CN111545649A - Metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating - Google Patents
Metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN111545649A CN111545649A CN202010391055.5A CN202010391055A CN111545649A CN 111545649 A CN111545649 A CN 111545649A CN 202010391055 A CN202010391055 A CN 202010391055A CN 111545649 A CN111545649 A CN 111545649A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating, which comprises the following steps: the non-insulated parts at the two ends of the metal piece are respectively connected with a first electrode and a second electrode; connecting the first electrode to one end of a power supply, and connecting the second electrode to the other end of the power supply; turning on the power supply to enable the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece to form a closed loop, and enabling the metal piece to be self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode; and (4) closing the die to deform the metal piece, so as to obtain a metal forming piece. The method can effectively improve the quality of the metal forming piece and simplify the process flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic forming, in particular to a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating.
Background
The metal hot forming process is mainly characterized in that the temperature of a metal forming piece is increased to a certain temperature through the modes of environment heating, resistance wire heating or self-resistance heating and the like, and then forming force is applied to enable the metal forming piece to generate plastic deformation. However, the existing hot forming process has the defects that the metal surface has an oxidation phenomenon because the workpiece needs to be heated to a higher temperature in advance, and the forming equipment is complex and the forming quality is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating, which effectively improves the forming quality and simplifies the process flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating comprises the following steps:
the non-insulated parts at the two ends of the metal piece are respectively connected with a first electrode and a second electrode;
connecting the first electrode to one end of a power supply, and connecting the second electrode to the other end of the power supply;
turning on the power supply to enable the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece to form a closed loop, and enabling the metal piece to be self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode;
and closing the die to deform the metal piece to obtain a metal forming piece.
Optionally, before turning on the power supply to form a closed loop by the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, the method further includes:
and adjusting the output parameters of the power supply, and adjusting the heating time and the heating current of the metal piece.
Optionally, the closing the mold to deform the metal piece to obtain a metal forming piece includes:
and adjusting the forming pressure of the die, and closing the die by using a power device to deform the metal piece to obtain a metal forming piece.
Optionally, before turning on the power supply to form a closed loop by the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, the method further includes:
and carrying out insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece.
Optionally, before turning on the power supply to form a closed loop by the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, the method further includes:
and carrying out heat insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece.
Optionally, the metal plastic forming method further comprises:
after the metal piece deforms, carrying out heat preservation, cooling and pressure maintaining on the metal forming piece;
the mold is unloaded and the metal form is removed.
Optionally, the mold is a female mold and/or a male mold.
Optionally, the power device is a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a mechanical screw loading or a multi-link mechanism press.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating, which is a novel plastic forming process for metal materials, carries out rapid self-resistance heating on a metal piece with electric conduction capability, heats the processed metal piece in the forming process, realizes rapid plastic forming of the metal, and has the characteristics of small resilience, high forming efficiency, greenness and energy conservation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forming metal plastic based on self-resistance heating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dual mold forming structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single mold forming structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a dual-mold metal plastic forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating, which effectively improves the forming quality and simplifies the process flow.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the metal plastic forming method according to the present invention includes:
and S101, respectively connecting a first electrode and a second electrode at non-insulated parts at two ends of the metal piece. Specifically, the conductive part of the metal piece is reserved according to the structural characteristics of a target piece, namely a metal forming piece, and the conductive part is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode to meet the characteristics of easiness in clamping and small contact resistance.
And S102, connecting the first electrode to one end of a power supply, and connecting the second electrode to the other end of the power supply.
S103, turning on the power supply to enable the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece to form a closed loop, and enabling the metal piece to be self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode.
And S104, closing the die to deform the metal piece, so as to obtain a metal forming piece.
As an alternative embodiment, before the turning on the power supply to form a closed loop by the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal member and to self-heat the metal member by the first electrode and the second electrode, the present invention further includes: and adjusting the output parameters of the power supply, and adjusting the heating time and the heating current of the metal piece.
Specifically, the power supply can select various loading modes as required, including but not limited to unidirectional pulsed direct current, bidirectional pulsed direct current, and alternating current power supply. And selecting a reasonable current mode and related parameters according to the material properties and the metal workpiece. The output parameters include, but are not limited to, load current type, voltage value, heating time. The heating time is determined according to the electroheating parameters of the material and the selected loading mode, and the heating time is generally within 30S.
The invention relates to a method for closing a die to deform a metal piece to obtain a metal forming piece, which specifically comprises the following steps: and adjusting the forming pressure of the die, and utilizing a power device to clamp the die so as to deform the metal piece and obtain a metal forming piece.
As an alternative embodiment, before turning on the power supply to form a closed loop with the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal member and self-heating the metal member by the first electrode and the second electrode, the present invention further includes:
and carrying out insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece. Specifically, in the first method, a first insulating substance is sprayed on the surface of the metal part, and the first insulating substance may be an insulating varnish or an insulating paint, but is not limited thereto. In the second method, a second insulating substance is added between the metal piece and the mold, and the second insulating substance may be a flexible insulating material such as an insulating cloth, but is not limited thereto. And the third method directly adopts the insulation materials such as cement, ceramics and the like to manufacture the mould. The insulation treatment is performed by at least one of the three methods.
