CN111546197A - Special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment and polishing method for fatigue test sample - Google Patents
Special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment and polishing method for fatigue test sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN111546197A CN111546197A CN202010259180.0A CN202010259180A CN111546197A CN 111546197 A CN111546197 A CN 111546197A CN 202010259180 A CN202010259180 A CN 202010259180A CN 111546197 A CN111546197 A CN 111546197A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/16—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding other surfaces of particular shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/18—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/18—Accessories
- B24B21/20—Accessories for controlling or adjusting the tracking or the tension of the grinding belt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
- B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special numerical control longitudinal polishing device and a polishing method for a sample for fatigue test, belonging to the technical field of polishing devices, and comprising a lathe bed, a control system, a lathe head component, a tailstock component and a polishing head component, wherein the lathe head component, the tailstock component and the polishing head component are all arranged on the lathe bed, are electrically connected with the control system and drive the sample clamped between the lathe head component and the tailstock component to rotate through the lathe head component; the polishing head assembly comprises a numerical control cross sliding table and a polishing head arranged on the numerical control cross sliding table, the numerical control cross sliding table drives the polishing head to move along the X direction and/or the Y direction and vertically polish the rotating sample through the polishing head, so that the axial polishing requirement of low-stress processing of the sample for fatigue testing is met, the sample processing efficiency is improved, and the labor productivity is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing equipment, and particularly relates to special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment and a polishing method for a sample for fatigue testing.
Background
The preparation of the sample plays a very important role in the fatigue performance test of material mechanics, the quality of the surface quality of the processed sample directly relates to the accuracy and reliability of test data, and particularly, the research and development of blades of gas turbines and aero-engines have higher requirements on the processing of the fatigue sample, a low-stress processing procedure is required, the residual stress of the surface of the sample is controlled, so that the test sample is in a low-stress state within a specified range, the radial processing trace of the sample for fatigue test is eliminated, and the surface of the sample is observed to have no transverse scratches under a 20-time magnifying lens.
Although the traditional grinding technology can also obtain the precision and the surface roughness of a sample, the problems of serious damage to the surface integrity of a component, reduction of the fatigue strength or the fatigue life of the component and the like, such as grinding cracks, surface burns, surface high stress states and the like frequently occur in actual production, and the accuracy of fatigue test data is influenced.
The manual sand paper polishing or the handheld sand belt polishing machine has low polishing efficiency, the force application amount varies from person to person, the uneven surface polishing phenomenon can also occur to the same grinder, the transverse grains can also be removed incompletely, the processing quality is unstable, and the like. The hand-held abrasive belt polishing machine or the numerical control abrasive belt grinding machine adopts contact wheel type abrasive belt grinding, presses the abrasive belt to contact the surface of the sample through the contact wheel, and polishes the surface of the sample, so that the contact wheel type abrasive belt polishing machine is suitable for cylindrical grinding with large grinding depth and general processing precision. And limited by the size of the contact wheel, certain sample transition arcs with very small sizes cannot participate in grinding. It is therefore difficult for these methods to provide reliable test data for design and product quality assurance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a numerical control longitudinal polishing apparatus and a polishing method for a sample for fatigue testing, so as to meet the axial polishing requirement of low stress processing of the sample for fatigue testing, and further achieve the purposes of improving the sample processing efficiency and greatly improving the labor productivity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for a sample for fatigue testing comprises a lathe bed, and further comprises a control system, a lathe head assembly, a tailstock assembly and a polishing head assembly, wherein the lathe head assembly, the tailstock assembly and the polishing head assembly are all arranged on the lathe bed, are electrically connected with the control system and drive the sample clamped between the lathe head assembly and the tailstock assembly to rotate through the lathe head assembly; the polishing head assembly comprises a numerical control cross sliding table and a polishing head arranged on the numerical control cross sliding table, the numerical control cross sliding table drives the polishing head to move along the X direction and/or the Y direction, and the rotating sample is longitudinally polished through the polishing head. The workpiece clamping and jacking of different sizes and specifications can be realized through the matching of the head assembly and the tail seat assembly, and the sample can be longitudinally polished under the movement of the polishing head.
