CN114990346B - Electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze - Google Patents
Electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 239
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 manganese aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, belonging to the technical field of electroslag special metallurgy, wherein the slag system is prepared from calcium fluoride CaF 2 And alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li; x is Na, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :30% -33%, naF: 67-70%, wherein the melting point interval of the slag system is 810-820 ℃; x is Li, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :20% -23%, liF: 77-80%, and the slag system melting point interval is 760-780 ℃. The slag system provided by the invention meets the electroslag smelting technical requirements of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, so that the electroslag ingot obtains approximate solidification conditions in the smelting process, and the difference of solidification structures is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroslag special metallurgy, in particular to an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze.
Background
The high-manganese aluminum bronze has excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance are superior to those of aluminum bronze, and the high-strength and high-hardness structure property of the high-manganese aluminum bronze enables the high-manganese aluminum bronze material to be used for manufacturing parts such as threads, gear blanks and the like. In addition, the high-manganese aluminum bronze material also has good heat conductivity and stable rigidity, and can be used as a novel die manufacturing material. The material is also one of the manufacturing materials of corrosion-resistant accessories such as large ship propellers, valves and the like, and has important significance for promoting the development of maritime affairs in China.
The smelting process of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze is continuously improved, and the smelting process is a precondition capable of ensuring good quality of alloy and is a key link in the process of casting alloy. When ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze is smelted by the current electroslag process (the smelting temperature is 950-1000 ℃), the smelting speed of a metal electrode rises too fast due to the slag component change in the electroslag smelting process, so that the solidification time of the smelted ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze is prolonged, the difference of solidification structures at different longitudinal heights of an electroslag ingot is increased, and finally the service performance of the prepared product is different.
The high-quality high-manganese aluminum bronze with uniform and compact solidification structure and excellent comprehensive performance is prepared by an electroslag remelting process, and suitability optimization is required for slag systems used in electroslag smelting and matched process methods in aspects of slag system components, metal electrode melting speed control in the electroslag remelting process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the invention aims to provide an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, which are used for solving the technical problems that the stability of metal electrode melting speed control is poor, the solidification structure difference of longitudinal different heights of an electroslag ingot is large due to the rapid rise of the melting speed in the electroslag remelting process, and the comprehensive performance of a finally prepared product is poor.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
electroslag remelting slag system of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, wherein the slag system is prepared from calcium fluoride CaF 2 And alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li; x is Na, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :30% -33%, naF: 67-70%, and the melting point interval is 810-820 ℃; x is Li, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :20% -23%, liF: 77-80% and 760-780 ℃ in the melting point interval.
Further, the slag system comprises the following components: caF (CaF) 2 :30.5 to 32.5 percent, naF: 67.5-69.5%, melting point range 810-820 ℃, density 1.60-1.7 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.5-4.5S/cm.
Further, the slag system comprises the following components: caF (CaF) 2 :20.5 to 22.5 percent, liF: 77.5-79.5%, and the density is 2.6-2.8 g/cm at the melting point interval of 760-780 ℃ and 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.9-4.7S/cm.
An electroslag remelting method of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 And an alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-40 min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, and vacuum sealing to obtain standby slag;
step 4: and (3) smelting the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting an electroslag furnace in an inert gas atmosphere.
Further, in the step 3, a crusher is adopted to crush the slag system until the granularity is less than or equal to 1cm.
Further, in the step 4, the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze smelting is performed by adopting an electroslag furnace, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
s41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCUAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni;
s42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.1-0.5% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring into a slag feeder for standby;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1-2 hours;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
and S45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by the electroslag furnace.
In step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is NaF, and the melting speed is reduced by 10-15% when the steady state is ended compared with that when the steady state is started.
In step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is LiF, and the melting speed is reduced by 5-10% when the steady state is ended than when the steady state is started.
