CN111548840A - Special coking inhibitor for hazardous waste incinerator and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special coking inhibitor for hazardous waste incinerator and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111548840A CN111548840A CN202010332372.XA CN202010332372A CN111548840A CN 111548840 A CN111548840 A CN 111548840A CN 202010332372 A CN202010332372 A CN 202010332372A CN 111548840 A CN111548840 A CN 111548840A
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- Prior art keywords
- hazardous waste
- coking inhibitor
- incinerator
- coking
- waste incinerator
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
- F23J2700/003—Ash removal means for incinerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to a special coking inhibitor for a hazardous waste incinerator, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemistry. The coking inhibitor has simple components, and the magnesium oxide improves the melting point of fly ash generated by burning in the process of burning the hazardous waste, and reduces the quantity of the fly ash melted at high temperature which is adhered to the tail part of the rotary kiln, the grate, the throat of the secondary combustion chamber, the side wall of the horizontal flue and the heated surface to a certain extent, thereby reducing the coking rate of the incinerator. Carbon dioxide generated by the metal carbonate destroys the compact structure of the coke block to form a porous fragile structure, so that the coke block is loose and is in a sandwich shape, coke cleaning is time-saving and labor-saving, and the influence on equipment and refractory materials is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special coking inhibitor for a hazardous waste incinerator, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemistry.
Background
Because the hazardous waste often has characteristics such as high toxicity, acidity and corrosivity, therefore ordinary incinerator can not be directly used for burning hazardous waste, otherwise easily cause malignant pollution incident and furnace body strong corrosion. At present, a rotary kiln type incinerator is adopted at home and abroad to treat hazardous waste, and the rotary kiln has the characteristics of continuous operation, high feeding elasticity, high technical feasibility, easiness in operation, convenience in operation and maintenance and the like.
In the burning process of the dangerous waste, the rotary kiln, the secondary combustion chamber and the horizontal flue in the rotary kiln burning furnace can generate coking, the coke block can reduce the output of the boiler, increase the smoke discharge loss, reduce the burning efficiency, and cause forced furnace shutdown in serious conditions, thereby shortening the service life of the burning furnace. In order to reduce the coking rate of an incinerator, at present, few coking inhibitors aiming at hazardous waste disposal are available, most of the coking inhibitors aim at a household garbage power plant and a coal-fired boiler, and most of the coking inhibitors contain SiO2、F2O3Nitrate, if applied in the hazardous waste incineration process, SiO2The melting point of ash in the incinerator is lowered, the melting is promoted, but coking is caused, and the refractory is damaged when the temperature is too highA material; f2O3Under reducing atmosphere, the compound is combined with various metal and nonmetal compounds to form hard fayalite, which causes chemical coking; the nitrate is decomposed by heat to generate NOx, which is one of the atmospheric pollutants. And the coking inhibitor which can be applied to the hazardous waste disposal industry in the market has the price of 8000-12000 yuan/ton, very high price and unobvious effect. Moreover, the coke blocks formed in the hazardous waste incineration process have high strength, cover partial surfaces of the rotary kiln, the secondary combustion chamber and the horizontal flue, and need to be beaten by an iron rod, a lengthened heavy hammer and the like for 30-60 minutes/time in online coke cleaning, so that the normal working condition is influenced, and the service lives of equipment and refractory materials are also influenced. After the furnace is shut down, coke is cleaned manually by using an air pick and the like for 2 days, the working intensity is high, the environment is poor, and certain safety risk exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator, which has simple composition and high efficiency.
The invention aims to realize the purpose by the following technical scheme that the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-95% of magnesium oxide and 5-30% of metal carbonate.
The main component of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is light-burned magnesium oxide which has a high melting point and cannot be melted in the rotary kiln incinerator, and the magnesium oxide can continuously cover the surface of a coke layer in the formation process of the coke layer, so that coke blocks are layered, the melting point of fly ash is increased by the magnesium oxide, and melting coking is prevented; the auxiliary component metal carbonate heats to release gas, pores are formed in the coking process, the coked coke blocks are loosened, and the coked coke blocks are of a layered structure with the interval porous loose layers, so that the whole coke blocks can be removed only by lightly knocking the loosened layered coke blocks in the subsequent decoking process, the manual cleaning cost is greatly reduced, the burning equipment is protected, and the loss of the burning equipment is greatly reduced. The coking inhibitor is used for incinerating hazardous wastes, simple components are beneficial to controlling safety in incineration, and if the components are too complex, the coking inhibitor is easy to react with hazardous materials in the incineration of the hazardous materials, generates harmful gas and harmful substances, even generates dangers such as explosion and the like.