Furthermore, the equipment also comprises a protective cover shell and a chip cleaner arranged on the protective cover shell, wherein the protective cover shell covers the outside of the machine body, and the control system is arranged on the outer wall of the protective cover shell, so that the head assembly, the tail seat assembly, the polishing head assembly and the machine body which participate in polishing operation are all sealed in the protective cover shell of the equipment, and reliable guarantee is provided for the working environment; the chip cleaner is electrically connected with the control system and controls the chip cleaner to automatically remove chips.
Furthermore, the polishing head comprises an abrasive belt and a support, wherein the support is provided with an abrasive belt driving wheel and a plurality of abrasive belt guide wheels, the abrasive belt is wound on the abrasive belt driving wheel and each abrasive belt guide wheel, and the abrasive belt driving wheel is provided with a driving machine for driving the abrasive belt driving wheel to rotate; the bracket is provided with a polishing notch and is polished by an abrasive belt which stretches across the polishing notch. The polishing head arrangement mode of free abrasive belt polishing is adopted, a sample is directly contacted with a flexible abrasive belt, no object is used for supporting the abrasive belt, the sample is ground or polished by utilizing the flexibility of the sample after being supported by the abrasive belt, and the mode is easily adapted to the outline of the sample in a certain range, particularly to workpieces in irregular shapes. In practice, the method is mainly used for processing external forming surfaces and working procedures of chamfering, deburring, polishing and the like, can polish the arc size of any arc transition section in a sample, has small cutting amount, good surface quality and low roughness, and is very suitable for polishing processing, in particular to processing high-temperature blade samples of gas turbines and aircraft engines with high requirements on surface quality.
Furthermore, the polishing head also comprises a double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat arranged on the bracket, a sliding frame is arranged on the double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat, an abrasive belt tensioning wheel is arranged on the sliding frame, and the tightness of the abrasive belt is adjusted through the abrasive belt tensioning wheel; the double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat is connected with air pressure to move, the tension of the abrasive belt is controlled by the air pressure, the abrasive belt is in floating contact with the sample, and the purposes of shape-following constant-pressure grinding and low-stress processing of the sample are achieved.
Furthermore, the numerical control cross sliding table comprises an X-direction sliding table and a Y-direction sliding table, the Y-direction sliding table is arranged on the X-direction sliding table in a sliding manner, and a driving piece for driving the Y-direction sliding sleeve to slide is arranged on the X-direction sliding table in a matching manner; y is equipped with to sliding on the slip table the support and Y sets the gliding driving piece of drive support to the slip table to ensure that the rubbing head can fully contact with the surface of sample in the polishing process through the motion of numerical control cross slip table.
Further, the head of a bed subassembly includes the head of a bed supporting seat and locates the pneumatic three-jaw chuck on this head of a bed supporting seat, the pneumatic three-jaw chuck sets and drives its pivoted driver to carry out the centre gripping and drive the sample through the pneumatic three-jaw chuck and carry out low-speed rotation to the sample.
Further, the tailstock subassembly includes sharp slip table and locates the tailstock supporting seat on this sharp slip table, it is provided with top to rotate on the tailstock supporting seat, and top set and drive its orientation the gliding cylinder of head of a bed subassembly, cylinder pressure control puller force keeps the work piece to be in the rotation motion of puller state and top not influence the sample all the time. Because the centre can freely rotate, the sample is tightly propped and can synchronously rotate at a low speed along with the pneumatic three-jaw chuck in the head assembly during polishing operation.
