level of people, the national defense strength and the space navigation strength of China are obviously enhanced, and the titanium alloy applied to the fields of civil industry and aerospace has a great growth tendency. China mainly adopts AlV55 alloy to prepare Ti-6Al-4V alloy, so the market demand is very large, but the quality (especially the yield) of the AlV55 alloy finished product prepared by a one-step method is generally not high at present, although the unqualified product can be taken as a coolant in a melting way, the loss of the total vanadium amount is not large, but the production cost is always high.
Based on this, the prior art still remains to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving the quality of an AlV55 alloy finished product, and the method can effectively solve the problems of low quality and high cost of an AlV55 alloy finished product prepared by a one-step method.
According to the invention, the method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particle raw materials uniformly according to a certain proportion;
step 2: pouring the mixed materials into a reactor, igniting a magnesium strip to trigger reaction, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction smelting;
and step 3: introducing inert gas into the melt of the reactor to stir a molten pool;
and 4, step 4: water cooling the reactor;
and 5: introducing inert gas to the upper part of the melt of the reactor for purging;
step 6: and after cooling, performing sand blasting and crushing treatment to obtain an AlV55 alloy finished product.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 1, the weight ratio of the vanadium pentoxide to the aluminum particles is 1.12: 1-1.9: 1.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the vanadium pentoxide has a particle size of 120 mesh or less and the metallic Al has a particle size of 80 mesh or less.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step 3, inert gas is introduced into the melt in the reactor through a lance, the outside of which is coated with a refractory material, to stir the molten bath.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, inert gas is introduced for stirring the molten pool 1-2 min after smelting, and the stirring time is controlled within 20-40 s.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, the introduced inert gas is a high-pressure gas, and the pressure of the inert gas is controlled to be between 2atm and 3 atm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 4, water cooling is started 3-5 min after smelting is finished, and the water cooling lasts for 5-8 hours.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the periphery of the reactor can be spirally provided with cooling water pipes for water cooling, and the diameter ratio of the cooling water pipes to the reactor is 1: 20-1: 10, the flow rate of the cooling water is 0.5 to 1 m/s.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 5, after smelting is finished, inert gas is introduced into the upper part of the molten pool of the reactor for purging, wherein the inert gas introduction time is 5-8 hours.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step 5, the flow rate of the inert gas is kept between 1 and 5m3/h。
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
on the basis of one-step aluminothermic reduction, the method adopts high-purity raw materials to reduce the intake of impurity elements, adopts inert gas to stir a molten pool to control alloy segregation, adopts water cooling to control alloy phase change, and adopts inert gas purging to reduce alloy oxidation and nitridation, thereby improving the quality of AlV55 alloy finished products, and particularly improving the yield of AlV55 alloy to more than 70%. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple process, low equipment requirement, low cost and the like, can prepare the AlV55 alloy with the vanadium content controlled between 59 and 59.6 percent in high yield, and has wide market application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a process flow diagram of the method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for improving the quality of an AlV55 alloy finished product, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: vanadium pentoxide (V)2O5) Mixing with aluminum (Al) particles in certain proportion;
step 2: pouring the mixed materials into a reactor, igniting a magnesium strip to trigger reaction, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction smelting;
and step 3: after smelting is finished, introducing inert gas into the melt of the reactor to stir a molten pool;
and 4, step 4: after smelting is finished, cooling the reactor by water;
and 5: after smelting is finished, introducing inert gas to the upper part of the melt of the reactor for purging;
step 6: and after cooling, performing sand blasting and crushing treatment to obtain an AlV55 alloy finished product.
In the step 1, vanadium pentoxide with the purity of not less than 99%, Si of not more than 0.15% and Fe of not more than 0.07% and aluminum particles with the purity of not less than 99% are adopted, and the adoption of high-purity raw materials is favorable for controlling the intake of impurity elements of the alloy, so that the quality of the AlV55 alloy meets the standard requirement. In the step 1, the weight ratio of vanadium pentoxide to aluminum particles is 1.12: 1-1.9: 1, and excessive aluminum particles are adopted, so that a vanadium-aluminum alloy can be formed by fusing the aluminum particles and metal vanadium in a reduction reaction process. In the step 1, preferably, the granularity of vanadium pentoxide is less than or equal to 160 meshes, and the granularity of metal Al is less than or equal to 120 meshes; more preferably, the particle size of the vanadium pentoxide is less than or equal to 120 meshes, and the particle size of the metal Al is less than or equal to 80 meshes, so that the uniform mixing of the raw materials, the full contact of the materials and the full reaction are ensured.
