CN111544769A - Low-power consumption neuromuscular stimulator - Google Patents
Low-power consumption neuromuscular stimulator Download PDFInfo
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- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/3603—Control systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-power-consumption neuromuscular stimulator which comprises a power supply module, a low-voltage boosting feedback control module, a constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, an on-off feedback circuit, a microcontroller and N pairs of electrodes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and each pair of electrodes comprises an input electrode and an output electrode. The invention can detect and feed back the current voltage in real time through the low-voltage boosting feedback control module, thereby preventing the boosting from being too high, damaging related components and shortening the charging time, and greatly reducing the power consumption of the instrument in the working state; when the electrode is broken or falls off in the working state of the stimulator, the microcontroller can monitor the amplitude or frequency of the stimulation current in time and instruct the low-voltage-rising high-voltage feedback control module to be closed through the on-off feedback circuit arranged at the output electrode end, so that the stimulator has extremely low power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a neuromuscular stimulator, and belongs to the field of medical instruments.
Background
The neuromuscular stimulator is a medical instrument which utilizes low-medium frequency electrical stimulation pulses to stimulate and treat muscles or nerves of patients, and is widely applied to recovery and treatment of diseases such as cerebral pruritus, cerebral trauma, hemiplegia, paraplegia and the like at present.
The nerve muscle stimulator is usually powered by disposable dry batteries with limited power storage. Because the impedance of biological tissues is basically between 2K omega and 20M omega, a stimulation output module of the stimulator is required to have a higher voltage source, usually between 100v and 130v, and therefore a switch circuit and an LC booster circuit are required to be built through components such as a capacitor, an inductive energy storage element and the like, and a low-voltage power supply is converted into a high-voltage power supply. However, in the process of raising the low voltage to the high voltage, the excessively long charging time and the excessively high voltage value required for boosting may cause damage to related components and devices, and may also cause waste of energy of the power supply of the stimulator. In addition, during the use of the stimulator, the stimulator should automatically detect the possible disconnection of the stimulation electrode or the falling off of the electrode patch and close the circuit to reduce the energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-power consumption neuromuscular stimulator.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the low-power-consumption neuromuscular stimulator comprises a power supply module, a low-voltage boosting feedback control module, a constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, an on-off feedback circuit, a microcontroller and N pairs of electrodes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each pair of electrodes comprises an input electrode and an output electrode, each input electrode is respectively and electrically connected with the output end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module, and each output electrode is respectively and electrically connected with the input end of the on-off feedback circuit; the output end of the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module is connected with the input end of the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module; the power supply module is respectively connected with the low-voltage boosting feedback control module and the microcontroller; the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module, the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module and the on-off feedback circuit are respectively connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller can instruct the low-voltage boosting feedback control module to boost the voltage to a preset high voltage and then output the voltage to the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, and instruct the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module to convert the constant voltage into constant current and output the constant current to each input electrode; and when the voltage value received by the microcontroller from the on-off feedback circuit is smaller than the feedback voltage threshold value and the duration continuously smaller than the feedback voltage threshold value is longer than the set sleep time, the microcontroller instructs the low-voltage and high-voltage feedback control module to close.
Furthermore, the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module comprises a switching circuit, an LC boosting circuit and a voltage feedback circuit; the first input end of the switch circuit is connected with the power supply module, the second input end of the switch circuit is connected with the microcontroller, the output end of the switch circuit is connected with the first input end of the LC booster circuit, and the second input end of the LC booster circuit is connected with the microcontroller; the output end of the LC booster circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the voltage feedback circuit and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module, the first output end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with the microcontroller, and the second output end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module.
Furthermore, the voltage feedback circuit of the invention comprises a TVS transient suppression diode, a ninth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, an eleventh resistor and a fourth capacitor; the input end of the TVS transient suppression diode is simultaneously connected with the output end of the LC booster circuit and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module; the output end of the TVS transient suppression diode is connected with one end of a ninth resistor, the other end of the ninth resistor is respectively and electrically connected with one end of an eleventh resistor, one end of a thirteenth resistor and the anode of a fourth capacitor, the other end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the microcontroller, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor and the cathode of the fourth capacitor are respectively grounded.
Furthermore, the on-off feedback circuit comprises a first resistor and a third resistor, wherein one end of the first resistor and one end of the third resistor are respectively connected with each output electrode, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the microcontroller, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded; the on-off feedback circuit feeds back the voltage value of the third resistor to the microcontroller through the first resistor, and when the voltage value of the third resistor received by the microcontroller from the on-off feedback circuit is smaller than the feedback voltage threshold and the time continuously smaller than the feedback voltage threshold is longer than the set sleep time, the microcontroller receives feedback and instructs the low-voltage boost high-voltage feedback control module to be closed.
Furthermore, the microprocessor is connected with an external PC.
Further, in the boosting process of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module, if the microcontroller judges that the current voltage value of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module acquired by the microcontroller is greater than or equal to the preset high voltage, the microcontroller sends the charging time of the current boosting of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module to the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module as the charging time of the next boosting; if the microcontroller judges that the current voltage value of the low-voltage boost feedback control module collected by the microcontroller is smaller than the preset high voltage, the microcontroller calculates the charging time required by the next boost of the low-voltage boost feedback control module according to the following formula (1) and sends the charging time to the low-voltage boost feedback control module:
Tn＝Tl－k(Un－Us) (1)
in formula (1), Tn is the charging time required by the low-voltage boost feedback control module for next boost, Tl is the charging time of the low-voltage boost feedback control module for this boost, k represents a single charging time variation coefficient, k is 0.25ms/V, Un is the current voltage value of the low-voltage boost feedback control module, and Us is a reference value of a preset high voltage.
Further, the lower limit of the preset high voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode.
Furthermore, the working state control button is arranged in the power module, one end of the working state control button is respectively connected with the anode of the power module and the microcontroller, the other end of the working state control button is connected with the cathode of the power module, and when the working state control button is pressed down, the microcontroller can receive and calculate a time length signal when the working state control button is pressed down; in the shutdown state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time, the microcontroller sends an instruction to the switching circuit to change the current state of the stimulator into the working state; in the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time, the microcontroller sends an instruction to the switch circuit to change the current state of the stimulator to be a shutdown state; in the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a short time, the microcontroller increases the sleep time of the stimulator in the working state once on the basis of the current value every time the working state control button is pressed for a short time, and when the sleep time reaches the set upper limit value, if the working state control button is pressed for a short time again, the sleep time is reset to the set lower limit value.
Furthermore, the time length of long-time pressing of the working state control button is 3-5 s, and the time length of short-time pressing of the working state control button is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1 s.
Furthermore, in the working state, the sleep time of the stimulator is increased by 1s on the basis of the current value every time the working state control button is pressed for a short time; when the current value of the sleep time reaches 7s, if the operating state control button is pressed once again, the sleep time is reset to 1 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the current voltage can be detected and fed back in real time through the low-voltage boosting feedback control module, so that the situation that the boosting is too high and related components are damaged is prevented, and meanwhile, the charging time is shortened, so that the power consumption of the stimulator in a working state is greatly reduced; (2) when the electrode is broken or falls off in the working state of the stimulator, the microcontroller can monitor the amplitude or frequency of the stimulation current in time and instruct the low-voltage-rising high-voltage feedback control module to be closed through the on-off feedback circuit arranged at the output electrode end, so that the stimulator has extremely low power consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the low boost pressure feedback control module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of a voltage feedback circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a constant-current stimulation signal output by the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module in a primary stimulation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the charging of the low-voltage boost high-voltage feedback control module during a single stimulation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a boosted voltage signal of the low-voltage-boosted high-voltage feedback control module during a single stimulation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of an on-off feedback circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the power consumption signal of the stimulator in operation;
in the figure, 2, a power supply module, 3, a low-voltage boosting and voltage-boosting feedback control module, 31, a switching circuit, 32, an LC boosting circuit, 33, a voltage feedback circuit, 4, a constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, 5, an electrode patch, 51, an input electrode, 52, an output electrode, 53 and 54, an electrode connecting ring, 6, an on-off feedback circuit and 7, a microcontroller.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the stimulator mainly comprises a power module 2, a low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3, a constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4, an on-off feedback circuit 6, a microcontroller 7 and N pairs of electrodes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Each pair of electrodes comprises an input electrode 51 and an output electrode 52, each input electrode 51 is electrically connected with the output end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4, each output electrode 52 is electrically connected with the input end of the on-off feedback circuit 6, and the output end of the low voltage boosting feedback control module 3 is connected with the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4. The power module 2 is respectively connected with the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 and the microcontroller 7; the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module 3, the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 and the on-off feedback circuit 6 are respectively connected with a microcontroller 7. When the stimulator of the present invention is used, the input electrodes 51 and output electrodes 52 of each pair of electrodes are brought into close contact with the neuromuscular tissue.
In the working state of the stimulator, the microcontroller 7 can collect the current voltage of the low-voltage boost high-voltage feedback control module 3 and compare the current voltage with the preset high voltage: if the current voltage is lower than the preset high voltage, the microcontroller 7 instructs the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 to boost the voltage to the preset high voltage, then outputs the high voltage to the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4, and drives the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 to generate a constant current and output the constant current to the input electrode 51; if the current voltage of the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 is greater than or equal to the preset high voltage, the microcontroller 7 instructs the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 to output the current voltage to the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 as a high-voltage power supply, and instructs the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 to convert the constant voltage into a constant current and output the constant current to the input electrode 51, so that the constant current output by the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 is output to the neuromuscular tissue where the input electrode 51 is located through the input electrode 51, and a closed current loop is formed between the output electrode 52 and the on-off feedback circuit 6 connected with the output electrode 52. Thus, a constant current is applied to the neuromuscular tissue between the input electrode 51 and the output electrode 52, and a single stimulation is completed. The voltage source of the constant voltage to constant current module 4 of the stimulator is set to match the impedance of the biological tissue using the stimulator. Since the impedance of the biological tissue is basically in the range of 2K omega-20M omega, the voltage source of the constant voltage-constant current module 4 of the stimulator is usually set to be 100 v-130 v. If the impedance of the biological tissue changes, the voltage source setting of the constant voltage to constant current module 4 also changes correspondingly. In the invention, the value interval of the preset high voltage is consistent with the voltage source of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4, that is, if the voltage source of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4 is 100-130V, the value of the preset high voltage can be within the interval of 100-130V. In addition, when the voltage value received by the microcontroller 7 from the on-off feedback circuit 6 is smaller than the feedback voltage threshold and the duration continuously smaller than the feedback voltage threshold is longer than the set sleep time, the microcontroller 7 instructs the low-voltage boost high-voltage feedback control module 3 to turn off. In the present invention, the sleep time can be set to 5 to 10 stimulation cycles.
As shown in fig. 1, as an embodiment of the present invention, the stimulator may further have a housing (not shown in the figure), the input electrode 51 and the input electrode 52 are disposed outside the housing, and the power module 2, the low voltage and high voltage feedback control module 3, the constant voltage to constant current module 4, the on-off feedback circuit 6 and the microcontroller 7 are disposed on a circuit board inside the housing. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the stimulator appears flat in overall appearance. The shell of the invention can be made of plastic or silica gel to protect the circuit board inside.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an electrode patch 5 may be used, the electrode patch 5 is a flexible fabric, and two electrode connection rings 53 and 54 are embedded in the electrode patch 5, wherein the input electrode 51 is connected to the electrode connection ring 53 through a flexible wire, and the output electrode 52 is connected to the electrode connection ring 54 through a flexible wire, so that the input electrode 51 is connected to the output terminal of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4, and the output electrode 52 is connected to the input terminal of the on-off feedback circuit 6. The input electrode 51 and the output electrode 52 can use body surface self-adhesive electrode pads. The structural design can protect the circuit in the shell on one hand, and meanwhile, the electrode patch 5 has good flexibility, so that the whole shell and the electrode patch 5 can be attached to a body surface stimulation part conveniently.
It should be noted that the relative position between the input electrode 51 and the output electrode 52 is not fixed, and can be adjusted according to the position of the muscular nerve tissue on the body surface where stimulation needs to be applied. In addition, the number of the electrode patches 5 can be more than two, each electrode patch 5 is provided with a pair of electrodes, each pair of electrodes comprises an input electrode 51 and an output electrode 52, each input electrode 51 is connected with the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4 through an independent circuit switch, and each output electrode 52 is connected with the on-off feedback circuit 6 through an independent circuit switch, so that each pair of electrodes is connected with the neuromuscular tissue, the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4 and the on-off feedback circuit 6 to form an independent closed current loop, and stimulation is applied to the neuromuscular tissue at a plurality of different positions.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the low-voltage boost-voltage feedback control module includes a switching circuit 31, an LC boost circuit 32, and a voltage feedback circuit 33; a first input end of the switch circuit 31 is connected with the positive pole of the power module 2, a second input end of the switch circuit 31 is connected with the microcontroller 7, an output end of the switch circuit 31 is connected with a first input end of the LC booster circuit 32, and a second input end of the LC booster circuit 32 is connected with the microcontroller 7; the output end of the LC boosting circuit 32 is connected with the input end of the voltage feedback circuit 33 and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4 respectively; a first output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33 is connected with the microcontroller 7, and a second output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33 is connected with an input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4. The voltage feedback circuit 33 is configured to detect a voltage value boosted by the LC boost circuit 32, and feed back a specific voltage value to the microprocessor 7 through a first output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33.
As shown in fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the voltage feedback circuit 33 includes a TVS transient suppression diode D8, a ninth resistor R9, a thirteenth resistor R13, an eleventh resistor R11, and a fourth capacitor C4; the input end of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is simultaneously used as the input end and the second output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33, and is simultaneously connected with the output end of the LC boost circuit 32 and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4; an output end of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is connected to one end of a ninth resistor R9, the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of an eleventh resistor R11, one end of a thirteenth resistor R13, and an anode of a fourth capacitor C4, respectively, the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the microcontroller 7 as a first output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 and a cathode of the fourth capacitor C4 are grounded, respectively.
In the stimulation process of the stimulator, the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 boosts the low voltage to the preset high voltage in the shortest time. In the boosting process of the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3, the microcontroller 7 can shorten the charging time of the next boosting by acquiring the charging time of the current boosting and the boosted high voltage value, and meanwhile, the boosting is prevented from being too high. Specifically, in the primary boosting process of the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3, after the voltage value at the input end of the voltage feedback circuit 33 after boosting is greater than the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 from the start of boosting by the LC boosting circuit 32, the input end of the voltage feedback circuit 33 is turned on, the microcontroller 7 acquires the current voltage value through the first output end of the voltage feedback circuit 33, and since the current voltage value at this time does not reach the preset high voltage, the microcontroller 7 instructs the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 to continue boosting until the preset high voltage is reached, that is, the LC boosting circuit 32 continues boosting until the current voltage is greater than or equal to the preset high voltage, and the microcontroller 7 acquires the charging time of the current boosting and the current voltage value when the corresponding boosting termination reaches (denoted as Un); further, the microcontroller 7 compares the current voltage value Un reached at the end of the current boosting with a reference value (denoted as Us) of a preset high voltage. Because the impedance of the biological tissue is basically in the range of 2K omega-20M omega, the reference value Us of the preset high voltage can be taken within the range of 100 v-130 v, and generally, the higher the impedance of the biological tissue is, the larger the value of Us can be. For example, Us may be set to a value of 120V.
If the reference value Us of the preset high voltage is 120V, the value range of the allowable variation value Δ U of the preset high voltage can be 0-10V. The smaller the allowable variation range of Δ U, the higher the voltage detection accuracy of the selection microcontroller 7 is required. On the contrary, the allowable variation range of Δ U is too large, which may cause too large charging voltage during the boosting process and damage the components. As an embodiment of the present invention, the allowable variation value of the preset high voltage may be 10V, that is, Δ U is 10V, and at this time, the detectable range of the value section of the preset high voltage is 110V to 130V. In addition, the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is used in the voltage feedback circuit 33, when the model of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is selected, a TVS transient suppression diode having a breakdown voltage value lower than the lower limit of the value interval of the preset high voltage needs to be selected, only when the low-voltage boost feedback control module 3 boosts the current voltage to be higher than the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode D8, the voltage feedback circuit 3 starts to be turned on, and the boosted current voltage value is fed back to the microcontroller 7 through the eleventh resistor R11. For this reason, in this embodiment, the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 needs to be smaller than the lower limit value 110V of the value range of the preset high voltage. As mentioned above, the current voltage Un of the LC boost circuit 32 needs to be fed back to the microcontroller 7 in real time, and if the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is too small, the working time of the voltage feedback circuit 33 is prolonged, which increases the power consumption, therefore, the breakdown voltage Ud of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 may be selected to be 100V in this embodiment.
In this example, the resistance of the selectable resistor R9 is selected to be 1M Ω, R13The resistance value is 10K omega. The reference value Us of the preset high voltage is set to be 120V according to the microcontroller 7, and the model of the TVS diode is selected. Therefore, the breakdown voltage Ud of the TVS transient suppression diode D8 is selected to be 100V. When the LC boosting circuit 32 boosts and the voltage output to the input terminal of the voltage feedback circuit 33 is higher than 100v, D8 breaks down, the voltage feedback circuit 33 is turned on, and the voltage value of the voltage dividing resistor R13 is fed back to the microcontroller 7. The voltage feedback circuit 33 reads the voltage value U of R13 by the microcontroller 7 during the boosting process of the LC boosting circuit 3213And calculates the present voltage value Un ═ U of the LC boost circuit 32R13× (R13+ R9)/R13+100, real-time feedback of the current voltage of the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 in the boosting process is realized.
In a stimulation period of the stimulator, the high-power consumption stage of the boosting process of the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module 3, the low-power consumption stage of the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 in the standby state and the constant-current stimulation output can be divided. In the high power consumption stage, the power consumption of the stimulator is the largest, the time occupied in the high power consumption stage is shortened, and the power consumption of the stimulator can be effectively reduced; in the low power consumption stage, the microcontroller 7 is used for turning off the power supplies of the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module 3 and the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4, so that the power consumption of the stimulator during the non-task execution period is effectively reduced.
As shown in fig. 4, the process of completing one stimulation cycle by the stimulator may be divided into three processes of charging by the low voltage and high voltage feedback control module 3, outputting constant current stimulation by the constant voltage to constant current module 4, and standing by the stimulator, which correspond to the time periods Tc, Tf, and Tx in fig. 4, respectively, that is, one stimulation cycle T is Tc + Tf + Tx. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, before the stimulator outputs stimulation each time, that is, during the time period Tc, the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 periodically turns on and off the transistor in Tc, and accumulates the energy stored in the inductor to the fourth capacitor C4 by repeating pulse charging, so as to gradually boost the low voltage of the power supply to the high voltage until the current voltage value is higher than the preset high voltage, and the microcontroller 7 controls the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module 4 to output constant-current stimulation to the input electrode 51. The working time Tc of the low-voltage boost high-voltage feedback control module 3 is related to the boost voltage value of the LC boost circuit 32, and the longer the Tc time is, the higher the boost voltage value of the LC boost circuit 32 is, but the too high voltage may damage components and parts and waste power consumption.
As described above, in the boosting process of the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3, the microcontroller 7 feeds back the charging time Tc and the current voltage value Un through the voltage feedback circuit 33, and determines and calculates a difference between Un and the reference value Us of the preset high voltage, and adjusts the next charging time Tn to make the next charging time Tn as short as possible, thereby shortening the task execution time. Therefore, the difference between the current voltage Un boosted by the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3 and the reference value Us of the preset high voltage needs to be judged, and the microcontroller 7 is used for setting the value interval of the preset high voltage, namely the value of Us plus or minus Δ U is the value interval of the preset high voltage, namely, whether the current voltage Un is in the value interval of the preset high voltage is judged by judging the relation between the difference between Un and Us and Δ U. For example, in the method for calculating the charging time, the microcontroller 7 calculates the time Tn required to be charged next time according to the difference between the current voltage Un and Us after the previous boosting, and then sends an instruction to the low-voltage boosting feedback control module 3. Calculating the charging time Tn required by next boosting according to the current voltage value Un acquired by the microcontroller 7 after previous boosting, and if the microcontroller 7 acquires and judges that the difference value between the current voltage value Un and the preset high-voltage reference value Us is less than or equal to delta U, sending the time instruction of this boosting to the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module 3 again by the microcontroller 7 as the next charging time instruction, namely if Un-Us is less than or equal to delta U, Tn is Tl; if the microcontroller 7 collects and judges that the difference value between the current voltage value and the reference value of the preset high voltage is larger than delta U, namely Un-Us > delta U, the microcontroller 7 calculates the time required for boosting next time according to the difference value between the current voltage value and the reference value of the preset high voltage. In this embodiment, the method for calculating Tn is as follows: Tn-Tl-k (Un-Us). Where Tl is the charging time of the last charging, k represents a one-time charging time variation coefficient, and k is 0.25 ms/V. And the time instruction after calculation and adjustment is sent to the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module 3, so that the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module 3 can adjust to the preset high voltage as soon as possible during next boosting.
The microcontroller 7 compares the relation between the difference value between the current voltage value and the reference value of the preset high voltage and the delta U, if the difference between Un and Us is far larger than the delta U, the charging time is increased or decreased in a larger range, if the difference between Un and Us is slightly larger than the delta U, the charging time is increased or decreased in a smaller range, and if the difference between Un and Us is smaller than the delta U, the charging time is unchanged, and finally the working time of the LC booster circuit reaching the preset high voltage is shortest.
For example, during a certain stimulation treatment, after the microcontroller 7 communicates with a PC (as shown in fig. 1), Us is set to 120V, and the predetermined high voltage is set to a range Δ U different from the reference value Us of the predetermined high voltage to 10V. After the low voltage boost high voltage feedback control module 3 boosts the low voltage of the power supply to 100V, the TVS diode is broken down, the microcontroller 7 collects the current voltage of the voltage feedback circuit, and judges that the current voltage value is smaller than the preset high voltage. Further, the microcontroller 7 calculates a next boosting time Tn according to a difference (20v) between the current voltage value (100v) and a preset high voltage reference value (120v), and sends an instruction to the low voltage boosting feedback control module 3 to boost the current voltage to the preset high voltage in a short time. As shown in fig. 5, the initial charging time value T0 in the LC boost circuit is set to 90ms, the current voltage value Un at this time is about 100V, the charging time for the next charging is calculated by the microcontroller 7 programmed instruction, and if k is 0.25ms/V, the charging time Tn for the next charging is: tn is 90-0.25 (100-120), and finally Tc is 90ms +95ms, which is about 185ms, then the instruction with the current charging time Tc of 185ms is sent by the microcontroller 7 to the LC boost circuit as the charging time of the LC boost circuit in the next charging process.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, an input terminal of the microcontroller 7 is connected to an external PC. The PC can send out an instruction to the microcontroller 7 to change the constant-current stimulation intensity and frequency of the stimulator.
The PC inputs an instruction to the microcontroller 7, sets the sleep time of the stimulator, the sleep time can be taken within the range of 1 s-7 s, sets a reference value Us of a preset high voltage, and sets an initial value T0 of the charging time in the LC booster circuit to be 90ms through the input end of the microcontroller 7. The microcontroller 7 can input and store instructions from the PC and execute the instructions according to the stored instructions; or the stimulation frequency is set according to the clinical treatment scheme by controlling and executing the stimulation frequency in real time through a PC (personal computer) and transmitting the programmed instruction to the switching circuit, the LC booster circuit, the voltage feedback circuit, the constant voltage-to-constant current module and the on-off feedback circuit through the microcontroller 7. As another embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller 7 may also directly control the functions of the switching circuit, the LC boost circuit, the voltage feedback circuit, the constant voltage to constant current module, and the on-off feedback circuit according to a programmed instruction stored therein, so as to achieve the preset stimulation frequency and stimulation intensity.
In a normal working state of the stimulator, constant current output by the constant voltage-to-constant current module 4 is output to neuromuscular tissues where the constant voltage-to-constant current module is located through the input electrode 51, a closed loop is formed in the neuromuscular tissues between the input electrode 51 and the output electrode 52, and a stimulation period can be completed by applying current stimulation, so that the electrode patch 5 of the stimulator needs to be tightly attached to the neuromuscular tissues; however, in the working process of the stimulator, the electrode patch 5 may become loose or fall off, which may cause the electrical conductivity of the current loop between the input electrode 51 and the output electrode 52 to be reduced or even broken, and at this time, the stimulation current value passing through the neuromuscular tissue becomes small or zero, and the normal stimulation treatment effect cannot be achieved. For this purpose, an on-off feedback circuit 6 is provided at one end of the output electrode 52 of the stimulator. The microcontroller 7 compares the voltage value U fed back by the on-off feedback circuit 6KAnd judging whether the electrode patch of the stimulator is normally attached to the musculature at the time interval between two consecutive stimulations. When the microcontroller 7 receives the feedback voltage U from the on-off feedback circuit 6KLess than feedback voltage threshold UyAnd a feedback voltage UKContinuously less than feedback voltage threshold UyIs longer than the currently set sleep time Ty(TyWhich may be set to 5-10 stimulation cycles), the electrode patch 5 of the stimulator may become loose or fall off, at which time the microcontroller 7 instructs the low-voltage-boosting high-voltage feedback control module 3 to turn off.
In the present embodiment, the voltage of the third resistor R3 is fed backA microcontroller 7 as a feedback voltage U in the on-off feedback circuit 6K. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the on-off feedback circuit 6 includes a first resistor R1 and a third resistor R3, the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3 are connected to the output electrode 52, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the microcontroller 7, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; the on-off feedback circuit 6 feeds back the voltage value of the third resistor R3 to the microcontroller 7 through the first resistor R1, and the microcontroller 7 can feed back the voltage value according to the on-off feedback circuit 6, when the voltage value of the third resistor R3 received by the microcontroller 7 from the on-off feedback circuit 6 is smaller than the feedback voltage threshold UyAnd is continuously less than the feedback voltage threshold UyIs longer than the current set sleep time Ty(5-10 stimulation periods), the microcontroller 7 receives the feedback and instructs the switch circuit 31 to close, and the stimulator is in a low power consumption state at the moment.
Based on this, the microcontroller 7 needs to detect the voltage value Uk across the third resistor R3 in the on-off feedback circuit 6. In this embodiment, according to the performance detection standard of the electrode impedance for the nerve and muscle stimulator, the current limit value of the stimulation electrode should be less than 100mA, the general empirical value is 15 to 30mA, the stimulation frequency is about 1 to 100Hz, that is, the stimulation period is 0.01s to 1 s. With reference to the schematic circuit diagram shown in fig. 7, the electrode patch 5 of the stimulator feeds back the voltage U in a normal use stateKIs equal to the voltage value of the third resistor R3 (i.e., U)K＝Ic×R3Where Ic denotes the stimulation current, R3Representing the resistance of the third resistor R3). In this embodiment, the resistance R of the third resistor R3 is selected351 omega, the feedback voltage U is in the normal stimulation stateKThe value of (A) is about 0.76 to about 1.53.
The value of the feedback voltage threshold value Uy is set through the PC, and the Uy should be smaller than the feedback voltage U under the normal stimulation stateKThe smaller the feedback voltage threshold Uy is set, the higher the voltage detection accuracy of the microcontroller 7 is required to be; the larger the feedback voltage threshold value Uy is, the higher the requirement on the close fit degree of the electrode patch and the neuromuscular tissue in the stimulator is. When setting the sleep time TyGreater than one stimulation period of the stimulator, can be avoidedThe feedback voltage U received by the on-off feedback circuit 6 by the microcontroller 7 is caused by the movement of muscle tissue, the voltage reduction of the electrode patch in a short time and the likeKWhether actually less than feedback voltage threshold UyA false positive is generated. In the present invention, a sleep time T is setyPreferably 5 to 10 stimulation cycles. As an embodiment of the invention, the stimulation current Ic output to the neuromuscular tissue by the constant voltage-to-constant current module is 30mA and UKIs 1.53V, the feedback voltage threshold Uy of the stimulator is set to 0.3V, and the sleep time Ty is set to 5 s. If U is detected by the voltage comparator pin of the microcontroller 7KIf the voltage is more than 0.3V, the stimulator is in a normal working state; if U is detectedKLess than 0.3V, and UKIf the duration time less than 0.3V is greater than 5s, the microcontroller 7 determines that the electrode patch 5 of the current stimulator is in a falling state, and sends a closing instruction to the switch circuit 31, so that the stimulator does not enter the next stimulation period any more, and the stimulator is adjusted to be in a low power consumption state.
In this embodiment, the microcontroller 7 selects the STM32 chip having the low power consumption mode, selects the Stop operating mode of the chip, and uses the Stop operating mode as the operating mode of the microcontroller in the low power consumption state of the stimulator, and the power consumption of the microcontroller in this mode is about 1 μ a. As shown in fig. 8, in one stimulation process, the stimulator is in a high power consumption state during the pulse charging time of the LC boost circuit 32, i.e. during the Tc time period; for the remainder of the time, i.e. during the Tf and Tx time periods, the microcontroller closes the switching circuit 31, i.e. during one stimulation cycle, wherein the Tc segment is in a high power consumption state and the Tf and Tx segments are in a low power consumption state.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, in the present embodiment, the LC boost circuit 32 boosts to a stable voltage value of 130V, and the stable charging time Tn is about 180 ms. The microcontroller 7 is set by the PC so that the microcontroller 7 outputs 1 stimulation pulse every 1s after the stimulator is turned on, i.e. T equals 1 s. In one stimulation period, the stimulator is in a high power consumption state for about 180ms (stimulation pulse width Tf <1ms, stimulation output time is ignored), and the rest 820ms are in a low power consumption state. In this embodiment, in the low power consumption state, the actual measurement value of the power consumption of the stimulator is 0.9 μ a, the stimulator is in the high power consumption state only for about 180ms, the estimated power consumption of the stimulator is about 0.58mA, and the power consumption of the stimulator is about 0.1mA in a working period of 1 s. In one embodiment of the present invention, when the stimulator is used for therapy, a lithium battery is fixedly installed in the power module, so that the stimulator can automatically supply power through an internal power supply. A working state control button can be arranged in the power module, one end of the working state control button is respectively connected with the anode of the power module and the microcontroller 7, and the other end of the working state control button is connected with the cathode of the power module. When the operating state control button is pressed, the microcontroller 7 is able to receive and calculate a duration signal of the pressing of the operating state control button.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in the power-off state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time (for example, 3 to 5 seconds), the microcontroller sends an instruction to the switch circuit 31 to change the current state of the stimulator to the working state; in the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time, the microcontroller 7 sends an instruction to the switch circuit 31 to change the current state of the stimulator to the off state.
In the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a short time, the microcontroller 7 instructs the switch circuit 31 to increase the sleep time of the stimulator in the working state once on the basis of the current value (for example, the time for increasing once is 1s) every time the working state control button is pressed for a short time (for example, the duration for pressing once is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 s). When the sleep time has reached the set upper limit (e.g., 7s), the sleep time is reset to the set lower limit (e.g., 1s) if the operating state control button is pressed a short time again. Then, once each time the working state control button is pressed, the microcontroller 7 instructs the switch circuit 31 to increase the sleep time of the stimulator in the working state once on the basis of the current value (for example, 1 s); once the current time reaches the set upper limit (for example, 7s), if the working state control button is pressed once again, the sleep time is reset to the set lower limit (1s), and the operation is repeated in a cycle.
Claims (10)
1. A low-power consumption neuromuscular stimulator, characterized in that: the device comprises a power supply module, a low-voltage boosting and voltage-boosting feedback control module, a constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, an on-off feedback circuit, a microcontroller and N pairs of electrodes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each pair of electrodes comprises an input electrode and an output electrode, each input electrode is respectively and electrically connected with the output end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module, and each output electrode is respectively and electrically connected with the input end of the on-off feedback circuit; the output end of the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module is connected with the input end of the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module; the power supply module is respectively connected with the low-voltage boosting feedback control module and the microcontroller; the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module, the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module and the on-off feedback circuit are respectively connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller can instruct the low-voltage boosting feedback control module to boost the voltage to a preset high voltage and then output the voltage to the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module, and instruct the constant-voltage-to-constant-current module to convert the constant voltage into constant current and output the constant current to each input electrode; and when the voltage value received by the microcontroller from the on-off feedback circuit is smaller than the feedback voltage threshold value and the duration continuously smaller than the feedback voltage threshold value is longer than the set sleep time, the microcontroller instructs the low-voltage and high-voltage feedback control module to close.
2. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of claim 1, wherein: the low-voltage boosting high-voltage feedback control module comprises a switching circuit (31), an LC boosting circuit (32) and a voltage feedback circuit (33); a first input end of the switch circuit (31) is connected with the power supply module (2), a second input end of the switch circuit (31) is connected with the microcontroller, an output end of the switch circuit (31) is connected with a first input end of the LC booster circuit (32), and a second input end of the LC booster circuit (32) is connected with the microcontroller; the output end of the LC booster circuit (32) is respectively connected with the input end of the voltage feedback circuit (33) and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module (4), the first output end of the voltage feedback circuit (33) is connected with the microcontroller, and the second output end of the voltage feedback circuit (33) is connected with the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module (4).
3. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of claim 2, wherein: the voltage feedback circuit (33) comprises a TVS transient suppression diode (D8), a ninth resistor (R9), a thirteenth resistor (R13), an eleventh resistor (R11) and a fourth capacitor (C4); the input end of the TVS transient suppression diode (D8) is simultaneously connected with the output end of the LC booster circuit (32) and the input end of the constant voltage-to-constant current module; the output end of the TVS transient suppression diode (D8) is connected with one end of a ninth resistor (R9), the other end of the ninth resistor (R9) is respectively and electrically connected with one end of an eleventh resistor (R11), one end of a thirteenth resistor (R13) and the positive electrode of a fourth capacitor (C4), the other end of the eleventh resistor (R11) is connected with the microcontroller, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor (R13) and the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor (C4) are respectively grounded.
4. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the on-off feedback circuit (6) comprises a first resistor (R1) and a third resistor (R3), one end of the first resistor (R1) and one end of the third resistor (R3) are respectively connected with each output electrode, the other end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with the microcontroller, and the other end of the third resistor (R3) is grounded; the on-off feedback circuit feeds back the voltage value of the third resistor (R3) to the microcontroller through the first resistor (R1), and when the voltage value of the third resistor (R3) received by the microcontroller from the on-off feedback circuit (6) is smaller than a feedback voltage threshold and the time continuously smaller than the feedback voltage threshold is longer than the set sleep time, the microcontroller receives feedback and instructs the low-voltage boost feedback control module (3) to be closed.
5. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the microprocessor (7) is connected with an external PC.
6. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the boosting process of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module, if the microcontroller judges that the current voltage value of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module acquired by the microcontroller is greater than or equal to the preset high voltage, the microcontroller sends the charging time of the current boosting of the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module to the low-voltage boosting and high-voltage feedback control module as the charging time of the next boosting; if the microcontroller judges that the current voltage value of the low-voltage boost feedback control module collected by the microcontroller is smaller than the preset high voltage, the microcontroller calculates the charging time required by the next boost of the low-voltage boost feedback control module according to the following formula (1) and sends the charging time to the low-voltage boost feedback control module:
Tn＝Tl－k(Un－Us) (1)
in formula (1), Tn is the charging time required by the low-voltage boost feedback control module for next boost, Tl is the charging time of the low-voltage boost feedback control module for this boost, k represents a single charging time variation coefficient, k is 0.25ms/V, Un is the current voltage value of the low-voltage boost feedback control module, and Us is a reference value of a preset high voltage.
7. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the lower limit of the preset high voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode (D8).
8. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps that a working state control button is arranged in a power module, one end of the working state control button is respectively connected with a positive electrode of the power module and a microcontroller, the other end of the working state control button is connected with a negative electrode of the power module, and when the working state control button is pressed down, the microcontroller can receive and calculate a pressing time length signal of the working state control button; in the shutdown state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time, the microcontroller sends an instruction to the switch circuit (31) to change the current state of the stimulator into the working state; in the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a long time, the microcontroller sends an instruction to the switch circuit (31) to change the current state of the stimulator into a power-off state; in the working state, if the working state control button is pressed for a short time, the microcontroller increases the sleep time of the stimulator in the working state once on the basis of the current value every time the working state control button is pressed for a short time, and when the sleep time reaches the set upper limit value, if the working state control button is pressed for a short time again, the sleep time is reset to the set lower limit value.
9. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of claim 8, wherein: the time length of long pressing the working state control button is 3-5 s, and the time length of short pressing the working state control button once is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1 s.
10. The low power consumption neuromuscular stimulator of claim 8 or 9, wherein: in the working state, the sleep time of the stimulator is increased by 1s on the basis of the current value every time the working state control button is pressed for a short time; when the current value of the sleep time reaches 7s, if the operating state control button is pressed once again, the sleep time is reset to 1 s.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115738078A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-07 | 杭州神络医疗科技有限公司 | Low-power-consumption operation method and device based on battery voltage |
| CN117679645A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-12 | 深圳爱倍力健康科技有限公司 | Operation monitoring method of abdominal pelvic muscle recovery equipment based on multidimensional data analysis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115738078A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-07 | 杭州神络医疗科技有限公司 | Low-power-consumption operation method and device based on battery voltage |
| CN115738078B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-11-10 | 杭州神络医疗科技有限公司 | Low-power-consumption operation method and device based on battery voltage |
| CN117679645A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-12 | 深圳爱倍力健康科技有限公司 | Operation monitoring method of abdominal pelvic muscle recovery equipment based on multidimensional data analysis |
| CN117679645B (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-05-17 | 深圳爱倍力健康科技有限公司 | Operation monitoring method of abdominal pelvic muscle recovery equipment based on multidimensional data analysis |
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