Furthermore, a sliding shaft is arranged in the tailstock supporting seat in a sliding mode, one end of the sliding shaft is rotatably connected with the tip, and the other end of the sliding shaft is connected with a piston rod of the air cylinder through a connecting shaft; the tailstock supporting seat is provided with a guide key, a guide key groove correspondingly matched with the guide key is formed in the sliding shaft along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft, and the tip can be ensured to rotate freely under the action of the sliding shaft; on the other hand, the driving tip is moved in the direction of the guide key and abuts against the end surface of the sample.
Further, the linear sliding table comprises a linear guide rail and a sliding plate arranged on the linear guide rail in a sliding mode, and the sliding plate is provided with a driving assembly for driving the sliding plate to slide, so that the tip in the tailstock assembly is adjusted to be close to the end position of the sample through the linear sliding table.
The invention also discloses a special numerical control longitudinal polishing method for the sample for the fatigue test, which is suitable for the special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment for the sample for the fatigue test, and comprises the following steps:
(1) loosening a pneumatic three-jaw chuck in the head assembly, and loading a sample to be polished;
(2) adjusting the tailstock assembly to enable the tip of the tailstock assembly to move, and supplying gas to a cylinder in the tailstock assembly when the tip is close to the end face of the sample to drive the tip to tightly press the sample;
(3) starting a numerical control program instruction of a control system, starting a numerical control cross sliding table to move through the numerical control instruction so as to adjust the polishing head to be in full contact with the surface of the sample, starting a bed head assembly to enable the sample to rotate at a low speed, and starting the numerical control cross sliding table to enable the polishing head to move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sample until the polishing is uniform;
when the polishing head passes through the arc transition surface in the middle of the sample, the control system enables the polishing head to move along the arc transition surface along the shape through the arc interpolation function so as to keep the polishing head to be fully contacted with the surface of the sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment and the polishing method for the sample for the fatigue test, which are disclosed by the invention, which drives the polishing head to move in the X, Y direction by the rotation of the main shaft of the head assembly and the numerical control cross sliding table, meanwhile, the control system adopts numerical control, can realize four-axis linkage control and accurate position and speed control, has the function of processing a circular interpolation curved surface, realizes accurate axial polishing of a sample working surface including a circular transition section surface, has good surface quality consistency, changes the traditional manual polishing mode, realizes automatic production of samples, improves the sample processing efficiency, greatly improves the labor productivity, realizes low-stress processing, effectively controls the residual stress on the sample surface, the method has important significance for the reliability and stability of the fatigue test result of the fatigue test sample, particularly the material of the gas turbine and the aeroengine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a specimen to be polished;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the numerical control longitudinal polishing apparatus for a fatigue test specimen according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a head assembly of the numerically controlled longitudinal polishing apparatus for a fatigue test specimen according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tailstock assembly in the numerical control longitudinal polishing device dedicated for the sample for fatigue testing provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a tailstock assembly in the numerical control longitudinal polishing apparatus dedicated for the test sample for fatigue testing provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a polishing head assembly in the numerical control longitudinal polishing apparatus for a fatigue test specimen provided by the present invention;
the drawings illustrate the following:
100-bed head component, 200-polishing head component, 300-tailstock component, 400-control system, 500-chip cleaner, 600-bed body, 700-protective cover shell, 001-sample, 101-first servo motor, 102-first reducer, 103-bed head supporting seat, 104-pneumatic three-jaw chuck, 201-first belt guiding wheel, 202-abrasive belt, 203-second belt guiding wheel, 204-abrasive belt tensioning wheel, 205-sliding frame, 206-double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat, 207-bracket, 208-second servo motor, 209-second reducer, 210-abrasive belt driving wheel, 211-numerical control cross sliding table, 301-tip, 302-tailstock supporting seat, 303-cylinder, 304-trapezoidal lead screw, 305-sliding plate, 306-lead screw seat, 307-hand wheel, 308-linear guide rail, 309-dustproof ring, 310-fixing screw, 311-guide key, 312-sliding shaft, 313-connecting shaft, 314-screw and 315-end plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of the orientation or the positional relationship is based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or the positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those skilled in the art; the drawings in the embodiments are used for clearly and completely describing the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the invention, but not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a numerical control longitudinal polishing device dedicated for a fatigue test specimen 001 is specifically provided, which is used for axially polishing (also longitudinal polishing) the surface of the fatigue test specimen 001, and any section of the specimen 001 has a circular shape, as shown in fig. 1. This kind of special numerical control of sample 001 is vertically polished in fatigue test equipment includes lathe bed 600, as shown in fig. 2, still includes control system 400, head of a bed subassembly 100, tailstock subassembly 300 and polishing head subassembly 200 all fixed set up in the plane of lathe bed 600 and the three all with control system 400 electricity is connected to through the sample 001 rotation of head of a bed subassembly 100 drive centre gripping between head of a bed subassembly 100 and tailstock subassembly 300, head of a bed subassembly 100 and tailstock subassembly 300 can realize the sample 001 centre gripping and the top tight to different dimensions. The polishing head assembly 200 comprises a numerical control cross sliding table 211 and a polishing head arranged on the numerical control cross sliding table 211, wherein the numerical control cross sliding table 211 drives the polishing head to move along the X direction and/or the Y direction and vertically polish the rotating sample 001 through the polishing head. The control system 400 adopts a Siemens 828D four-axis linkage numerical control system, and has friendly user interface and automatic programming function of a machining program: the size and the material of each part of the part are input, the processing program is automatically programmed, and the polishing technological parameters are automatically selected, so that the functions of position and speed accurate control and arc interpolation curved surface processing are realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus further comprises a protective cover 700 and a chip cleaner 500 arranged on the protective cover 700, wherein the protective cover 700 covers the outside of the machine body 600, and the control system 400 is arranged on the outer wall of the protective cover 700; the chip cleaner 500 is electrically connected with the control system 400 and controls the chip cleaner 500 to automatically discharge chips so as to timely discharge abrasive chips generated by the polishing head during polishing. The parts participating in the polishing operation, including the head assembly 100, the tail seat assembly 300, the polishing head assembly 200 and the lathe bed 600, are sealed in the protective housing 700 of the equipment, a cooling system is further arranged in the protective housing 700 to realize the grinding and polishing of a wet abrasive belt, the heating of the workpiece can be reduced by adopting the wet abrasive belt for grinding, the thermal burn is avoided, the thermal stress is reduced, the surface quality of the workpiece is improved, and the reliability and the stability of the test result of the sample 001 are ensured.
As shown in fig. 6, the polishing head includes a polishing belt 202 and a support 207, the support 207 is provided with a polishing belt driving wheel 210, a first polishing belt guiding wheel 105 and a second polishing belt guiding wheel 203, the polishing belt 202 is wound around the polishing belt driving wheel 210 and each polishing belt guiding wheel, and the polishing belt driving wheel 210 is provided with a driving machine for driving the polishing belt to rotate, the driving machine includes a second servo motor 208 and a second reducer 209, and is connected with the polishing belt driving wheel 210 through the second reducer 209, so that the polishing belt can move under the rotation action of the polishing belt driving wheel 210; the bracket 207 is provided with a polishing notch and is polished by the abrasive belt 202 which stretches across the polishing notch, and when the sample 001 is polished, the polishing notch should be aligned with the sample 001, so that the abrasive belt above the polishing notch can fully contact the sample 001 and polish the sample 001.