Further, in step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is NaF, and the melting rate in the molten pool stage is defined as w Molten pool The melting speed in the steady-state melting stage is w Steady state Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤2w Steady state 。
Further, in step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is LiF, and the melting rate in the molten pool making stage is defined as w Molten pool The melting speed in the steady-state melting stage is w Steady state Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤1.5w Steady state 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the slag system provided by the invention has low melting point, meets the technical requirements of electroslag smelting of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, and further sets the melting speed gradual reduction change in a steady-state stage when the slag system is used for electroslag smelting, so that narrow-range fluctuation control of the melting speed in the electroslag smelting process is realized, and the increase of the melting speed of a metal electrode caused by the slag component change (melting point increase) is counteracted, thereby the electroslag ingot obtains approximate solidification conditions in the smelting process, and the difference of solidification structures is reduced.
2. The slag system provided by the invention is characterized in that carbon powder accounting for 0.1% -0.5% of the slag weight is mixed in slag before electroslag smelting, so that oxygen in air can be effectively prevented from entering a metal molten pool through a liquid slag pool, and CO generated after the carbon powder is oxidized can form a reducing atmosphere on the slag surface to protect the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool.
In the invention, the slag system-based process method can be properly adjusted to realize more preferable combination schemes, and the method is regarded as the protection scope of the patent claims. Some of the advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying examples which form a part hereof, and which together with the description of the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze. The main components of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are as follows: mn:13.5 to 15.0 percent of Al:7.8 to 8.8 percent, fe:2.8 to 4.0 percent, ni:1.8 to 2.5 percent, si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance is Cu and impurities, wherein the melting range is 950 to 1000 ℃. The invention obtains the content of each component of slag system based on the alloy element system of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni and the fluoride thermodynamic phase diagram, and can meet the electroslag smelting requirement of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni.
On the one hand, the invention provides an electroslag remelting slag system of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, wherein the slag system is prepared from calcium fluoride CaF 2 And alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :30% -33%, naF:67% -70%, melting point range 810-820 ℃ or CaF 2 :20% -23%, liF: 77-80% and 760-780 ℃ in the melting point interval.
The action of each component in the slag system is as follows:
CaF 2 : the melting point is about 1402 ℃, and the high temperature is not suitable for decomposition and volatilization, and is one of the main optional components for preparing the electroslag system.
NaF: melting point of about 996 ℃, is not easy to decompose and volatilize at high temperature, and is suitable for CaF 2 The low-melting slag system can be obtained by reasonable preparation.
LiF: melting point of 848 deg.C, high temperature is not suitable for decomposition and volatilization, and can be used for CaF 2 The low-melting slag system can be obtained by reasonable preparation.
In the process for electroslag remelting ZIn the production of CuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, the melting point of a slag system influences the electroslag stable smelting process of the material. The degree of melting point of the slag system influences the degree of conductivity, viscosity and heating value of the slag system. Too high or too low melting point is unfavorable for dephosphorization and desulfurization and other physical and chemical reactions, and can easily cause problems of internal and surface quality of steel ingot products and generate metallurgical defects such as void air holes, inclusions and the like. The existing ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3N high-manganese aluminum bronze electroslag remelting slag system has unreasonable preparation proportion of each component, and does not consider the smelting process, and is along with Al in the smelting slag 2 O 3 The mass content is gradually increased, and the influence on the metallurgical property of slag is achieved.
In the invention, the melting point range of the slag system is 760-820 ℃, the initial melting temperature of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze is about 950 ℃, the electrode melting speed can be ensured to meet the material characteristics, namely, the slag system melting point and the electroslag smelting matching of the metal electrode material melting point are good, and the slag system component proportion and the stability are good in the initial smelting stage.
Al in slag system as smelting proceeds 2 O 3 Gradually rise when Al in slag system 2 O 3 When the mass content reaches 1.5% -2.5%, the melting point of the slag system is 865-875 ℃, and the melting speed of the electrode accords with the material characteristics; when Al in slag system 2 O 3 When the mass content is continuously increased to 7.5-8.5%, the melting point of the slag system is 960-970 ℃, and the melting point of the slag system is still equivalent to that of the electrode material. Considering that the balance reaction of metallurgical steel slag is continuously carried out, the Al in the metal molten pool cannot be prevented from being oxidized to enter the slag pool to form Al 2 O 3 After smelting enters a steady state, the invention carries out cooperative operation on the slag component change and the steady state melting speed control, and the continuously-reduced setting melting speed is used for counteracting the continuous increase of the melting speed caused by the slag component change, thereby realizing the stable melting speed control in the steady state process and avoiding the rapid increase of the electrode melting speed and the increase of the difference of solidification structures of different longitudinal heights of the electroslag ingot.
Preferably, the composition of the slag system is: caF (CaF) 2 :30.5 to 32.5 percent, naF: 67.5-69.5%, melting point range 810-820 ℃, density 1.60-1.7 g at 1700-1800 DEG C/cm 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.5-4.5S/cm.
Preferably, the composition of the slag system is: caF (CaF) 2 :20.5 to 22.5 percent, liF: 77.5-79.5%, and the density is 2.6-2.8 g/cm at the melting point interval of 760-780 ℃ and 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.9-4.7S/cm.
Preferably, the composition of the slag system is: caF (CaF) 2 :31.5%, naF:68.5%, and a melting point range of 810-820 ℃ and a density of 1.62-1.7 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.8-4.5S/cm.
Preferably, the composition of the slag system is: caF (CaF) 2 :21.6%, liF:78.4%, and the density is 2.7-2.8 g/cm at the melting point interval of 760-780 ℃ and 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 4.1-4.7S/cm.
Specifically, in the production of electroslag remelting ZCUAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze alloy, the physicochemical properties of the slag system influence the production quality of steel ingots, and the production quality is specifically as follows:
(1) Melting point: the melting point mainly influences the melting speed of the consumable metal electrode, ensures the surface quality of the cast ingot, and influences the heat storage capacity of the slag pool. The selection of a suitable slag melting point is an essential element for achieving reasonable smelting of the metal electrode. The degree of electric conductivity, viscosity and heating value of the slag system are influenced by the melting point of the slag. Too high or too low melting point is unfavorable for dephosphorization and desulfurization and other physical and chemical reactions, and can easily cause problems of internal and surface quality of steel ingot products and generate metallurgical defects such as void air holes, inclusions and the like. The melting point range is 760-820 ℃, so that the surface quality of the ingot is ensured to be uniform, and reasonable melting speed control is maintained.
(2) Density: the density difference of the slag system and the metal electrode is an important influencing factor, the larger the density difference is, the smaller the metal liquid drops are, the larger the surface area of a slag-gold interface is, slag-gold separation is facilitated, impurity removal and inclusion removal of the metal liquid drops are facilitated, and slag inclusion in crystallized metal can be prevented. The density of the slag system mainly determines the slag consumption in the electroslag remelting process and the speed of the melting point passing through the slag layer in the electroslag remelting processThe ratio, the residence time and the like determine the purification effect in the electroslag remelting process, the difficulty degree of slag-gold separation in the electroslag remelting process and the like, so that proper slag density is selected to have a certain influence on the metallurgical quality in the electroslag remelting process. The density of the invention at 1800 ℃ is 1.6-2.8 g/cm 3 The quality uniformity of the ingot is ensured, the impurity content is low, and meanwhile, the better separation of the steel ingot and the electroslag surface is ensured.
(3) Viscosity: the slag should also have good fluidity, ensuring that the slag-metal reaction is complete and the temperature distribution of the slag pool is uniform. And the viscosity of the slag does not change greatly with the change of temperature. When the temperature is 1800 ℃, the viscosity is less than or equal to 0.05Pa.s, the viscosity of the slag influences the circulating flow speed of the slag, and the slag with low viscosity has a strong stirring effect due to the action of electromagnetic stirring force, so that the fluidity of the slag can be enhanced, the heat transfer is facilitated, and meanwhile, the diffusion of a reaction interface can be enhanced. The viscosity of the steel slag in the smelting process is less than or equal to 0.001 Pa.S at 1800 ℃, so that the steel slag in the smelting process is ensured to have good fluidity.
(4) Conductivity: the slag bath can be considered a resistor in the loop of the overall electroslag remelting process, providing the necessary resistance heat for remelting. The consumable electrode and molten metal bath spacing is proportional to the conductivity of the slag when the current through the slag bath, the voltage and the effective area of the slag bath are fixed. Too small conductivity can lead to shortening of electrode spacing (the distance between a consumable electrode and a metal molten pool), too short electrode spacing is easy to lead to unstable electroslag remelting process, and meanwhile, the reaction time of steel slag in the falling process of small metal droplets is influenced, so that removal of inclusions is not facilitated. The conductivity of the aluminum bronze alloy is 3.5-4.7S/cm at 1800 ℃, so that the aluminum bronze alloy can meet the smelting requirement of aluminum bronze.