In the step 1, a certain amount of coolant can be added to reduce the unit furnace charge heat of the thermite reaction, so as to avoid serious splashing caused by over violent reaction, which is helpful for improving the safety. Preferably, AlV55 rejects can be used as coolant, which on the one hand contributes to cost reduction and on the other hand avoids the introduction of impurities. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other conventional coolants in the art, such as lime or fluorite, etc., may be used.
Wherein, in step 1, vanadium pentoxide and aluminium grain are packed into the material jar after weighing according to certain ratio misce bene, and this kind of mode compounding in-process material is lossless basically, can the accurate control material addition to because the material can make the material mix more evenly between the material of compounding in-process collision each other.
In the step 2, the mixed materials are poured into a reactor, and after the ignition magnesium tape triggers reaction, the mixed materials react in the reactor as follows: 3V2O5+10Al=6V+5Al2O3. In one embodiment, after the mixed material is poured into the reactor and laid flat, a magnesium strip may be inserted into the material, and the reaction triggered by ignition of the magnesium strip. Although in the above examples the reaction is initiated by igniting the magnesium strip, the invention is not so limited and the reaction may be initiated by other means conventional in the art, for example, by electrically striking a titanium wire.
In step 3, after smelting, introducing inert gas into the melt of the reactor through a spray gun to stir the molten pool so as to promote the mass transfer and heat transfer processes of the molten pool and homogenize the components and temperature of the alloy liquid, thereby controlling alloy segregation. A lance may be inserted into the melt (i.e., the alloy liquid) from the top, side, or bottom of the reaction chamber to introduce inert gas. The lance inserted into the melt is externally coated with a refractory material to improve its service life. The spray gun is inserted into the position 1/3-1/2 of the liquid level height in the melt, in other words, the distance between the air outlet of the spray gun and the liquid level is 1/3-1/2 of the whole liquid level height, and the position is favorable for effective stirring and prevents over-stirring. The lance can spray the melt horizontally, vertically or obliquely. Specifically, the lance may be inserted vertically into the melt from the top and bottom so that the gas emitted by the lance is in a vertical jet, may be inserted horizontally into the melt from the side so that the gas emitted by the lance is in a horizontal jet, and may be inserted obliquely into the melt so that the gas emitted by the lance is in an oblique jet. In embodiments of the present application, a plurality of lances for bath stirring may be provided to simultaneously inject the melt horizontally and/or vertically and/or obliquely.
In the step 3, inert gas is introduced for stirring the molten pool 1-2 min after the smelting is finished, and the time of 1-2 min after the smelting is selected because the alloy liquid has good fluidity and can achieve a better stirring effect. The inert gas used here is high-pressure gas, the pressure should be controlled between 2-3 atm, too large or too small is not suitable, too large pressure easily causes the alloy liquid and the slag to be stirred together again, is not beneficial to alloy separation, and too small pressure can only play a local stirring effect. The stirring time of stirring the molten pool by using the inert gas is controlled to be 20-40 s, the stirring time is not too long or too short, the stirring time is too long, the fluidity of the alloy liquid is poor after the alloy liquid is cooled, the gas cannot be blown into the molten pool, the gas waste is caused, the time is too short, and the stirring effect is poor. The inert gas can be argon, helium, neon and the like.
In the step 4, water cooling is carried out on the reactor 3-5 min after smelting is finished so as to avoid the alloy phase from generating brittle phase and ensure complete separation of slag and gold. Specifically, the periphery of reactor can encircle to be equipped with condenser tube in the spiral, and the water inlet is located the downside, and it links to each other with the cooling water switch, and the delivery port is located the upside, and it links to each other with cooling water discharge pipe, and when consequently carrying out the water-cooling as required, through opening the cooling water switch, during water enters into condenser tube from the water inlet of downside, encircles the periphery of reactor, finally flows from the delivery port that is located the upside to play the purpose of cooling down the reactor. In order to carry out effective water cooling, the ratio of the diameter of the cooling water pipe to the diameter of the reactor is 1: 20-1: 10. for example, the reactor diameter is usually about 1m, and the diameter of the cooling water pipe may be set to 5 to 10 cm. The flow rate of the cooling water can be 0.5-1 m/s, so that the reactor can be effectively cooled. The water cooling operation can last for 5-8 hours, the temperature of the reactor is basically cooled to 80-100 ℃ after 5-8 hours, the phase can not change at this moment, only natural cooling is needed, the need of continuous water cooling is avoided, and the cost is unnecessarily increased when the reactor is continuously operated.