In order to adjust the tension of the abrasive belt, as shown in fig. 6, the polishing head further includes a dual-guide-rod pneumatic slide 206 disposed on the bracket 207, the dual-guide-rod pneumatic slide 206 is provided with a slide frame 205, the slide frame 205 is provided with an abrasive belt tension pulley 204, and the tension of the abrasive belt 202 is adjusted by the abrasive belt tension pulley 204. Specifically, a double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat 206 is fixed on a support 207, a sliding plate on the double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat 206 is connected with a sliding frame 205, an abrasive belt tensioning wheel 204 is assembled on the sliding frame 205, the double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat 206 pushes the abrasive belt tensioning wheel 204 under the action of air pressure to tension an abrasive belt with constant force, and the air pressure can be adjusted steplessly by a pressure adjusting valve, so that a test part (part with polishing) of a sample 001 can be kept in a low-stress state in the machining process, and the precise low-stress machining of the sample 001 is realized. On the other hand, the tensioning and the loosening of the belt tensioning wheel 204 can be realized by adjusting the air inlet and outlet states of the double-guide-rod pneumatic sliding seat 206, so that the belt can be conveniently replaced. The work-up of the polishing head assembly 200 is as follows: the abrasive belt driving wheel 210 is driven to rotate by the second servo motor 208 and the second speed reducer 209, the abrasive belt circularly moves at a constant speed under the combined action of the first abrasive belt guide wheel 105, the second abrasive belt guide wheel 203, the abrasive belt tension wheel 204 and the abrasive belt driving wheel 210, the control system 400 drives the numerical control cross sliding table 211 to move, and the numerical control cross sliding table 211 drives the support 207 and the whole polishing head to move in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, so that the surface longitudinal polishing of the sample 001 is realized.
In this embodiment, the numerical control cross sliding table 211 is designed in the following manner, as shown in fig. 6, the numerical control cross sliding table 211 includes an X-direction sliding table and a Y-direction sliding table, the Y-direction sliding table is slidably disposed on the X-direction sliding table, and the X-direction sliding table is provided with a driving element for driving the Y-direction sliding sleeve to slide; the support 207 is arranged on the Y-direction sliding table in a sliding mode, and a driving piece for driving the support 207 to slide is arranged on the Y-direction sliding table in a matched mode. The driving member may be an electric screw rod, an electric belt, etc., as long as it can drive the Y-direction sliding table and the bracket 207 to move.
As shown in fig. 3, the head assembly 100 includes a head support base 103 and a pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 disposed on the head support base 103, the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 is provided with a driving machine for driving the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 to rotate, the driving machine includes a first servo motor 101 and a first speed reducer 102, and the first speed reducer 102 drives the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 to rotate. The pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 clamps the sample 001 rapidly under the action of air pressure, and the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 drives the sample 001 to rotate and perform indexing motion under the driving of the first servo motor 101 and the first speed reducer 102.
As shown in fig. 4, the tailstock assembly 300 includes a linear sliding table and a tailstock supporting seat 302 arranged on the linear sliding table, an apex 301 is rotatably arranged on the tailstock supporting seat 302, and the apex 301 is provided with a cylinder 303 for driving the apex 301 to slide towards the head assembly 100; as shown in fig. 5, the tailstock support 302 is provided with an assembly hole, a sliding shaft 312 is slidably disposed in the assembly hole, a dust ring 309 is disposed between the sliding shaft 312 and the assembly hole, one end of the sliding shaft 312 is rotatably connected with the tip 301, the other end of the sliding shaft 312 is connected with a piston rod of the cylinder 303 through a connecting shaft 313, the cylinder 303 is fixed on an end plate 315, and the end plate 315 is fixed on the tailstock support 302 through a screw 314; the tailstock supporting seat 302 is provided with a guide key 311, the guide key 311 is locked and fixed through a fixing screw 310, a guide key groove correspondingly matched with the guide key 311 is formed in the sliding shaft 312 along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft, and the sliding shaft 312 can be guided to move under the matching of the guide key 311 and the guide key groove; the linear sliding table comprises a linear guide rail 308 and a sliding plate 305 arranged on the linear guide rail 308 in a sliding mode, the sliding plate 305 is provided with a driving assembly for driving the sliding plate to slide, the driving assembly comprises a trapezoidal screw 304, a screw seat 306, a hand wheel 307 and a linear guide rail 308, a screw nut pair is formed by the trapezoidal screw 304 and the screw seat 306, linear movement of the tailstock supporting seat 302 is achieved by shaking the hand wheel 307 or motor driving, and further the top 301 is driven to linearly move so as to meet the clamping requirements of samples 001 with different lengths and sizes.
When the tailstock assembly 300 works, the tip 301 can freely rotate, when polishing works, the tip 301 pushes against the sample 001 and synchronously rotates at a low speed along with the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 in the head assembly 100, the tip 301 is connected with the sliding shaft 312, the guide key 311 is used for guiding the linear movement of the sliding shaft 312 to prevent the sliding shaft 312 from rotating, and the air cylinder 303 pushes the sliding shaft 312 to linearly move to drive the tip 301 to push against the sample 001.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the present embodiment also discloses a method for numerically controlling and longitudinally polishing a fatigue test specimen 001, which is applied to the apparatus for numerically controlling and longitudinally polishing a fatigue test specimen 001 in embodiment 1, and includes:
(1) loosening the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 in the headstock assembly 100, loading a sample 001 to be polished, and opening an air valve of the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 104 to clamp the sample 001;
(2) manually or automatically adjusting the tailstock assembly 300 through the linear sliding table to enable the tip 301 of the tailstock assembly 300 to move, when the tip 301 is close to the end face of the sample 001 for a certain distance, supplying gas to a cylinder 303 in the tailstock assembly 300, and driving the tip 301 to tightly press the sample 001 under the action of the cylinder 303;
(3) starting a numerical control program instruction of the control system 400, starting the numerical control cross sliding table 211 to move through the numerical control instruction so as to adjust the polishing head to be in full contact with the surface of the sample 001, starting the first servo motor 101 in the head assembly 100 to enable the sample 001 to rotate at a low speed, and starting the numerical control cross sliding table 211 to move along the X direction and the Y direction so as to enable the polishing head to be in full contact with a test and then to do reciprocating motion along the longitudinal direction of the sample 001 until the polishing is uniform; in the method, the X direction is defined as the moving direction of the abrasive belt towards the surface of the sample 001, and the Y direction is defined as the moving direction of the abrasive belt along the axial direction of the sample 001;
when the polishing head passes through the arc transition surface in the middle of the sample 001, the control system 400 enables the polishing head to move along the arc transition surface along the shape through the arc interpolation function so as to keep the polishing head in full contact with the surface of the sample 001.
In the actual polishing by adopting the polishing method, the polishing process parameters are as follows: the diameter range of a sample 001 capable of being polished is 10-80 mm, the length range of the sample 001 capable of being polished is 50-200 mm, the circulating moving speed of a polishing abrasive belt is 0-2 m/min, the rotating speed of the sample 001 is 0-6 r/min, the longitudinal reciprocating moving speed of a polishing head during axial polishing is 0-15 m/min, the pressing force of the abrasive belt is 5N-20N, and the granularity of the abrasive belt is 800-1200 meshes.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the sample for the fatigue test comprises a lathe bed and is characterized by further comprising a control system, a lathe head assembly, a tailstock assembly and a polishing head assembly, wherein the lathe head assembly, the tailstock assembly and the polishing head assembly are all arranged on the lathe bed, are electrically connected with the control system and drive the sample clamped between the lathe head assembly and the tailstock assembly to rotate through the lathe head assembly; the polishing head assembly comprises a numerical control cross sliding table and a polishing head arranged on the numerical control cross sliding table, the numerical control cross sliding table drives the polishing head to move along the X direction and/or the Y direction, and the rotating sample is longitudinally polished through the polishing head.
2. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the test sample for the fatigue test according to claim 1, further comprising a protective cover shell and a chip cleaner arranged on the protective cover shell, wherein the protective cover shell covers the outside of the lathe bed, and the control system is arranged on the outer wall of the protective cover shell; the chip cleaner is electrically connected with the control system and controls the chip cleaner to automatically remove chips through the control system.
3. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the test sample for the fatigue test according to claim 1, wherein the polishing head comprises an abrasive belt and a support, the support is provided with an abrasive belt driving wheel and a plurality of abrasive belt guide wheels, the abrasive belt is wound on the abrasive belt driving wheel and each abrasive belt guide wheel, and the abrasive belt driving wheel is provided with a driving machine for driving the abrasive belt driving wheel to rotate; the bracket is provided with a polishing notch and is polished by an abrasive belt which stretches across the polishing notch.
4. The special numerically-controlled longitudinal polishing device for the fatigue test specimen according to claim 3, wherein the polishing head further comprises a double-guide-rod pneumatic slide arranged on the support, the double-guide-rod pneumatic slide is provided with a sliding frame, the sliding frame is provided with an abrasive belt tension wheel, and the tightness of the abrasive belt is adjusted through the abrasive belt tension wheel.
5. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the test sample for the fatigue test, according to claim 3, wherein the numerical control cross sliding table comprises an X-direction sliding table and a Y-direction sliding table, the Y-direction sliding table is arranged on the X-direction sliding table in a sliding manner, and a driving piece for driving the Y-direction sliding sleeve to slide is arranged on the X-direction sliding table in a matched manner; y is equipped with to sliding on the slip table the support and Y set the gliding driving piece of drive support to the slip table.
6. The special numerically-controlled longitudinal polishing device for the fatigue test specimen, as recited in claim 1, wherein the headstock assembly comprises a headstock support and a pneumatic three-jaw chuck disposed on the headstock support, and the pneumatic three-jaw chuck is provided with a driving machine for driving the pneumatic three-jaw chuck to rotate.
7. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the test sample for the fatigue test as recited in claim 6, wherein the tailstock assembly comprises a linear sliding table and a tailstock supporting seat arranged on the linear sliding table, an apex is rotatably arranged on the tailstock supporting seat, the apex and the pneumatic three-jaw chuck are positioned on the same central axis, and the apex is provided with a cylinder for driving the apex to slide towards the head assembly.
8. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the test sample for the fatigue test as recited in claim 7, wherein a sliding shaft is slidably disposed in the tailstock supporting seat, one end of the sliding shaft is rotatably connected with the center, and the other end of the sliding shaft is connected with the piston rod of the cylinder through a connecting shaft; the tailstock supporting seat is provided with a guide key, and a guide key groove correspondingly matched with the guide key is formed in the sliding shaft along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft.
9. The special numerical control longitudinal polishing device for the fatigue test specimen according to claim 7, wherein the linear sliding table comprises a linear guide rail and a sliding plate slidably arranged on the linear guide rail, and the sliding plate is provided with a driving assembly for driving the sliding plate to slide.
10. A method for numerically controlling longitudinal polishing of a fatigue test specimen, which is applied to the apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, comprising:
(1) loosening a pneumatic three-jaw chuck in the head assembly, and loading a sample to be polished;
(2) adjusting the tailstock assembly to enable the tip of the tailstock assembly to move, and supplying gas to a cylinder in the tailstock assembly when the tip is close to the end face of the sample to drive the tip to tightly press the sample;
(3) starting a numerical control program instruction of a control system, starting a numerical control cross sliding table to move through the numerical control instruction so as to adjust the polishing head to be in full contact with the surface of the sample, starting a bed head assembly to enable the sample to rotate at a low speed, and starting the numerical control cross sliding table to enable the polishing head to move back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the sample until the polishing is uniform;
when the polishing head passes through the arc transition surface in the middle of the sample, the control system enables the polishing head to move along the arc transition surface along the shape through the arc interpolation function so as to keep the polishing head to be fully contacted with the surface of the sample.
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| CN202010259180.0A CN111546197A (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2020-04-03 | Special numerical control longitudinal polishing equipment and polishing method for fatigue test sample |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |