CN111544141A - Intelligent porcelain device on artificial tooth - Google Patents
Intelligent porcelain device on artificial tooth Download PDFInfo
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- CN111544141A CN111544141A CN202010400997.5A CN202010400997A CN111544141A CN 111544141 A CN111544141 A CN 111544141A CN 202010400997 A CN202010400997 A CN 202010400997A CN 111544141 A CN111544141 A CN 111544141A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide an intelligent denture porcelain applying device which comprises a fluidized bed coating machine, wherein the fluidized bed coating machine comprises a coating machine cavity (1), an air inlet pipe (2), an air outlet pipe (3), a spraying system (4) and a control system (5), wherein the spraying system (4) comprises a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump (41), a first heat-preservation stirring tank (42), a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump (43), a second heat-preservation stirring tank (44), a silicone tube (45), an atomizing gun (46), a first electromagnetic valve (47) and a second electromagnetic valve (48). The device disclosed by the invention is adopted for spraying the slurry twice, so that the porcelain is applied to the false tooth, the process production quality is stable, the porcelain is applied uniformly and compactly, the porcelain application thickness is uniform, the adhesion between the porcelain powder and the false tooth mold is strong, and the porcelain powder cannot fall off; meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively and accurately measure the temperature of the denture mold in the porcelain applying process, and is high in precision and small in error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of false teeth, in particular to an intelligent false tooth porcelain applying device.
Background
The national aging is serious, so that the market for the aged is gradually opened, the false tooth is one of the artificial teeth, the processing of the false tooth is very exquisite, the safety quality of the false tooth needs to be controlled by considering the aesthetic degree of the false tooth, and the porcelain coating of the false tooth is an important step for the processing of the false tooth.
The existing denture porcelain applying operation is mostly manual multi-station combined operation, and the denture cannot be comprehensively collected and applied, so that the finished denture is poor, the product quality is reduced, meanwhile, the denture cannot be accurately and uniformly applied by the multi-station combined porcelain applying operation, and the attractiveness and the practicability of the denture are reduced; meanwhile, the accuracy of artificial porcelain application is excessively dependent on the proficiency and experience judgment of an operator, so that the phenomenon that the thickness of the same plane of the same false tooth is uneven or porcelain powder is easy to fall off can occur, the reject ratio of the false tooth during porcelain application production is increased, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an intelligent false tooth porcelain applying device which replaces the traditional manual multi-station combined operation to automatically apply porcelain to false teeth, has high intelligent degree and high precision, and avoids the condition that the thickness of the same plane is uneven or the phenomenon that porcelain powder is easy to fall off after porcelain application in the porcelain applying process; the device realizes stable and batch porcelain application to the false tooth, has high product quality and saves a large amount of manpower and material resources.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an intelligent denture porcelain-applying device is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed coating machine, wherein the fluidized bed coating machine comprises a coating machine cavity, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a spraying system and a control system; the lower end of the cavity of the coating machine is connected with the air inlet pipe, a first gas flow rate sensor and a first pressure sensor are arranged at the connection part, the upper end of the cavity of the coating machine is connected with the air outlet pipe, and a second gas flow rate sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged at the connection part; the spraying system comprises a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump, a first heat-preservation stirring tank, a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump, a second heat-preservation stirring tank, a silicone tube and an atomizing gun, wherein the first heat-preservation stirring tank is connected with the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump through the silicone tube and then connected with the atomizing gun, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the silicone tube connected with the atomizing gun by the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump, the second heat-preservation stirring tank is connected with the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump through the silicone tube and then connected with the atomizing gun, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the silicone tube connected with the atomizing gun by the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve respectively control the discharging of the first heat-preservation stirring tank and the second heat-preservation stirring tank, and the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are not interfered with each other; the atomizing guns are uniformly distributed in the coating machine cavity and are used for providing slurry spraying required by porcelain coating; a gas distributor is arranged at the upper end of the connection part of the coating machine cavity and the gas inlet pipe and is used for controlling gas to be uniformly distributed and collecting false teeth falling off after being coated with porcelain; and a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of third pressure sensors are uniformly distributed in the coating machine cavity in the vertical direction.
For further optimization, the control system is electrically connected with the fluidized bed coating machine.
When the existing mechanical porcelain applying device for the false tooth is sprayed with slurry, porcelain powder is easy to disperse in the air, so that the waste of the porcelain powder is caused, the actual utilization rate of the porcelain powder is reduced, and the porcelain applying cost of the false tooth is increased; above-mentioned device wraps up the porcelain powder in the capsule machine cavity, has improved the utilization ratio of porcelain powder, and the porcelain powder of not wrapping up the artificial tooth simultaneously can also be collected, very big reduction the waste of powder, reduced the cost of artificial tooth production.