In the coking inhibitor specially used for the hazardous waste incinerator, the metal carbonate comprises one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate.
In the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator, the magnesium carbonate is basic magnesium carbonate. The basic magnesium carbonate is mixed with the fly ash and is decomposed into magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature, the carbon dioxide can generate a plurality of air holes in the coke block, the compact structure of the coke block is damaged, a porous fragile structure is formed, and the decomposed magnesium oxide can improve the melting point of the fly ash. Many impurities can be added into other coking inhibitors, the coking inhibitor has simple components, and reactants and products are beneficial to improving the efficiency of subsequent decoking.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator, which is characterized in that magnesium oxide and metal carbonate are added into stirring equipment and uniformly mixed.
The invention also provides application of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator, and the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is added into the hazardous waste incinerator.
In the application of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator, the dosage of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is 5-8 per mill of the total incineration amount of the hazardous waste. The conveying amount of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is understood to be 5-8 per mill of the total amount of hazardous waste incineration in the same day.
The application of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is specifically that after the incinerator is started, the hazardous waste is pushed into the rotary kiln, the hazardous waste passes through a drying section, a volatile matter separation section and an incineration section in the rotary kiln in sequence, then the material is incinerated at high temperature through a burnout section of the secondary combustion chamber, after the volume of the hazardous waste is reduced, the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is pneumatically conveyed to the tail part of the rotary kiln, a grate, a necking of the secondary combustion chamber and a horizontal flue, and after the incineration is finished and the incinerator is stopped, the conveying is stopped. In the rotary kiln, a small part of unburned incineration residues turn over from the kiln tail and fall onto a grate at the lower part of a secondary combustion chamber, the incineration residues move on the grate and are incinerated, and the residues are discharged continuously by a water-cooling slag discharging and magnetic separator system after being burned out, so that the heat rate of decrease is ensured to be lower than 5%. Flue gas generated by burning waste materials in the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber, is fully combusted under the action of secondary air with enough rigidity and tangential rotation, and the retention time of the flue gas in a temperature zone above 1100 ℃ in the secondary combustion chamber is ensured to be more than or equal to 2.5s so as to oxidize and decompose various organic matters and control the generation of dioxin; high-temperature flue gas generated by the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler through the horizontal flue to recover energy. When the fire grate is added with the coking inhibitor, the inhibitor is blown to the fire grate through the exhaust air of the furnace and is uniformly distributed. The melting point of the fly ash generated by burning is improved by continuously conveying the coking inhibitor, the quantity of the fly ash melted at high temperature which is adhered to the tail part of the rotary kiln, the grate, the throat of the secondary combustion chamber, the side wall of the horizontal flue and the heated surface is reduced to a certain extent, so that the coking rate of the burning furnace is reduced, and the generated carbon dioxide destroys the compact structure of the coke block to form a porous fragile structure, so that the coke block is loose and is in a sandwich shape, the coke cleaning is time-saving and labor-saving, and the influence on equipment and refractory materials is small.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is used by matching magnesium oxide and metal carbonate in a specific ratio to generate a synergistic effect, so that the coking probability of the incinerator is greatly reduced, and the decoking difficulty is reduced. Simple magnesium oxide and metal carbonate components contribute to controlling safety during incineration, avoiding the risks of complex components, explosion and the like.
2. The special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator uses light-burned magnesium oxide with low price as a main raw material, does not release toxic or harmful gas at high temperature, is green and environment-friendly, meets the development requirements of the current green industry, and greatly reduces the enterprise cost.
3. The special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is continuously used on the hazardous waste incinerator, the coking amount in the incinerator is obviously reduced, the coke blocks are loose, the decoking is simple and labor-saving, and the protection effect on equipment and refractory materials is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the incineration process of a hazardous waste incinerator according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the incineration process of the hazardous waste incinerator, in which hazardous waste is pushed into a rotary kiln for incineration, a small part of unburned incineration residues in the rotary kiln is turned over from the kiln tail and falls onto a grate at the lower part of a secondary combustion chamber, the incineration is carried out while moving on the grate, and the residues are continuously discharged by a water-cooled slag discharging and magnetic separator system after being burnt out. Flue gas generated by burning waste materials in the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber to oxidize and decompose various organic matters and control the generation of dioxin, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the secondary combustion chamber enters a waste heat boiler through a horizontal flue to recover energy.
Examples 1 to 6:
adding magnesium oxide and basic magnesium carbonate into stirring equipment according to the proportion shown in the table 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator.
After the incinerator is started, the waste is pushed into the rotary kiln, the waste sequentially passes through a drying section, a volatile matter separation section and an incineration section in the rotary kiln, the material is incinerated at high temperature through the three sections and a burnout section of the secondary combustion chamber, the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is pneumatically conveyed to the tail part of the rotary kiln, a grate, a reducing port of the secondary combustion chamber and a horizontal flue after the volume of the waste is reduced, and when the coking inhibitor is added to the grate, the inhibitor is blown to the grate through furnace exhaust air and is uniformly distributed. And after the incineration is finished and the furnace is stopped, the conveying is stopped, and the daily conveying amount of the special coking inhibitor for the dangerous waste incinerator is about 5 per mill of the total incineration amount of the dangerous waste on the same day.
And observing the coking conditions of the incinerator grate and the rotary kiln tail after continuously using the inhibitor for 15 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively.
Table 1: EXAMPLES 1-6 coking inhibitor component ratios and costs thereof
Examples 7 to 12:
the only difference from examples 1 to 6 is that basic magnesium carbonate is replaced by sodium carbonate.
Examples 13 to 18:
the only difference from examples 1-6 is that basic magnesium carbonate was replaced with sodium bicarbonate.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is only that no coking inhibitor is added during the incineration of the incinerator. Table 2: observation results of grate and rotary kiln tail coke layer after 15 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days of coking
From examples 1-6, it can be seen that the cost of the coking inhibitor specially used for the hazardous waste incinerator is higher and higher with the increase of the content of the metal carbonate, and after the actual incineration, the higher the content of the metal carbonate is, the better the inhibiting effect of the inhibitor is. However, when the carbonate content is higher than 10%, the suppression effect is slowly increased far below the expectation, and the cost is higher as the metal carbonate is increased.
As can be seen from Table 2, with the increase of the coking time of the incinerator, the thickening speed of the coke layer in the incinerator is obviously reduced after the coking inhibitor of the invention is added, pores are formed in the coking process, so that the coked coke blocks are loosened, the final decoking is simple and labor-saving, and the effect on protecting equipment and refractory materials is obvious. The invention uses the light-burned magnesia with low price as the main raw material, does not release toxic and harmful gases at high temperature, not only is green and environment-friendly and meets the development requirements of the current green industry, but also greatly reduces the enterprise cost.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A special coking inhibitor for a hazardous waste incinerator is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 70-95% of magnesium oxide and 5-30% of metal carbonate.
2. The coking inhibitor for hazardous waste incinerators as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal carbonate comprises one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate.
3. The coking inhibitor specially for hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that said magnesium carbonate is basic magnesium carbonate.
4. A preparation method of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnesium oxide and the metal carbonate are added into a stirring device and mixed evenly.
5. The application of the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after the incinerator is started, the hazardous waste is pushed into the rotary kiln, the hazardous waste passes through the drying section, the volatile component separation section and the incineration section in the rotary kiln in sequence, then the materials are incinerated at high temperature through the burnout section of the secondary combustion chamber, after the volume of the hazardous waste is reduced, the special coking inhibitor for the hazardous waste incinerator is pneumatically conveyed to the tail part of the rotary kiln, the fire grate, the reducing port of the secondary combustion chamber and the horizontal flue, and after the incineration is finished and the incinerator is stopped, the conveying is stopped.
6. The use of the coking inhibitor specially used for the hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the daily conveying amount of the coking inhibitor specially used for the hazardous waste incinerator is 5-8 per mill of the total hazardous waste incineration amount in the same day.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010332372.XA CN111548840A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Special coking inhibitor for hazardous waste incinerator and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN202010332372.XA CN111548840A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Special coking inhibitor for hazardous waste incinerator and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112879918A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-01 | 云南大地丰源环保有限公司 | Method for inhibiting coking of hazardous waste rotary kiln |
| CN114456865A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 上海化学工业区升达废料处理有限公司 | Anti-coking agent for hazardous waste incineration and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101775324A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-07-14 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Biomass solid formed fuel anti-slagging additive and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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| CN101348743A (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2009-01-21 | 陈宏谋 | Coal-saving devulcanized coke cleaning clean synergistic agent and preparation technique thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112879918A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-01 | 云南大地丰源环保有限公司 | Method for inhibiting coking of hazardous waste rotary kiln |
| CN114456865A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 上海化学工业区升达废料处理有限公司 | Anti-coking agent for hazardous waste incineration and preparation method thereof |
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