As an alternative embodiment, before turning on the power supply to form a closed loop with the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal member and self-heating the metal member by the first electrode and the second electrode, the present invention further includes:
and carrying out heat insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece. Specifically, according to the first method, a high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating coating is added on the surface of a metal piece. And secondly, adding a high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating coating on the surface of the die. And thirdly, manufacturing a mold by adopting a high-temperature resistant material. And carrying out heat insulation treatment by adopting at least one of the three methods.
As an alternative embodiment, the metal plastic forming method of the present invention further includes:
and after the metal piece deforms, carrying out heat preservation, cooling and pressure maintaining on the metal forming piece. The mold is unloaded and the metal form is removed.
Specifically, heat preservation and cooling are controlled by adjusting the magnitude of power supply current and switching on and off at intervals, and the pressure maintaining has two modes: firstly, the forming pressure of the die is controlled, and secondly, the position of the die is controlled. The selection of the control method and the dwell time are determined by the molding temperature, the material properties, the size of the molded article, and the like.
As an alternative embodiment, the mould according to the invention is a female mould and/or a male mould. Specifically, the male and female molds can be used in pairs, or can be used alone by a single male mold or female mold. When the device is used independently, other external acting loads are applied to the metal piece; and a plurality of male dies and a plurality of female dies can simultaneously act, and the placing modes of the male dies and the female dies are required to be adjusted according to the environment and the forming conditions. The pair use of the male and female molds is double mold as shown in fig. 2, and the single use of the single male mold or female mold is single mold as shown in fig. 3.
In an alternative embodiment, the power device is a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a mechanical screw loading or a multi-link mechanism press. Specifically, the power device for die assembly is in various modes such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, mechanical spiral loading, a multi-link mechanism and the like. In the process of pressing down, pressure control and position control can be carried out by a sensor and a matched control system as required so as to ensure the accuracy of die assembly.
The specific implementation case is as follows:
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating is adopted. The metal piece is subjected to insulation and heat insulation treatment and then subjected to die assembly forming, then large current is introduced to increase the temperature of the metal piece, so that the yield strength is reduced, and meanwhile, the metal tensile rate is increased, so that the metal piece is convenient to form. Meanwhile, the metal piece and the mould are subjected to insulation and heat insulation treatment to carry out rapid forming, so that the forming efficiency and the forming quality of the metal piece can be obviously improved. As shown in fig. 4, the method of the present invention specifically includes the following processes:
and S1, performing insulation and heat insulation treatment between the surface of the metal piece and the mold. The purpose is to prevent the mould from being influenced by current and temperature, and the requirements of insulation and heat insulation are met simultaneously.
S2, placing the metal piece between the punch and the die, as shown in the initial position in fig. 2.
And S3, connecting the uninsulated part of the metal piece with two ends of the electrode respectively to form a closed loop.
S4, the male and female molds are closed to deform the metal material as shown in the forming position in fig. 2.
And S5, setting different parameters for the heating power supply according to the material property and the shape and the size of the metal piece.
And S6, rapidly heating the metal piece for a certain time by the heating power supply, thereby changing the material performance of the metal piece and enabling the metal piece to generate plastic deformation.
And S7, preserving heat and cooling.
And S8, maintaining the forming pressure or position of the die for a certain time.
And S9, unloading the die and taking out the metal forming piece.
The insulation treatment method between the surface of the metal piece and the die in the step S1 comprises the following steps: firstly, insulating substances, such as insulating paint, paint and the like, are sprayed on the surface of the metal piece; secondly, insulating substances are added between the metal piece and the die, and the metal piece is not limited to flexible insulating materials such as insulating cloth; thirdly, the mould can also be made of insulating materials such as cement, ceramics and the like.
Only the metal piece is heated during self-resistance heating, so that the surface of the metal piece is required to be insulated from the contact of the die; in order to prevent the requirement that the mold is subjected to heat insulation treatment to eliminate potential safety hazards and realize sustainable processing due to overhigh temperature of the mold.
The shape of the convex-concave die in the S2 needs to be completely attached to the shape of the processed metal piece in a die closing state, the die is divided into a plurality of modules according to the specific shape of the die, the metal piece is conveniently placed at the processed position, the placing mode of the metal piece can be flexibly arranged according to the shape characteristics and the space condition of the die, and the space position is adjusted according to the forming temperature so as to ensure the safety of the forming process.
The conductive parts of the S3 metal piece are selected and reserved according to the structural characteristics of a target forming piece to ensure that a closed loop is formed, current uniformly passes through the processed metal piece, the connection between the processed metal piece and the electrode is connected through a quick clamping structure, and a material with low resistance is used as an electrode material.
The power device for closing the mold of the S4 has a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a mechanical structure and the like. The pressure sensor and the position sensor are used for monitoring the pressure value and the position in real time in the pressing process, data are transmitted to the control program, the control program transmits signals to the actuating mechanism for pressure and position control after processing, and the die assembly precision can be automatically or manually adjusted according to the precision range given by the control program.
The heating power supply in S5 can be applied in various ways as required, including but not limited to constant direct current, constant period alternating current, and other types of current. The various loading modes have respective characteristics, and when the current mode is selected, the current mode can be selected according to the precision requirement of a finished product, the production efficiency, the material attribute and the size and the shape of a metal machined part; the current size, the electrifying time and other related parameters need to be finally determined according to the yield strength, the forming temperature, the pressure maintaining time, the heat dissipation data and other parameters corresponding to different temperatures of the material. Different parameters are set for the heating power supply according to the material property and the shape size of the metal piece, and the set parameters include but are not limited to loading current type, voltage value and heating time.
The heating time in S6 is determined according to the electrothermodynamic parameters of the material and the selected loading mode. The loading time is within 30S. Specifically, an electric load is transmitted to a metal piece through an electrode by a heating power supply, so that the temperature of the metal piece is rapidly increased, the temperature rise time is set according to the requirement, and when the forming efficiency needs to be improved and the requirement on the forming effect is not high, a larger load can be adopted to reduce the temperature rise time; the increase of the temperature rise time can increase the energy and time cost and reduce the forming efficiency, but a better forming effect can be obtained, and the temperature rise time can be adjusted according to actual conditions and requirements.
The heat preservation and cooling in S7 are controlled by adjusting the heating power. Specifically, the heat preservation time is controlled in real time through temperature data fed back by the sensor and the heating power supply, and the metal piece is cooled according to the requirement.
In S8, two ways of controlling the forming pressure and the position of the die are pressed. The two control modes can select a mode with small rebound quantity and good forming effect according to the forming effect of actual processing; the determination of the pressure maintaining time is influenced by the conditions of forming temperature, material properties, size of a formed part and the like, trial production can be carried out by setting different pressure maintaining times, and the pressure maintaining time with good forming effect and high production efficiency is finally determined.
In S9, after the test piece is cooled to a certain temperature, a power device such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a mechanical structure and the like applies a force opposite to that in the mold closing process to separate the mold, expose the metal forming piece, and take out the metal forming piece. And (4) unloading the die, namely unloading the forming force to leave a space for the target formed piece, taking the target formed metal piece out of the die, and completing the final metal plastic forming.
Compared with the existing forming method, the metal forming method based on self-resistance heating has the beneficial effects that: the process flow can be simplified, the manufacturing cost of metal bending forming is greatly reduced, and the yield is improved. Meanwhile, the precise and rapid heating of the metal forming part is carried out by adopting a self-resistance heating mode, so that the energy can be effectively saved, and the production cost is reduced.
The invention provides a metal forming method based on self-resistance heating, aiming at the problems in the background technology, namely, the metal forming method is characterized in that the die assembly forming is carried out under the normal temperature state in the metal bending forming process, then the large current in a short time is directly introduced into the metal, and the pressure is maintained for a period of time, so that the metal piece is formed.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the non-insulated parts at the two ends of the metal piece are respectively connected with a first electrode and a second electrode;
connecting the first electrode to one end of a power supply, and connecting the second electrode to the other end of the power supply;
turning on the power supply to enable the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece to form a closed loop, and enabling the metal piece to be self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode;
and closing the die to deform the metal piece to obtain a metal forming piece.
2. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning on the power supply forms a closed loop with the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, and the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and adjusting the output parameters of the power supply, and adjusting the heating time and the heating current of the metal piece.
3. The plastic forming method of metal based on self-resistance heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of clamping the die to deform the metal piece to obtain the metal forming piece specifically comprises:
and adjusting the forming pressure of the die, and utilizing a power device to clamp the die so as to deform the metal piece and obtain a metal forming piece.
4. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning on the power supply forms a closed loop with the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, and the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece.
5. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning on the power supply forms a closed loop with the first electrode, the second electrode and the metal piece, and the metal piece is self-heated by the first electrode and the second electrode, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out heat insulation treatment on the surface of the mold and/or the metal piece.
6. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating according to claim 1, further comprising:
after the metal piece deforms, carrying out heat preservation, cooling and pressure maintaining on the metal forming piece;
the mold is unloaded and the metal form is removed.
7. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating according to claim 1, wherein the mold is a female mold and/or a male mold.
8. The metal plastic forming method based on self-resistance heating as claimed in claim 3, wherein the power device is a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a mechanical screw loading or a multi-link mechanism press.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112974591A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-06-18 | 燕山大学 | Electric auxiliary bending device and method |
| CN113426869A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Thermoforming method for satellite communication antenna mask |
| CN115430755A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-06 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Built-in electrode hot forming device and method based on optimized blank shape |
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