Wherein, in step 5, after smelting is finished, inert gas is blown into the upper part of the melt of the reactor through the spray gun for purging, which helps to prevent air from entering the liquid alloy to cause oxidation and nitridation of the alloy. The inert gas can be argon, helium, neon and the like. In the reaction process, a large amount of smoke generated in the reaction can prevent air from entering the liquid alloy, so that inert gas does not need to be introduced in the reaction process, but once the reaction is finished, a large amount of smoke is not generated any more, the air can be close to the liquid alloy to cause pollution, and the inert gas needs to be introduced in time after smelting is finished. The gas outlet of the spray gun can be arranged 5-10 cm away from the melt liquid level so as to effectively purge the melt. In addition, in order to further improve the purging effect, rotary purging may be performed.
In the step 5, inert gas is introduced for 5-8 hours to ensure that the alloy is not oxidized and nitrided due to air pollution. After smelting, the generated liquid alloy starts to be slowly cooled immediately, after the liquid alloy is cooled for 5-8 hours, the alloy on the outer side is basically solidified, oxidation and nitridation risks are basically avoided, the inert gas can be stopped from being introduced, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile waste is avoided. If the cooling time is insufficient and the inert gas feed is stopped prematurely, the risk of oxidation and nitridation of the alloy is greater.
Wherein, in the step 5, the flow rate of the inert gas is kept between 1 and 5m3H to ensure that the alloy is not contaminated by air causing oxidation and nitridation. The flow rate of the inert gas is in an optimal range, and the inert gas is not too small or too large, wherein the too small inert gas does not play a role in preventing the oxidation and the nitridation of the alloy, and the too large inert gas causes unnecessary waste and increases the cost.
It should be noted here that whether smelting is finished or not is judged according to the existence of splashing, the aluminothermic reaction is generally violent, the phenomenon of splashing exists, the reaction time is usually several minutes, and the reaction ending time is judged according to the fact that splashing does not occur any more on site. In addition, the inert gas introduced in step 3 and step 5 may be the same or different.
Although the execution order of step 3, step 4 and step 5 is described above, it should be understood that the execution order of step 3, step 4 and step 5 is not limited thereto, and they may be executed simultaneously or in an order different from that described above.
In step 6, after smelting, cooling for 24 hours, taking out the alloy cake from the reactor, removing corundum slag on the alloy cake, and if the alloy cake has a little slag, putting the alloy cake into a sand blasting machine to blast the alloy cake completely so as to minimize the loss of the alloy. The sand blasting can adopt iron sand and/or aluminum sand. And crushing the alloy cake after sand blasting to obtain an AlV55 alloy packaging finished product. The vanadium content of the AlV55 alloy is controlled to be 59-59.6%, when the crystallized phase of the alloy is more in a solid solution structure, the brittle phase is relatively less, and the alloy can generate less fine powder when being crushed.
Specific examples of the present invention are given below.
Example 1
Weighing high-purity V2O5150kg (granularity: 120-160 meshes) and 132.3kg of high-purity metal Al (granularity: 80-120 meshes) are put into a charging bucket, mixed uniformly and poured into a reactor, a magnesium tape is ignited to trigger reaction, and argon is blown into the reactor for protection immediately after smelting is finished, wherein the gas flow is 5m3Blowing in for 5h, introducing argon for stirring a molten pool 1min after smelting, introducing argon pressure for controlling the pressure to be 2atm and the time to be 20s, introducing cooling water into the reactor 3min after smelting, opening the reactor after 24h, and performing sand blasting to obtain the AlV55 alloy with the V content of 59.5 percent and the yield of 70.4 percent.
Example 2
Weighing high-purity V2O5100kg of high-purity metal Al (the granularity is less than or equal to 120 meshes) and 87.7kg of high-purity metal Al (the granularity is between 80 and 120 meshes) are put into a charging bucket, are uniformly mixed and poured into a reactor, a magnesium tape is ignited to trigger reaction, and argon is blown into the reactor for protection immediately after smelting is finished, wherein the gas flow is 3m3Blowing in for 7h, 1.5min after smelting, introducing argon to stir a molten pool, controlling the pressure of the introduced argon to be 2.5atm and the time to be 30s, introducing cooling water into a reactor 4min after smelting, opening the reactor after 24h, and performing sand blasting to obtain the AlV55 alloy with the V content of 59.3 percent and the yield of 70.8 percent.
Example 3
Weighing high-purity V2O5200kg (granularity: 120-160 meshes) and 176kg of high-purity metal Al (granularity: less than or equal to 80 meshes) are put into a charging bucket, uniformly mixed and poured into a reactor, a magnesium tape is ignited to trigger reaction, argon is blown in immediately after smelting is finished for protection, and the gas flow is 1m3Blowing in for 8h, introducing argon for stirring a molten pool within 2min after smelting is finished, introducing argon pressure to control the pressure to be 3atm and the time to be 40s, introducing cooling water into the reactor 5min after smelting is finished, opening the reactor after 24h, and performing sand blasting to obtain the AlV55 alloy with the V content of 59.6 percent and the yield of 71.4 percent.
Example 4
Weighing high-purity V2O5100kg of high-purity metal Al (the granularity is less than or equal to 120 meshes) and 89.3kg of high-purity metal Al (the granularity is less than or equal to 80 meshes) are put into a charging bucket, are uniformly mixed and poured into a reactor, a magnesium tape is ignited to trigger reaction, and argon is blown into the reactor for protection immediately after smelting is finished, wherein the gas flow is 3m3Blowing in for 7h, introducing argon for stirring a molten pool 1.5min after smelting, introducing argon pressure for controlling the pressure of 2.5atm and the time to be 30s, introducing cooling water into the reactor 4min after smelting, opening the reactor after 24h, and performing sand blasting to obtain the AlV55 alloy with the V content of 59.4 percent and the yield of 71.8 percent.
Example 5
Weighing high-purity V2O5100kg (granularity is less than or equal to 120 meshes) and 52.6kg of high-purity metal Al (granularity is 80-120 meshes) are put into a charging bucket, are uniformly mixed and poured into a reactor, a magnesium tape is ignited to trigger reaction, argon is blown in immediately after smelting is finished for protection, and the gas flow is 3m3Blowing in for 7h, introducing argon for stirring a molten pool 1.5min after smelting, introducing argon pressure for controlling the pressure of 2.5atm and the time to be 30s, introducing cooling water into the reactor 4min after smelting, opening the reactor after 24h, and performing sand blasting to obtain AlV55 alloy with the V content of 59.5% and the yield of 71.3%.
The above embodiments show that the quality of the finished AlV55 alloy can be improved by adopting the method for preparing the AlV55 alloy, the V content can be controlled to be 59-59.6%, and the yield of the AlV55 alloy can be improved to more than 70%. It should be noted here that the term "alloy yield" in the present invention is defined as: the yield of the alloy is the weight of the packaged finished product/the weight of the alloy cake multiplied by 100 percent.
The above is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and the order of disclosure of the above embodiment of the present disclosure is only for description and does not represent the merits of the embodiment. It should be noted that the discussion of any embodiment above is exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, of embodiments of the invention is limited to those examples, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope, as defined in the claims. The functions, steps and/or actions of the method claims in accordance with the disclosed embodiments described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, of embodiments of the invention is limited to these examples; within the idea of an embodiment of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiment or in different embodiments may be combined and there are many other variations of the different aspects of an embodiment of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for improving the quality of an AlV55 alloy finished product is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing vanadium pentoxide and aluminum particle raw materials uniformly according to a certain proportion;
step 2: pouring the mixed materials into a reactor, igniting a magnesium strip to trigger reaction, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction smelting;
and step 3: after smelting, introducing inert gas into the melt of the reactor to stir a molten pool;
and 4, step 4: water cooling the reactor;
and 5: introducing inert gas to the upper part of the melt of the reactor for purging;
step 6: after cooling, carrying out sand blasting and crushing treatment to obtain an AlV55 alloy finished product;
in the step 1, the weight ratio of the vanadium pentoxide to the aluminum particles is 1.12: 1-1.9: 1.
2. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of vanadium pentoxide is less than or equal to 120 meshes, and the particle size of metallic Al is less than or equal to 80 meshes.
3. The method for improving the quality of the finished AlV55 alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, inert gas is blown into the melt in the reactor through a lance to stir the molten pool.
4. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, inert gas is introduced for molten pool stirring 1-2 min after smelting is finished, and the stirring time is controlled within 20-40 s.
5. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas introduced in step 3 is high-pressure gas, and the pressure of the inert gas is controlled to be between 2atm and 3 atm.
6. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, water cooling is started 3-5 min after smelting is finished, and the water cooling lasts for 5-8 hours.
7. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling is performed through cooling water pipes spirally arranged around the periphery of the reactor, and the diameter ratio of the cooling water pipes to the reactor is 1: 20-1: 10, the flow rate of the cooling water is 0.5 to 1 m/s.
8. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, after smelting is finished, inert gas is introduced into the upper part of the molten pool of the reactor for purging, and the inert gas introduction time is 5-8 hours.
9. The method for improving the quality of the AlV55 alloy finished product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the flow rate of the inert gas is kept between 1 and 5m3/h。
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CN112080660A (en) * 2020-09-28 2020-12-15 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 Preparation method of low-impurity AlV55 alloy
CN113999998B (en) * 2021-09-24 2022-08-09 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Method for controlling vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting process
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CN115109976A (en) * 2022-07-12 2022-09-27 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Method for controlling AlV55 alloy oxide film at back end
CN116103524A (en) * 2022-11-17 2023-05-12 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 Preparation method of vanadium-aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and vanadium-aluminum-iron intermediate alloy
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