On the other hand, the invention provides an electroslag remelting method of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 And an alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-40 min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, and vacuum sealing to obtain standby slag;
step 4: and (3) smelting the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting an electroslag furnace in an inert gas atmosphere.
Specifically, in the step 2, the target slag system is melted at a temperature above the melting point to achieve the proportioning, so that the stability of slag system components in the alloy smelting process can be ensured to be good. In the heat preservation process, each component of the slag system is fully and uniformly mixed to form a stable compound, and in the process, the moisture of the slag system is removed, so that the moisture is low in the subsequent preservation and use.
Specifically, in the step 3, a crusher is adopted to crush until the granularity is less than or equal to 1cm, and then vacuum sealing storage is carried out. The granularity of the slag system is controlled, so that the slag system can be melted uniformly and rapidly in the electroslag smelting process.
Specifically, in the step 4, the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze smelting is performed by adopting an electroslag furnace, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
s41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCUAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni;
s42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.1-0.5% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring into a slag feeder for standby;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1-2 hours;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
and S45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by the electroslag furnace.
Specifically, in S42, carbon powder accounting for 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the mass percentage of slag is mixed, so that oxygen in air can be effectively prevented from entering a metal molten pool through a liquid slag pool, and CO/CO is generated after the carbon powder is oxidized 2 Can form a reducing atmosphere on the slag surface to protect a liquid slag pool anda molten metal bath.
Specifically, in S43, all slag materials are controlled to be added within 1-2 hours, so that the phenomenon that the addition amount is too large, insufficient melting and slow is avoided, and steel nail air holes are formed.
Specifically, in S44, because ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze contains high content of 7.8-8.8% of Al, argon is needed to be used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in a crystallizer in the smelting process.
Specifically, because oxygen in the air is still difficult to completely avoid being transferred into a liquid slag pool and a metal molten pool after the argon is adopted for protection, al is formed after Al and Si in the metal molten pool are oxidized 2 O 3 And SiO 2 The slag enters a liquid slag pool to change the components of a slag system, so that the melting point of the slag system is increased (after the slag composition is changed, the melting point can be increased to 870-1000 ℃ and does not meet the electroslag smelting requirement of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze), the slag temperature is increased, the melting speed of a metal electrode is increased, and the difference of solidification structures of electroslag ingots is increased. In order to solve the problem of rapid melting speed rise caused by slag system component change, thereby realizing that the melting speed of an electroslag smelting process fluctuates in a narrow interval, namely the electrode melting speed is within a range of +/-10% of the average melting speed to obtain approximate solidification conditions, when the slag system is used for electroslag smelting, the melting speed gradual reduction change in a steady-state stage is set: slag CaF 2 The melting speed is reduced by 10 to 15 percent when the +NaF steady state is ended than when the steady state is started, and the slag system CaF 2 The melting speed is reduced by 5-10% when the +LiF steady state is ended than when the steady state is started.
Specifically, in S45, a slag system CaF is set in a steady state stage to reduce the slag system melting speed 2 The melting speed is reduced by 10-15% when the +NaF steady state is ended than when the steady state is started. Defining the initial smelting time as t 0 Entering steady state time t Steady state Steady state end time t Endpoint (endpoint) The power-off time is t Power-off 。t 0 ～t Steady state To produce the molten pool stage, t Steady state ～t Endpoint (endpoint) Is a steady state smelting stage, t Endpoint (endpoint) ～t Power-off Is a feeding stage. Defining the melting speed of the molten pool stage as w Molten pool Stable and stableThe melting speed in the state smelting stage is w Steady state . Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤2w Steady state At the actual melting speed of w Molten pool Then, the melting speed is reduced to w after 10 to 20 minutes Steady state The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After entering a steady-state stage, smelting ingot weights M and w according to the steady-state smelting stage Steady state Determining the steady-state smelting time t, i.e. t=t Endpoint (endpoint) -t Steady state ＝M/w Steady state At the end of steady state t Endpoint (endpoint) The melting rate of (2) should be greater than that of w Steady state 10 to 15 percent lower. Setting the power-off time t Power-off Is 0.2w Steady state 。
Specifically, in S45, a slag system CaF is set in a steady state stage to reduce the slag system melting speed 2 The melting speed is reduced by 5-10% when the +LiF steady state is ended than when the steady state is started. Defining the initial smelting time as t 0 Entering steady state time t Steady state Steady state end time t Endpoint (endpoint) The power-off time is t Power-off 。t 0 ～t Steady state To produce the molten pool stage, t Steady state ～t Endpoint (endpoint) Is a steady state smelting stage, t Endpoint (endpoint) ～t Power-off Is a feeding stage. Defining the melting speed of the molten pool stage as w Molten pool The melting speed in the steady-state melting stage is w Steady state . Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤1.5w Steady state At the actual melting speed of w Molten pool Setting the melting speed to be w after 10-15 min Steady state The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After entering the steady-state stage, smelting ingot weights M and w according to the steady-state stage Steady state Determining the steady-state smelting time t, i.e. t=t Endpoint (endpoint) -t Steady state ＝M/w Steady state At the end of steady state t Endpoint (endpoint) The melting rate of (2) should be greater than that of w Steady state 5% -10% lower. Setting the power-off time t Power-off Is 0.2w Steady state 。
It is worth noting that the invention considers that the balance reaction of metallurgical steel slag is continuously carried out, and the Al in the metal molten pool cannot be prevented from being oxidized into the slag pool to form Al 2 O 3 And increases continuously, after the smelting enters a steady state, the invention carries out the cooperative operation of the slag component change and the steady state smelting speed control by adopting the continuous reduction arrangementThe melting speed is set to counteract the continuous increase of the melting speed caused by the change of slag components, so that the stable control of the melting speed in a steady-state process is realized, and the phenomenon that the difference of solidification structures of longitudinal different heights of an electroslag ingot is increased due to the rapid increase of the electrode melting speed is avoided.
In the electroslag process in the weight range of 2 t-5 t, in the step 4, the thickness of the slag layer is designed to be 100-150 mm, the high power input in the arcing stage is 600-2000 kW, and the low power input in the steady-state stage is 400-1200 kW. The electrode melting speed in the melting steady-state process is 4-5 kg/min, and the thickness of slag crust on the surface of the steel ingot in the steady-state stage is less than or equal to 2mm.
The manganese aluminum iron elements of the prepared electroslag ingot are uniformly distributed, the longitudinal solidification structures with different heights are uniform, the difference is small, and the performance indexes of the product strength, the hardness and the like accord with the use requirements of the processing and service environment: yield strength R p0.2 282-290 Mpa, tensile strength R m 645-655 Mpa, elongation A19.5-20.0%, shrinkage Z19.5-20.1%, hardness HB 157-164.
Example 1-1
The invention aims to provide an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze. The main components of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are as follows: mn:13.5 to 15.0 percent of Al:7.8 to 8.8 percent, fe:2.8 to 4.0 percent, ni:1.8 to 2.5 percent, si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance is Cu and impurities, wherein the melting range is 950 to 1000 ℃.
The mass percentage of each component in the slag system is CaF 2 :21.6%, liF:78.4%, and the slag system has a melting temperature of 760-780 ℃ and a density of 2.65-2.8 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 4.1-4.6S/cm.
The electroslag remelting method of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze comprises the following steps of:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 And LiF is mixed according to the target slag system component;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 1000 ℃ by using a heating furnace for 20min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, vacuum sealing, crushing to granularity less than or equal to 1cm, and vacuum sealing and preserving according to 10 Kg/bag to obtain standby slag;
step 4: and (3) smelting the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting a 5t electroslag furnace under the inert gas atmosphere.
S41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting with about 1.8t into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni; polishing and peeling the surface, and showing that the surface gloss is free of oxide layer for standby. And checking and testing the water, electricity, gas and other systems of the 5t atmosphere protection electroslag furnace equipment, and preparing for standby.
S42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.4% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring the slag into a slag feeder for later use after uniform mixing;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1 h;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
s45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by an electroslag furnace, a smelting speed decreasing change in a steady-state stage is set, and a smelting speed w in a smelting pool manufacturing stage is set Molten pool The maximum melting speed w in the steady-state melting stage is 6.2kg/min Steady state On average about 4.23kg/min (fluctuation range 4-4.6 kg/min), the melting speed at the end of steady state is 7% lower than that at the beginning of steady state, and the highest melting speed w in the molten pool making stage is met Molten pool ≤1.5w Steady state Time t of power failure Power-off Is 0.2w Steady state 。
Pilot production is carried out in a 5t electroslag furnace, and the key point conditions of the process in the step 4 are as follows: electrode diameter 375mm, crystallizer diameter 435mm, slag layer design about 130mm, electroslag furnace crystallizer arc striking bottom plate thickness should reach more than 1.0 cm. The power input in the arcing stage is 600-1000 kW, the power input in the steady-state stage is 500-700 kW, and the melting speed in the steady-state smelting stage is about 4.23kg/min (the fluctuation range is 4-4.6 kg/min). The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.6m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.7 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.1mm.
Examples 1 to 2
The slag system of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass 2 :20.7%, liF:79.3%, and the slag system has a melting temperature of 760-780 ℃ and a density of 2.6-2.7 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 4.2-4.7S/cm.
The electroslag remelting method and process key point conditions of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are the same as those of the embodiment 1-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.62m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.68 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.1mm.
Examples 1 to 3
The slag system of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass 2 :22.5%, liF:77.5%, the slag system has a melting temperature of 760-780 ℃ and a density of 2.7-2.8 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.9-4.5S/cm.
The electroslag remelting method and process key point conditions of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are the same as those of the embodiment 1-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.58m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.72 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.2mm.
Example 2-1
The invention aims to provide an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze. The main components of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are as follows: mn:13.5 to 15.0 percent of Al:7.8 to 8.8 percent, fe:2.8 to 4.0 percent, ni:1.8 to 2.5 percent, si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance is Cu and impurities, wherein the melting range is 950 to 1000 ℃.
The mass percentage of each component in the slag system is CaF 2 :31.5%, naF:68.5% and the melting temperature of the slag system is 810-82%At 0 ℃, 1700-1800 ℃ of 1.62-1.7 g/cm 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.7-4.4S/cm. The electroslag remelting preparation method of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 And NaF is mixed according to the target slag system component;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 1000 ℃ by using a heating furnace for the prepared slag system, and preserving heat for 25min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, vacuum sealing, crushing to granularity less than or equal to 1cm, and vacuum sealing and preserving according to 10 Kg/bag to obtain standby slag;
step 4: and (3) smelting the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting a 5t electroslag furnace under the inert gas atmosphere.
S41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting with about 1.8t into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni; polishing and peeling the surface, and showing that the surface gloss is free of oxide layer for standby. And checking and testing the water, electricity, gas and other systems of the 5t atmosphere protection electroslag furnace equipment, and preparing for standby.
S42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.5% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring the slag into a slag feeder for later use after uniform mixing;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1.2 hours;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
s45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by an electroslag furnace, a smelting speed decreasing change in a steady-state stage is set, and a smelting speed w in a smelting pool manufacturing stage is set Molten pool The maximum melting speed w in the steady-state melting stage is 7.9kg/min Steady state On average about 4.28kg/min (fluctuation range 4.0-4.7 kg/min), the melting speed at the end of steady state is reduced by 11% than that at the beginning of steady state, and the highest melting speed w in the molten pool making stage is met Molten pool ≤2w Steady state Time t of power failure Power-off Is 0.2w Steady state 。
Pilot production is carried out in a 5t electroslag furnace, and the key point conditions of the process are as follows: electrode diameter 375mm, crystallizer diameter 435mm, slag layer design about 135mm, electroslag furnace crystallizer arc striking bottom plate thickness should reach more than 1.0 cm. The power input in the arcing stage is 700-1100 kW, the power input in the steady-state stage is 600-750 kW, and the steady-state melting speed is about 4.28kg/min (fluctuation range is 4.0-4.7 kg/min). The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.58m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.7 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.2mm.
Example 2-2
The slag system of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass 2 :30.7%, naF:69.3%, the melting temperature of the slag system is 810-820 ℃, and the density is 1.62-1.68 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 Viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and conductivity is 4.0-4.5S/cm.
The electroslag remelting method and process key point conditions of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are the same as those of the embodiment 2-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.60m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.68 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.1mm.
Examples 2 to 3
The slag system of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass 2 :32.5%, naF:67.5%, the melting temperature of the slag system is 810-820 ℃, and the density is 1.65-1.7 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.5-4.3S/cm.
The electroslag remelting method and process key point conditions of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are the same as those of the embodiment 2-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.62m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.73 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, the surface quality of the ingot is good, the thickness distribution of slag skin is uniform, and the average thickness of slag skin in the middle section of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 1.2mm.
Comparative example 1
The invention aims to provide an electroslag remelting slag system and method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze. The main components of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze are as follows: mn:13.5 to 15.0 percent of Al:7.8 to 8.8 percent, fe:2.8 to 4.0 percent, ni:1.8 to 2.5 percent, si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance is Cu and impurities, wherein the melting range is 950 to 1000 ℃.
The mass percentage of each component in the slag system is CaF 2 ：38％，NaF：52％，A1 2 O 3 10% and the melting temperature of the slag system is 1000-1100 ℃.
The electroslag remelting preparation method of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 NaF and A1 2 O 3 Proportioning according to the target slag system components;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 1200 ℃ by using a heating furnace for 20min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, vacuum sealing, crushing to granularity less than or equal to 1cm, and vacuum sealing and preserving according to 10 Kg/bag to obtain standby slag;
step 4: and (3) smelting the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting a 5t electroslag furnace under the inert gas atmosphere.
S41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting with about 1.8t into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni; polishing and peeling the surface, and showing that the surface gloss is free of oxide layer for standby. And checking and testing the water, electricity, gas and other systems of the 5t atmosphere protection electroslag furnace equipment, and preparing for standby.
S42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.4% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring the slag into a slag feeder for later use after uniform mixing;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1 h;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
s45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by an electroslag furnace, a smelting speed decreasing change in a steady-state stage is set, and a smelting speed w in a smelting pool manufacturing stage is set Molten pool The melting speed w in the steady-state melting stage is 8.3kg/min Steady state On average about 4.35kg/min (fluctuation range 4-5.2 kg/min), the melting speed at the end of steady state is reduced by 14% than that at the beginning of steady state, and the highest melting speed w in the molten pool making stage is met Molten pool ≤2w Steady state Time t of power failure Power-off Is 0.2w Steady state 。
Pilot production is carried out in a 5t electroslag furnace, and the key point conditions of the process are as follows: electrode diameter 375mm, crystallizer diameter 435mm, slag layer design about 135mm, electroslag furnace crystallizer arc striking bottom plate thickness should reach more than 1.0 cm. The power input in the arcing stage is 700-1100 kW, the power input in the steady-state stage is 600-700 kW, and the steady-state melting speed is about 4.35kg/min (the fluctuation range is 4-5.2 kg/min). The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.6m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.7 tons. Electroslag smelting process Al 2 O 3 The content is too high, even if steady-state melting speed control is adopted, the difference of solidification structures of the manufactured steel ingot is larger than that of the invention due to the difference of slag systems, and the mechanical property of the steel ingot is weaker than that of the invention.
Comparative example 2
The electroslag remelting method of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze of the embodiment does not comprise the operation of adding C powder in the step S42, and slag system, other electroslag remelting method steps and process key point conditions used in the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.55m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.65 tons. The electroslag smelting process is stable, but a large amount of oxygen in the air enters a molten pool to generate a large amount of oxide inclusions, so that the mechanical properties of the ingot are seriously affected.
Comparative example 3
The electroslag remelting method of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze of the embodiment does not comprise the step S45, and slag system, other electroslag remelting method steps and process key point conditions used in the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1-1.
The smelting effect is as follows: the ingot height after smelting is about 1.56m, and the actual ingot weight is about 1.67 tons. The electrode melting speed rises too fast, the solidification time of the melted ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze is prolonged, the difference of solidification structures of longitudinal different heights of electroslag ingots is increased, and the mechanical properties of the ingots are seriously affected.
The structure of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze electroslag ingot prepared by the electroslag remelting slag system and method has the advantages that the structure is determined, the uniformity of the structure has important influence on the structure of the electroslag ingot, the solidification structure of the ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze electroslag ingot is uniform, the manganese aluminum iron elements are uniformly distributed, the solidification structures at different heights in the longitudinal direction are uniform, the difference is small, the performance indexes such as the product strength and the hardness meet the use requirements of processing and service environments, the comprehensive performance is obviously superior to that of the electroslag ingot prepared by other slag systems and methods, the technical problems that the stability of metal electrode melting speed control is poor, the difference of the solidification structures at different heights in the longitudinal direction of the electroslag ingot is large due to the rapid rise of the melting speed in the electroslag remelting process are solved, and finally prepared products have poor comprehensive performance are solved.
Properties of electroslag ingots of examples and comparative examples
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An electroslag remelting method for ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: using industrially pure calcium fluoride CaF 2 And an alkali metal fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li;
step 2: pre-melting the target slag system at 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-40 min;
step 3: cooling the premelted slag system furnace to room temperature, crushing, and vacuum sealing to obtain standby slag;
step 4: smelting ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high-manganese aluminum bronze by adopting an electroslag furnace in an inert gas atmosphere;
in the step 4, an electroslag furnace is adopted to smelt ZCuAl8Mn14Fe3Ni high manganese aluminum bronze, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
s41, filling a consumable electrode rod for smelting into an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the electrode composition meets the composition requirement of ZCUAl8Mn14Fe3 Ni;
s42, before the electroslag smelting is used, pouring slag into a slag mixing hopper, mixing carbon powder according to 0.1-0.5% of the mass percentage of the slag, and pouring into a slag feeder for standby;
s43, after the arc starting of the electroslag furnace is completed, uniformly adding the slag mixed with carbon powder into a crystallizer by using a slag feeder, and carrying out electroslag smelting, wherein the addition of all the slag is completed within 1-2 hours;
s44, in the smelting process, argon is used for atmosphere protection at the upper part of a molten pool in the crystallizer;
s45, in the smelting process, electrode smelting is carried out according to a smelting curve set by the electroslag furnace;
the slag system is formed by calcium fluoride CaF 2 And an alkali fluoride XF, wherein X is Na or Li;
x is Na, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :30% -33%, naF: 67-70%, wherein the melting point interval of the slag system is 810-820 ℃;
x is Li, and the slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass: caF (CaF) 2 :20% -23%, liF: 77-80%, wherein the melting point interval of the slag system is 760-780 ℃;
the melting speed in the steady-state melting stage of the melting process is reduced and changed, alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is NaF, and the melting speed is reduced by 10-15% when the steady state is ended than when the steady state is started; the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is LiF, and the melting speed is reduced by 5-10% when the steady state is ended compared with that when the steady state is started.
2. The electroslag remelting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,the slag system comprises the following components: caF (CaF) 2 :30.5 to 32.5 percent, naF: 67.5-69.5%, melting point range 810-820 ℃, density 1.60-1.7 g/cm at 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.5-4.5S/cm.
3. The electroslag remelting method according to claim 1, wherein the slag system comprises the following components: caF (CaF) 2 :20.5 to 22.5 percent, liF: 77.5-79.5%, and the density is 2.6-2.8 g/cm at the melting point interval of 760-780 ℃ and 1700-1800 DEG C 3 The viscosity is 0.0009-0.001 Pa.S, and the conductivity is 3.9-4.7S/cm.
4. The electroslag remelting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the slag system is crushed to a particle size of 1cm or less by a crusher.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is NaF, and the melting rate in the molten pool stage is defined as w Molten pool The melting speed in the steady-state melting stage is w Steady state Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤2w Steady state 。
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S45, the alkali metal fluoride in the slag system is LiF, and the melting rate in the molten pool stage is defined as w Molten pool The melting speed in the steady-state melting stage is w Steady state Highest melting speed w of the molten pool making stage Molten pool ≤1.5w Steady state 。
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