Further optimization, the method for applying porcelain to the false tooth by the device comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an adhesive, dividing the adhesive into two parts, putting one part of the adhesive into a first heat-preservation stirring tank for stirring, adding porcelain powder into the other part of the adhesive, putting the mixture into a second heat-preservation stirring tank for stirring and dispersing uniformly to obtain a guniting liquid; taking the denture mold, placing the denture mold in a cavity of a coating machine as a base material, spraying for two times, wherein the first spraying is to open a first electromagnetic valve and a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump, uniformly spraying the adhesive in a first heat-preserving stirring tank on the surface of the denture mold, and drying; then, carrying out second-time guniting, opening a second electromagnetic valve and a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump, closing the first electromagnetic valve and the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump at the same time, uniformly spraying guniting liquid in a second heat-preservation stirring tank on the surface of the denture mold, and drying;
during the processes of spraying and drying, the temperature of the denture in the cavity of the coating machine is monitored in real time, so that the temperature of the denture mold is controlled in real time, and the temperature of the denture mold is adjustable and controllable; the temperature when the porcelain powder suspension is combined with the denture dental model is an important factor for ensuring the quality of porcelain on the denture, and if the temperature is not controlled well, the porcelain powder suspension and the denture dental model can not be completely or partially combined, so that the thickness of the porcelain is uneven, and the porcelain powder is easy to fall off; however, in the porcelain applying process by adopting the fluidized bed coating machine, the false tooth is always suspended in the air flow, and the temperature of the false tooth cannot be directly measured by the sensor, so that the temperature of the false tooth cannot be accurately known in the porcelain applying process, and the porcelain applying process is influenced;
monitoring the temperature of the false tooth in the cavity of the coating machine in the porcelain applying process: obtaining the variation of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the relation between the energy and the temperature, and finally adding the initial temperature of the denture mold before entering the cavity of the coating machine and the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine to obtain the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine;
the correlation formula of energy and temperature is:
E＝cmT＝cnMT
further optimized, the first time of guniting is to place the denture mold in a cavity of a coating machine and control the air inlet temperature of an air inlet pipe to be 110-120 ℃ and the air inlet amount to be 50-70 m3H, enabling the denture mold to freely roll in the cavity of the coating machine; measuring the temperature of the denture mold by the method for monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the fluidized bed coating machine, spraying the adhesive in a first heat-preservation stirring tank after the temperature of the denture mold reaches the required temperature, setting the spraying speed of a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump to be 40-70 ml/min, and setting the mass ratio of the adhesive used by the denture mold and the first spraying to be 1: 150 to 180 parts; after the first-time guniting adhesive is sprayed, the denture die needs to be dried in the coating machine cavity for 30-50 min, the temperature of the denture is monitored in real time by a method of monitoring the temperature of the denture die in the coating machine cavity, and then the drying temperature is regulated and controlled, so that the adhesive forms an adhesive film on the surface of the denture.
The second guniting is to evenly spray guniting liquid in a second heat-preservation stirring tank on the surface of the false tooth after the first guniting is finished and dried, and to control the air inlet temperature of an air inlet pipe to be 120-130 ℃ and the air inlet amount to be 60 ℃80m3And h, the guniting speed of the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump is 40-70 ml/min, the denture dental model must be ensured to roll in the cavity of the coating machine in the guniting process, and the mass ratio of the denture dental model to the second guniting liquid is 1: 230-260, after the second spraying of the slurry liquid is finished, continuously drying the denture in the coating machine cavity for 2-3 hours, monitoring the temperature of the denture in real time by a method of monitoring the temperature of the denture tooth mold in the coating machine cavity, and further regulating and controlling the drying temperature, so that the porcelain powder is firmly adhered to the surface of the denture tooth mold, and then entering the subsequent procedures.
For further optimization, the specific steps of monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine are as follows:
firstly, measuring the cross sectional areas of the connecting part of the air inlet pipe and the coating machine cavity and the connecting part of the air outlet pipe and the coating machine cavity, and then respectively testing the air speed and the pressure of the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole in the ceramic loading process through a first air flow velocity sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second air flow velocity sensor and a second pressure sensor to obtain the energy of inlet hot air and the energy of exhaust hot air of the fluidized bed coating machine;
the specific formula is as follows:
PV＝nRT；
in the formula, E1Represents the energy of hot air of the air inlet of the fluidized bed coating machine; c. C1Represents the specific heat capacity of the intake gas; p1The pressure at the air inlet is represented and obtained through an air inlet pressure sensor; m1Represents the molar mass of the intake gas; v. of1Representing the flow rate of the inlet gas, obtained by a gas flow rate sensor of the inlet port; s1Representing the cross-sectional area of the inlet port; Δ t1The time is expressed as a small time at the joint of the air inlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; e2Showing the energy of hot air discharged by a fluidized bed coating machineAn amount; c. C2Representing the specific heat capacity of the outlet gas; p2The pressure at the air outlet is represented and obtained through an air outlet hole pressure sensor; m2Representing the molar mass of the gas out; v. of2The flow rate of the gas to be discharged is represented and obtained through a gas flow rate sensor of the gas outlet; s2Showing the cross-sectional area of the vent; Δ t2The expressed time is a small time at the joint of the air outlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; r is a constant;
then obtaining the whole energy change of the coating machine cavity of the fluidized bed coating machine through the energy change of the gas part in the coating machine cavity and the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
E3＝E31+E32；
in the formula, E3Representing the overall energy change of the coater chamber; e31Representing the energy change of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine; e32Representing the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity;
wherein, regard the capsule machine cavity as a whole, through the change of third pressure sensor, test the change of pressure in the capsule machine cavity promptly to obtain the energy change of the internal gas part of capsule machine cavity (because capsule machine cavity volume is unchangeable and specific heat capacity, molar mass are confirmed by gaseous composition), specific formula is:
in the formula, c3Representing the specific heat capacity of the gas in the cavity of the coating machine; v3Representing the volume of the coater chamber; m3Represents the molar mass of the gas in the coater chamber; Δ P represents the pressure change within the coater chamber;
the change of the cavity wall and the energy lost by energy radiation to the external environment are comprehensively calculated to obtain the change of the cavity wall energy, namely:
E32＝E321+E322；
in the formula, E321Indicating change in energy of the chamber wall itselfMelting; e322Representing the energy lost by the radiation of energy from the cavity wall to the external environment;
finally, measuring the variation △ E of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine through the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation △ T of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine, and finally obtaining the temperature T of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine1The concrete formula is as follows:
ΔE＝E1-E2-E3；
T1＝T2+∫ΔTdt；
in the formula, c4Representing the specific heat capacity of the denture mold; m is4Representing the quality of the denture mold; t is2Indicating the initial temperature of the denture mold prior to entering the fluid bed coater.
