CN111545039A - Waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash solidification system and process method - Google Patents
Waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash solidification system and process method Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
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Abstract
The invention provides a waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash synergistic curing system and a process method, wherein magnesium oxide slurry is used as a deacidification agent to remove acid gaseous substances in waste incineration flue gas, and magnesium oxide left after deacidification and magnesium chloride generated by reaction can be used as magnesium oxychloride cement gelling raw materials in fly ash curing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment and disposal, in particular to a waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash solidification system and a process method.
Background
In recent years, the incineration treatment of municipal solid waste in China is in a rapid development stage. The flue gas generated by the incineration of the garbage contains a plurality of acidic substances, and the deacidification and purification are necessary. The waste incineration fly ash is the residue collected in the flue gas purification system of waste incineration plants, generally comprises dust remover fly ash and reaction tower fly ash, and consists of solid particles in flue gas, added chemical agents, chemical reaction products and the like. The fly ash is rich in high-level concentration potential heavy metal substances such As Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, As and the like, and serious harm is caused to water, soil and air environment if the fly ash is not solidified and stabilized.
The cement-based solidified fly ash is a more common fly ash solidification and stabilization technology. Because of the soluble Cl in the domestic garbage incineration fly ash in China-The mass percentage of the fly ash is up to 9-11%, and the fly ash can generate strong inhibiting effect on the traditional silicate-based cement curing fly ash. The problems of high doping amount, high compatibilization ratio, poor metal curing effect and the like exist in the portland cement curing technology, and the practical application effect of the portland cement curing technology in the fly ash curing is restricted.
The waste incineration fly ash solidified by the magnesium oxychloride cement is a fly ash solidification technology with a very promising prospect. The magnesium oxychloride cement is an air-hardening gel material formed by mixing and coagulating magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride solution in a certain proportion, has the advantages of high early strength, quick coagulation, high density and the like, and the saturated aqueous solution of the magnesium oxide which is the main cementing material of the magnesium oxychloride cement is alkalescent and has the pH value of 9.0-10.5. Therefore, the magnesium oxychloride cement has excellent curing effect on heavy metals, especially amphoteric heavy metals. However, if more Ca exists in the process of curing the magnesium oxychloride cement2+The stability of the cured product is affected, and the cured product is expanded, cracked and even not gelled. At present, the alkali agent used for deacidification of waste incineration flue gas commonly used at home and abroad is slaked lime generally, so that Ca in fly ash is generated2+The mass percentage of the component (A) can reach 20-35%. Severely restricts the application of the magnesium oxychloride cement in curing the waste incineration fly ash.
CN 108191320A invented a method for manufacturing waterproof magnesium oxychloride refractory bricks by using fly ash from incineration of household garbage. The fly ash is added with sulfur compounds and water to slake CaO, so as to eliminate internal stress generated by free CaO (f-CaO) in the produced building materials. But the mass mixing amount of the sulfur compound and the magnesium oxide is higher and respectively accounts for 6 to 9 percent and 35 to 45 percent of the mass of the dry ash of the fly ash. And the fly ash solidified aggregate after primary solidification needs to be crushed and then secondarily solidified by silicate cement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash synergistic curing system and a process method. According to the waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash solidification system, the process is combined, the content of Ca elements in the waste incineration fly ash is effectively reduced, the solidification of heavy metals in the waste incineration fly ash can be realized under the condition of low magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride content, and the leaching toxicity of the waste incineration fly ash is far lower than the landfill limit value of household garbage. Meanwhile, the fly ash solidified body also has good compressive strength and smaller compatibilization ratio. The system and the process protect land resources, greatly save the disposal cost of the waste incineration fly ash, and simultaneously reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals in the fly ash.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fly ash solidification system is in coordination with deacidification of msw incineration flue gas includes: a flue gas deacidification system and a fly ash solidification system;
the flue gas deacidification system includes: a deacidification magnesium oxide powder bin, a magnesium oxide slurry pool, a spray reaction tower, a bag-type dust collector and a chimney; the top of the spray reaction tower is provided with a centrifugal atomizer, the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the spray reaction tower are respectively provided with a reaction tower air inlet and a reaction tower air outlet, a deacidified magnesium oxide powder bin is connected with a magnesium oxide slurry pool, the magnesium oxide slurry pool is connected with the spray reaction tower through the centrifugal atomizer, the spray reaction tower is connected with a bag-type dust remover through the reaction tower air outlet, and the bag-type dust remover is connected to a chimney through an induced draft fan;
the fly ash solidification system comprises: ash storehouse, solidified magnesium oxide powder storehouse, magnesium chloride storehouse, clean water jar, magnesium chloride dissolving medicine jar, spiral mixing arrangement; the magnesium chloride storage bin and the clean water tank are connected to a magnesium chloride dissolving tank, and the magnesium chloride dissolving tank, the ash storehouse and the solidified magnesium oxide powder bin are respectively connected to the spiral mixing device through a magnesium chloride solution metering tank, a fly ash metering tank and a solidified magnesium oxide metering tank;
meanwhile, the bottom of a spray reaction tower in the flue gas deacidification system and the bottom of a bag-type dust collector are connected with an ash warehouse in the fly ash solidification system.