During the production process, the temperature of the cavity wall of the cavity of the coating machine is consistent in the horizontal direction, the temperature values are different in the vertical direction, and the vertical difference of the temperature of the cavity wall affects the internal gas of the cavity of the coating machine, so that the temperature of the internal gas generates vertical difference; because the gas pressure is influenced by the temperature, if a pressure sensor at a certain point or a plurality of points is singly arranged in the cavity of the coating machine, the pressure change in the cavity of the coating machine cannot be accurately obtained, and further, the energy change of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine has larger deviation, and the measurement and control of the temperature of the denture mold are influenced;
for further optimization, the method for testing the energy of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine specifically comprises the following steps: the cavity of the coating machine is divided into S sections in the vertical direction, a third pressure sensor is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of each section, and then the pressure intensity of the pressure sensors in the same section is obtained
Then obtaining the pressure change delta P in the cavity of the whole coating machine; the concrete formula is as follows:
further optimization is carried out, the temperature of the cavity wall is consistent in the horizontal direction, the temperature values are different in the vertical direction, and the temperatures from the bottom to the top are sequentially decreased; in order to eliminate the difference of the temperature in the vertical direction while considering the temperature of each part of the cavity wall, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the obtained energy of the cavity wall of the whole coating machine cavity and the accuracy of the finally obtained temperature of the denture mold, the specific steps of the test of the energy change of the cavity wall are as follows:
dividing the cavity wall of a coating machine cavity into N sections in the vertical direction, respectively arranging temperature sensors at two ends of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity and at boundary points between the sections, and sequentially numbering t from bottom to top0，t1，...，tN-1，tN(ii) a The proportion of the height of each section to the total height of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is r0，r1，...，rN-1；
The energy change of the cavity wall itself is:
in the formula, c5The specific heat capacity of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is represented; m is5Representing the quality of the wall of the cavity of the coating machine; delta TiShowing the temperature change of the ith section in the vertical direction of the coater chamber.
Further optimization is carried out, and the energy lost by energy radiation of the cavity wall to the external environment is obtained by measuring the temperature of the cavity wall of the cavity of the coating machine and the temperature of the external environment; the method comprises the following specific steps:
E322＝αA(Tw-T3)；
wherein α represents the cavity surface heat transfer coefficient of the coater, A represents the heat transfer area, and T represents the heat transfer areawIndicating the temperature of the cavity wall of the coater cavity; t is3Represents the ambient temperature;
the cavity of the coating machine is a closed cavity and the temperature of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavityEnergy E greater than ambient temperature and lost heat by convective heat transfer3221And energy E of radiation heat transfer and heat loss3222Obtaining the energy lost by the energy radiation of the cavity wall to the external environment, namely:
E322＝E3221+E3222；
E3221＝αcAw1(Tw-T3)；
E3222＝αqAw2(Tw-T3)；
in the formula, αcRepresents the convective heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew1Indicating the convective heat transfer area αqRepresents the radiant heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew2Represents the radiant heat transfer area;
the convection heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are both acted on the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity, so Aw1＝Aw2，
E322＝(αc+αq)Aw(Tw-T3)＝αTAw(Tw-T3)；
In the formula, αTRepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the combined convection-radiation surface; a. thewRepresenting the heat transfer area of the wall of the chamber, i.e. the area of the entire coater chamber, and αT＝9.4+0.052(Tw-T3)。
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the device disclosed by the invention is used for porcelain application on the false tooth, and the fluidized bed coating machine can perform batch operation on the basis of ensuring uniform and compact porcelain application, so that the waste of porcelain powder is avoided, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, the error of porcelain application manually or the excessive dependence on the proficiency and experience judgment of an operator are avoided, the production process is simple, the operability is high, stable mechanical production can be achieved, and the consistency is good.
(2) The device disclosed by the invention is adopted for carrying out two-time guniting, the technical problem of unstable production quality in the traditional process is solved, the thickness of the porcelain powder at each part and among multiple grains of the produced porcelain denture is uniform, the RSD among the multiple grains can be less than 5%, the RSD among multiple points among single grains is less than 3%, the adhesion between the porcelain powder and the denture tooth mold is strong, the porcelain powder cannot fall off, the powder falling rate in a simulated collision experiment is less than 0.03%, and the denture is long in service life.
(3) The device can effectively and accurately measure the temperature of the denture mold in the porcelain applying process, does not need to attach a sensor to the denture mold to influence the porcelain applying of the denture mold, and does not need to measure the temperature of gas in an operation cavity (the gas in the operation cavity has violent molecular motion to cause temperature difference, and if the temperature of the gas in the operation cavity is measured, a larger error exists). The false tooth dental model temperature that the device measured is accurate, and the error is less, measures at the condition that does not block normal production and go on to guarantee to go up the adjustable controllable of false tooth dental model temperature among the porcelain technology, guarantee the effective combination of false tooth dental model and porcelain powder suspension, further guarantee to go up porcelain thickness even, the bonding of porcelain powder and false tooth dental model is strong, and the porcelain powder can not drop easily.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a porcelain fitting for a denture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein; 1. a coating machine cavity; 11. a gas distributor; 12. a third pressure sensor; 13. a temperature sensor; 2. an air inlet pipe; 21. a first gas flow rate sensor; 22. a first pressure sensor; 3. an air outlet pipe; 31. a second gas flow rate sensor; 32. a second pressure sensor; 4. a spray system; 41. a first variable frequency peristaltic pump; 42. a first heat-preserving stirring tank; 43. a second variable frequency peristaltic pump; 44. a second heat-preservation stirring tank; 45. a silicone tube; 46. an atomizing gun; 47. a first solenoid valve; 48. a second solenoid valve; 5. and (5) controlling the system.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only used for further illustration of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an intelligent denture porcelain-applying device is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed coating machine, wherein the fluidized bed coating machine comprises a coating machine cavity 1, an air inlet pipe 2, an air outlet pipe 3, a spraying system 4 and a control system 5; the lower end of the coating machine cavity 1 is connected with the air inlet pipe 2, a first gas flow velocity sensor 21 and a first pressure sensor 22 are arranged at the connection part, the upper end of the coating machine cavity 1 is connected with the air outlet pipe 3, and a second gas flow velocity sensor 31 and a second pressure sensor 32 are arranged at the connection part; the spraying system 4 comprises a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump 41, a first heat-preservation stirring tank 42, a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump 43, a second heat-preservation stirring tank 44, a silicone tube 45 and an atomizing gun 46, wherein the first heat-preservation stirring tank 42 is connected with the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump 41 through the silicone tube 45 and then connected with the atomizing gun 46, a first electromagnetic valve 47 is arranged on the silicone tube 45, which is used for connecting the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump 41 with the atomizing gun 46, the second heat-preservation stirring tank 44 is connected with the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump 43 through the silicone tube 45 and then connected with the atomizing gun 46, a second electromagnetic valve 48 is arranged on the silicone tube 45, which is used for connecting the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump 43 with the atomizing gun 46, the first electromagnetic valve 47 and the second electromagnetic valve 48 respectively control the discharging of the first heat-preservation stirring tank 42 and the second heat-preservation stirring tank 44, and the first electromagnetic valve 47 and the; the atomizing guns 46 are uniformly distributed in the coating machine cavity 1 and are used for providing slurry spraying required by porcelain coating; and an air distributor 11 is arranged at the upper end of the connection part of the coating machine cavity 1 and the air inlet pipe 2 and used for controlling the uniform distribution of air and collecting false teeth which fall off after porcelain is applied. A plurality of temperature sensor 13 and a plurality of third pressure sensor 12 of evenly distributed of the inside vertical direction distribution of coating machine cavity 1 specifically do: the inner part of the cavity 1 of the coating machine is evenly divided into S sections in the vertical direction, a third pressure sensor 12 is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of each section, the cavity wall of the cavity 1 of the coating machine is divided into N sections in the vertical direction, and then temperature sensors 13 are respectively arranged at two ends of the cavity wall of the cavity 1 of the coating machine and at the dividing points between the sections. The control system 5 is electrically connected with the fluidized bed coating machine.
Example 2:
an intelligent porcelain-applying method for false teeth comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an adhesive (the adhesive can be a conventional adhesive used for false teeth in the field, or can be specifically prepared, for example, the adhesive consists of polyacrylic resin II, sodium alginate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and an ethanol solution, the mass ratio of the polyacrylic resin II to the sodium alginate to the gelatin to the titanium dioxide to the ethanol solution is 1-3: 0.7-1.2: 8-12: 0.5-0.8: 100, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 20-28%, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 20-50 nm, the gelatin freezing value is 260-280 Bloomg), then dividing the adhesive into two parts, putting one part of the adhesive into a first heat-preserving stirring tank for stirring, adding the other part of the adhesive into ceramic powder, putting the other part of the adhesive into a second heat-preserving stirring tank for stirring and dispersing uniformly to serve as a slurry spraying liquid, the mass ratio of the ceramic powder to the adhesive in the slurry spraying liquid is 1: 30-35, preferably 1: 32; taking a denture dental model, placing the denture dental model in a cavity of a coating machine as a base material, and spraying the base material twice;
the first time of guniting is to place the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine and control the air inlet temperature of the air inlet pipe to be 110-120 ℃ and the air inlet amount to be 50-70 m3H, enabling the denture mold to freely roll in the cavity of the coating machine; the temperature of the denture mold is measured by the method for monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the fluidized bed coating machine, after the temperature of the denture mold reaches the required temperature, the first electromagnetic valve and the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump are opened in the cavity of the coating machine, the adhesive in the first heat-preservation stirring tank is sprayed, the spraying speed of the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump is set to be 40-70 ml/min, preferably 55ml/min, and the mass ratio of the adhesive used by the denture mold to the adhesive used by the first spraying is 1: 150-180, preferably 1: 165; after the first spraying of the adhesive, drying the denture mold in a coating machine cavity for 30-50 min, preferably 40min, monitoring the temperature of the denture in real time by a method for monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the coating machine cavity, and further regulating and controlling the drying temperature to enable the adhesive to form an adhesive film on the surface of the denture;
and then carrying out second-time guniting, wherein the second-time guniting is that after the first-time guniting is finished and the drying is finished, a second electromagnetic valve and a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump are opened, the first electromagnetic valve and the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump are closed simultaneously, guniting liquid in a second heat-preservation stirring tank is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the false tooth, and the air inlet temperature of an air inlet pipe is controlled to be 120 to 130 ℃ and 60 to 80m of intake air3And h, the spraying speed of the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump is 40-70 ml/min, preferably 55ml/min, the denture mold is required to be rolled in the cavity of the coating machine in the spraying process, and the mass ratio of the denture mold to the second spraying liquid is 1: 230-260, preferably 1:245, after the second spraying of the slurry liquid is finished, continuously drying the denture in the coating machine cavity for 2-3 hours, preferably 2.5 hours, monitoring the temperature of the denture in real time by a method of monitoring the temperature of the denture in the coating machine cavity, further regulating and controlling the drying temperature, enabling the porcelain powder to be firmly adhered to the surface of the denture, and then entering the subsequent procedures.
Example 3:
during the processes of spraying and drying, the temperature of the denture in the cavity of the coating machine is monitored in real time, so that the temperature of the denture mold is controlled in real time, and the temperature of the denture mold is adjustable and controllable; the temperature when the porcelain powder suspension is combined with the denture dental model is an important factor for ensuring the quality of porcelain on the denture, and if the temperature is not controlled well, the porcelain powder suspension and the denture dental model can not be completely or partially combined, so that the thickness of the porcelain is uneven, and the porcelain powder is easy to fall off; however, in the porcelain applying process by adopting the fluidized bed coating machine, the false tooth is always suspended in the air flow, and the temperature of the false tooth cannot be directly measured by the sensor, so that the temperature of the false tooth cannot be accurately known in the porcelain applying process, and the porcelain applying process is influenced;
monitoring the temperature of the false tooth in the cavity of the coating machine in the porcelain applying process: obtaining the variation of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the relation between the energy and the temperature, and finally adding the initial temperature of the denture mold before entering the cavity of the coating machine and the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine to obtain the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine;
the correlation formula of energy and temperature is:
E＝cmT＝cnMT
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, measuring the cross-sectional area of the connecting part of the air inlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine and the connecting part of the air outlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine, thenThen respectively testing the gas speed and the pressure of the gas inlet hole and the gas outlet hole in the ceramic loading process through a first gas flow velocity sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second gas flow velocity sensor and a second pressure sensor to obtain the energy of inlet hot air and the energy of exhaust hot air of the fluidized bed coating machine; analyzing the flow speed and temperature of gas in the whole denture production process, wherein the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed coating machine is 110-130 ℃, and the air inlet volume is 50-80 m3H, which can be approximated as a complete gas with a constant specific heat ratio;
the specific formula is as follows:
PV＝nRT；
in the formula, E1Represents the energy of hot air of the air inlet of the fluidized bed coating machine; c. C1Represents the specific heat capacity of the intake gas; p1The pressure at the air inlet is represented and obtained through an air inlet pressure sensor; m1Represents the molar mass of the intake gas; v. of1Representing the flow rate of the inlet gas, obtained by a gas flow rate sensor of the inlet port; s1Representing the cross-sectional area of the inlet port; Δ t1The time is expressed as a small time at the joint of the air inlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; e2Represents the energy of hot air discharged by the fluidized bed coating machine; c. C2Representing the specific heat capacity of the outlet gas; p2The pressure at the air outlet is represented and obtained through an air outlet hole pressure sensor; m2Representing the molar mass of the gas out; v. of2The flow rate of the gas to be discharged is represented and obtained through a gas flow rate sensor of the gas outlet; s2Showing the cross-sectional area of the vent; Δ t2The expressed time is a small time at the joint of the air outlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; r is a constant;
then obtaining the whole energy change of the coating machine cavity of the fluidized bed coating machine through the energy change of the gas part in the coating machine cavity and the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
E3＝E31+E32；
in the formula, E3Representing the overall energy change of the coater chamber; e31Representing the energy change of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine; e32Representing the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity;
wherein, regard the capsule machine cavity as a whole, through the change of third pressure sensor, test the change of pressure in the capsule machine cavity promptly to obtain the energy change of the internal gas part of capsule machine cavity (because capsule machine cavity volume is unchangeable and specific heat capacity, molar mass are confirmed by gaseous composition), specific formula is:
in the formula, c3Representing the specific heat capacity of the gas in the cavity of the coating machine; v3Representing the volume of the coater chamber; m3Represents the molar mass of the gas in the coater chamber; Δ P represents the pressure change within the coater chamber;
during the production process, the temperature of the cavity wall of the cavity of the coating machine is consistent in the horizontal direction, the temperature values are different in the vertical direction, and the vertical difference of the temperature of the cavity wall affects the internal gas of the cavity of the coating machine, so that the temperature of the internal gas generates vertical difference; because the gas pressure is influenced by the temperature, if a pressure sensor at a certain point or a plurality of points is singly arranged in the cavity of the coating machine, the pressure change in the cavity of the coating machine cannot be accurately obtained, and further, the energy change of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine has larger deviation, and the measurement and control of the temperature of the denture mold are influenced;
the method for testing the energy of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine specifically comprises the following steps: the cavity of the coating machine is divided into S sections in the vertical direction, a third pressure sensor is symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of each section, and then the pressure intensity of the pressure sensors in the same section is obtained
Then obtaining the pressure change delta P in the cavity of the whole coating machine; the concrete formula is as follows:
the change of the cavity wall and the energy lost by energy radiation to the external environment are comprehensively calculated to obtain the change of the cavity wall energy, namely:
E32＝E321+E322；
in the formula, E321Representing the energy change of the cavity wall itself; e322Representing the energy lost by the radiation of energy from the cavity wall to the external environment;
the temperature of the cavity walls is consistent in the horizontal direction, the temperature values are different in the vertical direction, and the temperatures from the bottom to the top are sequentially decreased; in order to eliminate the difference of the temperature in the vertical direction while considering the temperature of each part of the cavity wall, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the obtained energy of the cavity wall of the whole coating machine cavity and the accuracy of finally obtaining the temperature of the denture mold, the specific steps of the test of the energy change of the cavity wall are as follows:
dividing the cavity wall of a coating machine cavity into N sections in the vertical direction, respectively arranging temperature sensors at two ends of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity and at boundary points between the sections, and sequentially numbering t from bottom to top0，t1，...，tN-1，tN(ii) a The proportion of the height of each section to the total height of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is r0，r1，...，rN-1；
The energy change of the chamber wall itself is:
in the formula, c5The specific heat capacity of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is represented; m is5Representing the quality of the wall of the cavity of the coating machine; delta TiShowing the temperature change of the ith section in the vertical direction of the cavity wall of the coating machine.
The energy lost by the energy radiation from the cavity wall to the external environment is obtained by measuring the temperature of the cavity wall of the operation cavity and the temperature of the external environment; the method comprises the following specific steps:
E322＝αA(Tw-T3)；
wherein α represents the heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the cavity of the operation cavity, A represents the heat transfer area, and T represents the heat transfer areawIndicating the temperature of the wall of the working cavity; t is3Represents the ambient temperature;
the cavity of the coating machine is a closed cavity, the temperature of the cavity wall of the cavity of the coating machine is higher than the temperature of the external environment, and the energy E of heat loss is transferred through convection3221And energy E of radiation heat transfer and heat loss3222Obtaining the energy lost by the energy radiation of the cavity wall to the external environment, namely:
E322＝E3221+E3222；
E3221＝αcAw1(Tw-T3)；
E3222＝αqAw2(Tw-T3)；
in the formula, αcRepresents the convective heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew1Indicating the convective heat transfer area αqRepresents the radiant heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew2Represents the radiant heat transfer area;
the convection heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer act on the wall of the operation cavity, so that Aw1＝Aw2，
E322＝(αc+αq)Aw(Tw-T3)＝αTAw(Tw-T3)；
In the formula, αTRepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the combined convection-radiation surface; a. thewRepresenting the heat transfer area of the chamber wall, i.e., the area of the entire process chamber, and αT＝9.4+0.052(Tw-T3)。
To sum up, the change in cavity wall energy is:
finally, measuring the variation △ E of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine through the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation △ T of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine, and finally obtaining the temperature T of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine1The concrete formula is as follows:
ΔE＝E1-E2-E3＝E1-E2-(E31+E321+E322)；
T1＝T2+∫ΔTdt；
in the formula, c4Represents the specific heat capacity of the denture; m is4Representing the quality of the denture; t is2Indicating the initial temperature of the denture before entering the coater chamber.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent denture porcelain-applying device is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed coating machine, wherein the fluidized bed coating machine comprises a coating machine cavity (1), an air inlet pipe (2), an air outlet pipe (3), a spraying system (4) and a control system (5); the lower end of the coating machine cavity (1) is connected with the air inlet pipe (2), a first gas flow velocity sensor (21) and a first pressure sensor (22) are arranged at the connection part, the upper end of the coating machine cavity (1) is connected with the air outlet pipe (3), and a second gas flow velocity sensor (31) and a second pressure sensor (32) are arranged at the connection part; the spraying system (4) comprises a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump (41), a first heat-preservation stirring tank (42), a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump (43), a second heat-preservation stirring tank (44), a silicone tube (45) and an atomizing gun (46), wherein the first heat-preservation stirring tank (42) is connected with the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump (41) through the silicone tube (45) and then is connected with the atomizing gun (46), a first electromagnetic valve (47) is arranged on the silicone tube (45) connecting the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump (41) and the atomizing gun (46), the second heat-preservation stirring tank (44) is connected with the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump (43) through the silicone tube (45) and then is connected with the atomizing gun (46), and a second electromagnetic valve (48) is arranged on the silicone tube (45) connecting the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump (43) and the atomizing gun (46); the atomizing guns (46) are uniformly distributed in the coating machine cavity (1); a gas distributor (11) is arranged at the upper end of the connection part of the coating machine cavity (1) and the gas inlet pipe (2); a plurality of temperature sensors (13) and a plurality of third pressure sensors (12) are distributed in the coating machine cavity (1) in the vertical direction.
2. The intelligent denture porcelain-applying device according to claim 1, wherein: the control system (5) is electrically connected with the fluidized bed coating machine.
3. An intelligent denture porcelain-applying method using the device according to claim 1, wherein: firstly, preparing an adhesive, dividing the adhesive into two parts, putting one part of the adhesive into a first heat-preservation stirring tank for stirring, adding porcelain powder into the other part of the adhesive, putting the mixture into a second heat-preservation stirring tank for stirring and dispersing uniformly to obtain a guniting liquid; taking the denture mold, placing the denture mold in a cavity of a coating machine as a base material, spraying for two times, wherein the first spraying is to open a first electromagnetic valve and a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump, uniformly spraying the adhesive in a first heat-preserving stirring tank on the surface of the denture mold, and drying; then, carrying out second-time guniting, opening a second electromagnetic valve and a second variable-frequency peristaltic pump, closing the first electromagnetic valve and the first variable-frequency peristaltic pump at the same time, uniformly spraying guniting liquid in a second heat-preservation stirring tank on the surface of the denture mold, and drying;
during the processes of spraying and drying, the temperature of the denture in the cavity of the coating machine is monitored in real time, so that the temperature of the denture mold is controlled in real time, and the temperature of the denture mold is adjustable and controllable;
monitoring the temperature of the false tooth in the cavity of the coating machine in the porcelain applying process: obtaining the variation of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine according to the relation between the energy and the temperature, and finally adding the initial temperature of the denture mold before entering the cavity of the coating machine and the variation of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine to obtain the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine;
the correlation equation of energy and temperature may be:
E＝cmT＝cnMT。
4. the intelligent denture porcelain-applying method according to claim 3, wherein: the first time of guniting is to place the denture mold in a cavity of a coating machine and control the air inlet temperature of an air inlet pipe to be 110-120 ℃ and the air inlet amount to be 50-70 m3H, enabling the denture mold to freely roll in the cavity of the coating machine; measuring the temperature of the denture mold by the method for monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the fluidized bed coating machine, spraying the adhesive in a first heat-preservation stirring tank after the temperature of the denture mold reaches the required temperature, setting the spraying speed of a first variable-frequency peristaltic pump to be 40-70 ml/min, and setting the mass ratio of the adhesive used by the denture mold and the first spraying to be 1: 150 to 180 parts; after the first-time guniting adhesive is sprayed, the denture die needs to be dried in the coating machine cavity for 30-50 min, the temperature of the denture is monitored in real time by a method of monitoring the temperature of the denture die in the coating machine cavity, and then the drying temperature is regulated and controlled, so that the adhesive forms an adhesive film on the surface of the denture.
5. The intelligent denture porcelain-applying method according to claim 4, wherein: the second guniting is to evenly spray guniting liquid in a second heat-preservation stirring tank on the surface of the false tooth after the first guniting is finished and dried, and the air inlet temperature of an air inlet pipe is controlled to be 120-130 ℃ and the air inlet amount is controlled to be 60-80 m3The spraying speed of the second variable-frequency peristaltic pump is 40-70 ml/min, the rolling of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine must be ensured in the spraying process, and the quality of the denture mold and the second spraying liquidThe ratio is 1: 230-260, after the second spraying of the slurry liquid is finished, continuously drying the denture in the coating machine cavity for 2-3 hours, monitoring the temperature of the denture in real time by a method of monitoring the temperature of the denture tooth mold in the coating machine cavity, and further regulating and controlling the drying temperature, so that the porcelain powder is firmly adhered to the surface of the denture tooth mold, and then entering the subsequent procedures.
6. The intelligent denture porcelain-applying method according to claim 3, wherein:
the specific steps of monitoring the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine can be as follows:
firstly, measuring the cross sectional areas of the connecting part of the air inlet pipe and the coating machine cavity and the connecting part of the air outlet pipe and the coating machine cavity, and then respectively testing the air speed and the pressure of the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole in the ceramic loading process through a first air flow velocity sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second air flow velocity sensor and a second pressure sensor to obtain the energy of inlet hot air and the energy of exhaust hot air of the fluidized bed coating machine;
the specific formula is as follows:
PV＝nRT；
in the formula, E1Represents the energy of hot air of the air inlet of the fluidized bed coating machine; c. C1Represents the specific heat capacity of the intake gas; p1The pressure at the air inlet is represented and obtained through an air inlet pressure sensor; m1Represents the molar mass of the intake gas; v is1Representing the flow rate of the inlet gas, obtained by a gas flow rate sensor of the inlet port; s1Representing the cross-sectional area of the inlet port; Δ t1The time is expressed as a small time at the joint of the air inlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; e2Represents the energy of hot air discharged by the fluidized bed coating machine; c. C2Indicating the gas of the exhaustSpecific heat capacity; p2The pressure at the air outlet is represented and obtained through an air outlet hole pressure sensor; m2Representing the molar mass of the gas out; v. of2The flow rate of the gas to be discharged is represented and obtained through a gas flow rate sensor of the gas outlet; s2Showing the cross-sectional area of the vent; Δ t2The expressed time is a small time at the joint of the air outlet pipe and the cavity of the coating machine; r is a constant;
then obtaining the whole energy change of the coating machine cavity of the fluidized bed coating machine through the energy change of the gas part in the coating machine cavity and the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
E3＝E31+E32；
in the formula, E3Representing the overall energy change of the coater chamber; e31Representing the energy change of the gas part in the cavity of the coating machine; e32Representing the energy change of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity;
wherein, regarding the capsule machine cavity as a whole, through the change of third pressure sensor, namely the change of the pressure in the test capsule machine cavity to obtain the energy change of the internal gas part of capsule machine cavity, the concrete formula is:
in the formula, c3Representing the specific heat capacity of the gas in the cavity of the coating machine; v3Representing the volume of the coater chamber; m3Represents the molar mass of the gas in the coater chamber; Δ P represents the pressure change within the coater chamber;
the change of the cavity wall and the energy lost by energy radiation to the external environment are comprehensively calculated to obtain the change of the cavity wall energy, namely:
E32＝E321+E322；
in the formula, E321Representing the energy change of the cavity wall itself; e322Representing the energy lost by the radiation of energy from the cavity wall to the external environment;
finally get throughMeasuring the variation △ E of the energy of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine by the law of conservation of energy, then obtaining the variation △ T of the temperature of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine, and finally obtaining the temperature T of the denture mold in the cavity of the coating machine1The concrete formula is as follows:
ΔE＝E1-E2-E3；
T1＝T2+∫ΔTdt；
in the formula, c4Representing the specific heat capacity of the denture mold; m is4Representing the quality of the denture mold; t is2Indicating the initial temperature of the denture mold prior to entering the fluid bed coater.
7. The intelligent denture porcelain-applying method according to claim 6, wherein:
the specific steps of the test of the energy change of the cavity wall are as follows:
dividing the cavity wall of a coating machine cavity into N sections in the vertical direction, respectively arranging temperature sensors at two ends of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity and at boundary points between the sections, and sequentially numbering t from bottom to top0，t1，...，tN-1，tN(ii) a The proportion of the height of each section to the total height of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is r0，r1，...，rN-1；
The energy change of the cavity wall itself is:
in the formula, c5The specific heat capacity of the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity is represented; m is5Representing the quality of the wall of the cavity of the coating machine; delta TiShowing the temperature change of the ith section in the vertical direction of the coater chamber.
8. The intelligent denture porcelain-applying method according to claim 7, wherein:
the energy lost by the energy radiation from the cavity wall to the external environment is obtained by measuring the cavity wall temperature of the cavity of the coating machine and the external environment temperature; the method comprises the following specific steps:
E322＝αA(Tw-T3)；
wherein α represents the cavity surface heat transfer coefficient of the coater, A represents the heat transfer area, and T represents the heat transfer areawIndicating the temperature of the cavity wall of the coater cavity; t is3Represents the ambient temperature;
the cavity of the coating machine is a closed cavity, the temperature of the cavity wall of the cavity of the coating machine is higher than the temperature of the external environment, and the energy E of heat loss is transferred through convection3221And energy E of radiation heat transfer and heat loss3222Obtaining the energy lost by the energy radiation of the cavity wall to the external environment, namely:
E322＝E3221+E3222；
E3221＝αcAw1(Tw-T3)；
E3222＝αqAw2(Tw-T3)；
in the formula, αcRepresents the convective heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew1Indicating the convective heat transfer area αqRepresents the radiant heat transfer surface heat transfer coefficient; a. thew2Represents the radiant heat transfer area;
the convection heat transfer and the radiation heat transfer are both acted on the cavity wall of the coating machine cavity, so Aw1＝Aw2，
E322＝(αc+αq)Aw(Tw-T3)＝αTAw(Tw-T3)；
In the formula, αTRepresents the heat transfer coefficient of the combined convection-radiation surface; a. thewRepresenting the heat transfer area of the wall of the chamber, i.e. the area of the entire coater chamber, and αT＝9.4+0.052(Tw-T3)。
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| CN101029394A (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-05 | 联合工艺公司 | Adhesive protective coatings, non-line of sight methods for their preparation, and coated articles |
| CN204523352U (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 浙江迦南科技股份有限公司 | Bed spray control system |
| US20180353272A1 (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-13 | James D. Emmons | Method of spraying ceramic powder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101029394A (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-05 | 联合工艺公司 | Adhesive protective coatings, non-line of sight methods for their preparation, and coated articles |
| CN204523352U (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 浙江迦南科技股份有限公司 | Bed spray control system |
| US20180353272A1 (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-13 | James D. Emmons | Method of spraying ceramic powder |
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