Further, in the present invention,
the atomization particle size of the centrifugal atomizer is less than 150 micrometers, and preferably 60-90 micrometers;
the filter bag material that the sack cleaner used is PPS or PTFE, and the filter bag aperture is 0.2 ~ 3 mu m.
The invention also provides a process method for deacidifying the waste incineration flue gas and curing fly ash in cooperation with the system, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) mixing deacidified magnesium oxide with water to prepare magnesium oxide slurry with the concentration of 10-15 wt%, atomizing the magnesium oxide slurry into small liquid drops through a centrifugal atomizer, spraying the small liquid drops from top to bottom from a spraying reaction tower, allowing waste incineration flue gas to enter the spraying reaction tower through an air inlet of the reaction tower to perform a down-flow reaction with the atomized magnesium oxide slurry for deacidification to generate magnesium salts, and allowing large-particle ash residues to enter an ash storehouse from the bottom of the spraying reaction tower;
in the spray reaction tower, the residence time of the flue gas is more than 10s, usually 10-25 s;
(2) leading the deacidified flue gas out of an air outlet of the reaction tower and entering a bag-type dust collector, leading fly ash filtered by a filter bag to enter an ash storehouse from the bottom of the bag-type dust collector, and discharging the purified flue gas from a chimney through a draught fan after detection;
controlling the temperature of an air outlet of the reaction tower to be 10-60 ℃ higher than the dew point of the flue gas, and preferably 20-30 ℃;
(3) after the magnesium chloride solution, the solidified magnesium oxide and the ash particles in the ash storehouse are proportioned by a metering tank respectively, the materials enter a spiral mixing device to be uniformly mixed, magnesium oxychloride cement gel is prepared and then is filled into a ton bag for solidification and maintenance, and a solidified body after 3-7 days of maintenance can be buried;
the mass percentage of Mg element in the ash particles in the ash storehouse is 20-35%, and the mass percentage of Ca element is less than 5%;
the mass of the solidified magnesium oxide is 10-25% of the mass of the fly ash;
in the magnesium chloride solution, MgCl2The mass of the fly ash is 8-15% of the mass of the fly ash; the mass of the water is 60-80% of the mass of the fly ash.
In the process method, the deacidification magnesium oxide and the solidification magnesium oxide are made of dolomite light-burned powder or magnesite light-burned powder, the effective MgO activity is 50-80%, and the mesh number is 150-320 meshes;
furthermore, the mesh number of the deacidification magnesium oxide is 250-320 meshes, and the mesh number of the solidified magnesium oxide is 150 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. and (3) removing acidic gaseous substances in the waste incineration flue gas by using the magnesium oxide slurry as a deacidification agent. The pH value of the magnesium oxide slurry is 9.0-10.5, the magnesium oxide slurry is alkalescent, and the corrosion phenomenon of slaked lime on a reaction tower at high temperature in the traditional semi-dry deacidification process is reduced.
2. SO in slaked lime slurry liquid drop and flue gas4 2+The reaction can form CaSO on the surface of the slaked lime4Solid wrapping and limiting further deacidification reaction. And the magnesium oxide slurry reacts with the acid gas to generate soluble magnesium salt, so that the phenomenon of wrapping solid particles is avoided, and the reaction is sufficient.
3. The deacidified residual magnesium oxide and the magnesium chloride generated by the reaction can be used as a magnesium oxychloride cement gelling raw material in the process of fly ash solidification.
4. The content of CaO in the fly ash is lower than 5 percent, only part of the fly ash exists in the flue gas, and no extra addition is needed. Free state CaO (f-CaO) is almost not existed, and the influence on the stability of the solidified fly ash of the magnesium oxychloride cement is greatly reduced. The magnesium oxide, the magnesium chloride and the water with low mass ratio of the fly ash can be used for achieving a good solidification effect on the heavy metals in the fly ash, the compatibilization ratio is low, and the leaching of the heavy metals is lower than the landfill limit value of the domestic garbage (GB 16889-2008 'pollution control standard of domestic garbage landfill'). The operation is simple and convenient, and the method has good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash solidification system according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-deacidification magnesium oxide powder bin, 2-magnesium oxide slurry pool, 3-spray reaction tower, 4-bag dust collector, 5-induced draft fan, 6-chimney, 7-ash bin, 8-solidified magnesium oxide powder bin, 9-magnesium chloride storage bin, 10-clean water tank, 11-magnesium chloride dissolving tank, 12-fly ash metering tank, 13-solidified magnesium oxide metering tank, 14-magnesium chloride solution metering tank, 15-spiral mixing device, 301-centrifugal atomizer, 302-reaction tower air inlet, 303-reaction tower air outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in the following by means of specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a waste incineration flue gas deacidification is in coordination with fly ash solidification system, includes:
the device comprises a deacidified magnesium oxide powder bin 1, a magnesium oxide slurry pool 2, a 3-spraying reaction tower 3, a 4-bag dust collector 4, a 5-induced draft fan 5, a chimney 6, an ash bin 7, a solidified magnesium oxide powder bin 8, a magnesium chloride storage bin 9, a clean water tank 10, a magnesium chloride medicine dissolving tank 11, a fly ash metering tank 12, a solidified magnesium oxide metering tank 13, a magnesium chloride solution metering tank 14, a spiral mixing device 15, a centrifugal atomizer 301, a reaction tower air inlet 302 and a reaction tower air outlet 303.
The invention relates to a waste incineration flue gas deacidification and fly ash synergistic curing system, which comprises: a flue gas deacidification system and a fly ash solidification system. Magnesium oxide is used in both the flue gas deacidification system and the fly ash solidification system, and is named as deacidified magnesium oxide and solidified magnesium oxide for distinguishing.
The deacidified magnesium oxide is conveyed from a deacidified magnesium oxide powder bin 1 to a magnesium oxide slurry pool 2 by a screw conveyor, and is added with water and stirred to prepare MgO/Mg (OH) with the concentration of 10 to 15 percent2The slurry is atomized into small droplets by the centrifugal atomizer 301 and sprayed from the spraying reaction tower 3 from top to bottom, and the waste incineration flue gas enters the spraying reaction tower 3 through the air inlet 302 of the reaction tower and is fully mixed with the atomized magnesium oxide slurry in a downflow mode. Absorbing SO in flue gas2Acid gases such as HCl and HF. Traces of HF and Mg (OH)2Reaction to form MgF2。SO2And Mg (OH)2The reaction produces magnesium sulfite (MgSO)3) Part of the magnesium sulfite is further oxidized to magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4). HCl and Mg (OH)2Reaction to form MgCl2. Magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride both belong to cementing materials of magnesium cement, and are subjected to a gelling reaction with magnesium oxide in a certain proportion to generate magnesium oxysulfate cement and magnesium oxychloride cement, so that heavy metals in the waste incineration fly ash can be solidified. The process of deacidification of waste incineration flue gas and solidification of fly ash effectively utilizes magnesium oxide for deacidification of flue gas, and simultaneously utilizes a large amount of Cl elements in the flue gas fly ash. The Cl element can play a strong inhibiting role in the traditional silicate-based cement solidified waste incineration fly ash.
During the reaction process of the magnesium oxide slurry and the acid gas in the flue gas. The moisture in the magnesium oxide mist droplets is evaporated at the same time. In order to fully evaporate the water in the magnesium oxide slurry and fully remove the acid gas, the retention time of the flue gas in the spray reaction tower 3 is more than 10 s. Large-particle ash enters an ash storage 7 from the bottom of the spray reaction tower 3.
The deacidified flue gas is led out from the air outlet 303 of the reaction tower and enters the bag-type dust collector 4. Unreacted MgO/Mg (OH)2And a filter cake layer is formed in the filter bag to further remove the acid gas in the smoke. The bag-type dust collector 4 can remove solid particles with a particle size of more than 1 μm, and 98% of suspended particles are removed at this stage. Fly ash filtered by the filter bag enters an ash storage 7 from the bottom of the bag-type dust collector 4, and purified flue gas is discharged from a chimney 6 through a draught fan 5 after being detected.
Magnesium oxide in the solidified magnesium oxide powder bin 8 and magnesium oxide and fly ash in the ash bin 7 are respectively conveyed to a fly ash metering tank 12 and a solidified magnesium oxide metering tank 13 through screw conveyors, and are respectively conveyed to a screw type mixing device 15 for stirring after being metered. And conveying magnesium chloride in the magnesium chloride storage bin 9 and clear water in the clear water tank 10 to a magnesium chloride medicine dissolving tank 11 for stirring and dissolving in advance, conveying the obtained magnesium chloride solution to a spiral mixing device 15 for stirring with solidified magnesium oxide and fly ash, stirring for 10-30 min, and discharging the magnesium chloride solution from the bottom of the spiral mixing device 15 to a ton bag for curing.
A typical fly ash solidification ratio of the invention is as follows: the mass of solidified magnesium oxide is 15% of the mass of the fly ash. MgCl2Is 9% of the mass of the fly ash. The mass of water is 70% of the mass of the fly ash.
The fly ash detected according to a horizontal oscillation method of a solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method (HJ 557-2009) has the toxic leaching of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb heavy metals of 2.87mg/L, 5.72mg/L, 0.53mg/L and 0.82mg/L respectively. The compression strength of the fly ash solidified body solidified by the process after being cured for seven days is 3.6 Mpa. The leaching toxicity of Cu and Cd metal elements is 0.05mg/L and 0.11mg/L respectively. The leaching toxicity of Cd and Pb is lower than 0.01 mg/L. After curing, the cured product meets the landfill limit value of the domestic garbage (GB 16889-2008 'pollution control standard of domestic garbage landfill'), and can be subjected to landfill disposal.
The solidification effect of the invention on the heavy metals in the fly ash is 518 phase (5Mg (OH) generated after the gelation of the magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride aqueous solution2·MgCl2·8H2O) and 318 phase (3Mg (OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O). In addition, the magnesium hydroxide coated on the surface of the fly ash particles also has good solidification effect on heavy metals. In the fly ash produced by the traditional flue gas semi-dry deacidification method, a large amount of free CaO (f-CaO) exists, the gelation of the magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride aqueous solution is strongly inhibited, and thus, the 518 phase and the 318 phase cannot be produced. Nor does magnesium hydroxide cure heavy metals. Conversely, the leaching of a large amount of heavy amphoteric metals such as Cd and Pb is accelerated by the high pH value caused by the high CaO content.
The method fully utilizes the magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide which are not completely reacted in the flue gas deacidification, eliminates the interference of CaO on the magnesium chloride cement curing fly ash, can play a good role in curing heavy metals in the fly ash by only using the magnesium oxide, the magnesium chloride and water with low mass ratio of the fly ash, has low compatibilization ratio, is simple and convenient to operate, and has good economic benefit.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fly ash curing system is in coordination with in deacidification of msw incineration flue gas, a serial communication port, msw incineration flue gas deacidification is in coordination with fly ash curing system includes: a flue gas deacidification system and a fly ash solidification system;
the flue gas deacidification system includes: a deacidification magnesium oxide powder bin, a magnesium oxide slurry pool, a spray reaction tower, a bag-type dust collector and a chimney; the top of the spray reaction tower is provided with a centrifugal atomizer, the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the spray reaction tower are respectively provided with a reaction tower air inlet and a reaction tower air outlet, a deacidified magnesium oxide powder bin is connected with a magnesium oxide slurry pool, the magnesium oxide slurry pool is connected with the spray reaction tower through the centrifugal atomizer, the spray reaction tower is connected with a bag-type dust remover through the reaction tower air outlet, and the bag-type dust remover is connected to a chimney through an induced draft fan;
the fly ash solidification system comprises: ash storehouse, solidified magnesium oxide powder storehouse, magnesium chloride storehouse, clean water jar, magnesium chloride dissolving medicine jar, spiral mixing arrangement; the magnesium chloride storage bin and the clean water tank are connected to a magnesium chloride dissolving tank, and the magnesium chloride dissolving tank, the ash storehouse and the solidified magnesium oxide powder bin are respectively connected to the spiral mixing device through a magnesium chloride solution metering tank, a fly ash metering tank and a solidified magnesium oxide metering tank;
meanwhile, the bottom of a spray reaction tower in the flue gas deacidification system and the bottom of a bag-type dust collector are connected with an ash warehouse in the fly ash solidification system.
2. The waste incineration flue gas deacidification synergistic fly ash solidification system of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal atomizer has an atomized particle size of less than 150 μm.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter bag of the bag-type dust collector is made of PPS or PTFE, and the aperture of the filter bag is 0.2-3 μm.
4. A process for deacidifying waste incineration flue gas and solidifying fly ash by using the system of claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing deacidified magnesium oxide with water to prepare magnesium oxide slurry with the concentration of 10-15 wt%, atomizing the magnesium oxide slurry into small liquid drops through a centrifugal atomizer, spraying the small liquid drops from top to bottom from a spraying reaction tower, allowing waste incineration flue gas to enter the spraying reaction tower through an air inlet of the reaction tower to perform a down-flow reaction with the atomized magnesium oxide slurry for deacidification to generate magnesium salts, and allowing large-particle ash residues to enter an ash storehouse from the bottom of the spraying reaction tower;
(2) leading the deacidified flue gas out of an air outlet of the reaction tower and entering a bag-type dust collector, leading fly ash filtered by a filter bag to enter an ash storehouse from the bottom of the bag-type dust collector, and discharging the purified flue gas from a chimney through a draught fan after detection;
(3) the magnesium chloride solution, the solidified magnesium oxide and the ash particles in the ash storehouse are proportioned by a metering tank and then enter a spiral mixing device to be uniformly mixed, magnesium oxychloride cement gel is prepared and then is put into a ton bag for solidification and maintenance, and the solidified body after 3-7 days of maintenance can be buried.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein in step (1), the residence time of flue gas in the spray reaction tower is greater than 10 s.
6. The process method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the air outlet of the reaction tower is controlled to be 10-60 ℃ higher than the dew point of the flue gas.
7. The process method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the mass percentage of Mg element in the ash particles in the ash storehouse is 20-35%, and the mass percentage of Ca element is less than 5%.
8. The process of claim 4, wherein in step (3), the mass of the solidified magnesium oxide is 10% to 25% of the mass of the fly ash.
9. The process according to claim 4, wherein in step (3), the magnesium chloride solution is MgCl2The mass of the fly ash is 8-15% of the mass of the fly ash; the mass of the water is 60-80% of the mass of the fly ash.
10. The process of claim 4, wherein the deacidified magnesia and the solidified magnesia are made of dolomite light-burned powder or magnesite light-burned powder, the effective MgO activity is 50-80%, and the mesh number is 150-320 meshes.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115582004A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-10 | 广州市天益三和能源环保有限公司 | Application of alkaline residue in waste incineration tail gas treatment and treatment method |
| CN117205735A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2023-12-12 | 北京中科润宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Deacidifying agent for purifying waste incineration flue gas |
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| CN1263789A (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-08-23 | 德古萨－于尔斯股份公司 | Nitrogen oxide storage material and nitrogen oxide storage catalytic agent produced with it |
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| US20110173139A1 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | Bert Zauderer | Slagging coal combustor for cementitious slag production, metal oxide reduction, shale gas and oil recovery, enviromental remediation, emission control and co2 sequestration |
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| CN117205735B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-03-05 | 北京中科润宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Deacidifying agent for purifying waste incineration flue gas |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |