CN111540038A - Medical image visualization method, device, equipment and computer storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device and equipment for visualizing a medical image and a computer storage medium. The medical image visualization method comprises the following steps: obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data; determining a first volume data intensity value for each medical image volume data; determining a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; the semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value; and adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image. According to the embodiment of the invention, the display effect of the medical image can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of image visualization, and particularly relates to a medical image visualization method and device, electronic equipment and a computer storage medium.
Background
Visualization is a technology that converts data into an image through computer graphics and graphic processing techniques, presents the image on a screen, and can further perform interactive operations, and thus a medical image visualization technology has been developed.
At present, the common three-dimensional visualization method of medical images: the medical image generation is integrated with VTK (visualization toolkit) through QT interface, read data source, image materialization, three-dimensional reconstruction, render and display and other steps. However, the method realizes medical image visualization based on the traditional gradient (segmentation) transfer function, so that the displayed medical image has obvious fault effect, the loss of internal detail information is serious, and the noise problem is not improved.
Therefore, how to improve the display effect of the medical image is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a medical image visualization method and device, electronic equipment and a computer storage medium, which can improve the display effect of medical images.
In a first aspect, a method for visualizing a medical image is provided, comprising:
obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data;
determining a first volume data intensity value for each medical image volume data;
determining a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; the semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value;
and adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
Optionally, after obtaining the second three-dimensional medical image, the method further comprises:
and slicing the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
Optionally, after obtaining the two-dimensional slice image, the method further comprises:
and carrying out noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by adopting a total variation model to obtain the two-dimensional slice image after noise removal.
Optionally, before determining the corresponding first opacity value of each medical image volume data based on the preset semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data, the method further includes:
acquiring sample medical image volume data;
determining second volumetric data intensity values for each sample medical image volumetric data;
normalizing the second volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data to obtain a third volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data;
determining a second opacity value corresponding to each third volume data intensity value based on a greedy algorithm;
and determining a semi-automatic transfer function based on each third volume data intensity value and the corresponding second opacity value.
Optionally, obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data comprises:
and based on the medical image volume data, performing three-dimensional volume rendering by using a volume rendering tool to obtain a first three-dimensional medical image.
In a second aspect, an apparatus for visualizing a medical image is provided, comprising:
an acquisition module for obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on acquired medical image volume data;
a first determination module for determining a first volume data intensity value for each medical image volume data;
the second determination module is used for determining a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; the semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
Optionally, the adjusting module is further configured to slice the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
Optionally, the adjusting module is further configured to perform a noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by using a total variation model, so as to obtain a two-dimensional slice image after the noise removal.
Optionally, the second determination module is further configured to acquire sample medical image volume data;
determining second volumetric data intensity values for each sample medical image volumetric data;
normalizing the second volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data to obtain a third volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data;
determining a second opacity value corresponding to each third volume data intensity value based on a greedy algorithm;
and determining a semi-automatic transfer function based on each third volume data intensity value and the corresponding second opacity value.
Optionally, the obtaining module is configured to perform three-dimensional volume rendering by using a volume rendering tool based on the medical image volume data, so as to obtain a first three-dimensional medical image.
In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions;
the processor, when executing the computer program instructions, implements a method of visualizing a medical image in the first aspect or any of the alternative implementations of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, a computer storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for visualizing medical images of the first aspect or any of the alternative implementations of the first aspect.
The medical image visualization method and device, the electronic device and the computer storage medium can improve the medical image display effect. The medical image visualization method comprises the steps of obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on acquired medical image volume data, and then determining a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; the preset semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value, so that the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data can be determined in a smaller granularity based on the semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data, and then the second three-dimensional medical image obtained by adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image is adjusted based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for visualizing a medical image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of visualization of volume rendering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intensity mapping relationship between adjustment points and volume data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a medical image visualization apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
At present, the common three-dimensional visualization method of medical images: the medical image generation is integrated with VTK (visualization toolkit) through QT interface, read data source, image materialization, three-dimensional reconstruction, render and display and other steps. However, the method implements medical image visualization based on a traditional gradient (segmentation) transfer function, and the inventor researches and discovers that although the opacity value of the medical image can also be determined based on the traditional gradient (segmentation) transfer function, the opacity value in a certain region of the medical image is considered to be the same because the transfer function is gradient, but actually the opacity value in the region is different, so that the displayed medical image has obvious tomographic effect, the loss of internal detail information is serious, and the noise problem is not improved.
In order to solve the prior art problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for visualizing a medical image, an electronic device, and a computer storage medium. First, a method for visualizing a medical image according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for visualizing a medical image according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method for visualizing a medical image may include:
s101, obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data.
In one embodiment, deriving the first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data may include: and based on the medical image volume data, performing three-dimensional volume rendering by using a volume rendering tool to obtain a first three-dimensional medical image.
In one embodiment, the medical image volume data may be rendered and visualized in three-dimensional volume using a VTK volume rendering toolkit, and fig. 2 is a flow chart of visualization of volume rendering according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, Raw volume data in DICOM format is obtained based on Computed Tomography (CT) data, and is then converted into MHD format volume data by using a data conversion tool ImageJ, that is, the MHD medical image guidance file in fig. 2, and then the VTK volume rendering visualization pipeline is performed: (1) reading data through a vtkMetaImageReader; (2) drawing an image by using a vtkSmartVolumMapper class; (3) the image is displayed using a vtkImageActor, followed by rendering using a vtkRender and displaying a three-dimensional visualization image of the volume data through a vtkRenderWindow rendering window. And image interaction, integral image optimized display and focal region display can be carried out on the three-dimensional visual image. In addition, a two-dimensional slice picture can be synchronously displayed for the three-dimensional visual image, and the two-dimensional slice picture can be subjected to noise removal processing by utilizing a full variation model.
S102, determining a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data.
S103, determining a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; wherein the semi-automatic transfer function characterizes a mapping between the volume data intensity values and the opacity values.
In one embodiment, to obtain a more accurate semi-automatic transfer function, before determining the corresponding first opacity value of each medical image volume data based on the preset semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data, the method may further include: acquiring sample medical image volume data; determining second volumetric data intensity values for each sample medical image volumetric data; normalizing the second volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data to obtain a third volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data; determining a second opacity value corresponding to each third volume data intensity value based on a greedy algorithm; and determining a semi-automatic transfer function based on each third volume data intensity value and the corresponding second opacity value.
In one embodiment, the transfer function of the three-dimensional medical image is improved for optimization. A semi-automatic transfer function is provided by utilizing the theory of entropy correlation principle. As shown in fig. 3, the transfer function is changed by designing adjustment points, each of which maps color and opacity values corresponding to different intensities of volume data, the adjustment points being connected to each other. Wherein the intensity of the volume data is normalized to 0 to 1. The specific transfer function optimization improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) the intensity of the volume data of the medical image is normalized to be 0-1, and the intensity distribution of the volume data is obtained through histogram statistics, and then transfer function optimization is carried out according to the intensity distribution.
(2) Setting volume data intensity value as xnOpacity α (x)n) The adjustment point is vnAnd wherein the opacity at the intensity of the volume data of 0 and 1 is set to 0, which contributes to the display effect of neutralizing the volume data so as not to display the image of the specific opacity part in a concentrated manner. The opacity value of the corresponding intensity at the adjustment point can be expressed as:
c(x)＝α(x)p(x)log p(x) (1)
wherein p (x) represents an intensity of xnThe volume data amount of (2) is a ratio of the volume data amount to the total volume data amount, that is, a value between 0 and 1 of the volume data counted by the histogram.
(3) However, in order to prevent the opacity of a certain intensity with a large volume data amount from being too large and to mask the display of other volume data, an opacity method is proposed that balances the intensities of all volume data: and (4) the curve edge at each connected tuning point tends to be stable, and the intensity of each volume data is displayed uniformly.
Wherein w (i) is an adjustment point viAnd vi+1The weight of the edge between w (i) can be obtained by the following formula:
the following can be obtained by equation (2): when the value of E tends to become small, the volume data intensity can be displayed uniformly, meaning that the edges between the adjustment points are more balanced.
(4) In order to obtain the optimized transfer function with less time cost, a greedy algorithm can be introduced to perform optimization iteration on the transfer function of the volume data, and when the weight of the edge between iteration and an adjusting point gradually converges to an average value, namely the value of E gradually tends to be stable, the optimized transfer function is obtained.
(5) After the integral display effect of the three-dimensional medical image is obtained, the detail information of the local specific part of the three-dimensional medical image can be obtained by moving the adjusting point.
And S104, adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
In one embodiment, after obtaining the second three-dimensional medical image, the method may further comprise: and slicing the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
In order to obtain a two-dimensional slice image with better display effect, in an embodiment, after obtaining the two-dimensional slice image, the method may further include: and carrying out noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by adopting a total variation model to obtain the two-dimensional slice image after noise removal.
Illustratively, two-dimensional slice images in different directions can be obtained by utilizing a vtkImagePlaneWidget class on the basis of displaying a three-dimensional medical image. Aiming at the problem that the slice display effect is poor due to the existence of noise and the like in data, a total variation model can be adopted to carry out image denoising on a two-dimensional slice image. The essence of the total variation model is anisotropic diffusion, noise can be effectively removed in the aspect of two-dimensional slice image enhancement, and edge information is enhanced to achieve the effect of optimizing the display of a two-dimensional slice. Generally, the total variation of the image containing noise is larger than that of the original image, so that the minimized total variation model can be adopted to remove the noise and enhance the display effect of the image.
The medical image visualization method comprises the steps of obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on acquired medical image volume data, and then determining a first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; the preset semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value, so that the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data can be determined in a smaller granularity based on the semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data, and then the second three-dimensional medical image obtained by adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image is adjusted based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data. In addition, the embodiment of the invention not only realizes the simultaneous real-time display of the two-dimensional slice and the three-dimensional image, but also can enhance the two-dimensional slice through an image denoising enhancement technology, thereby increasing the contrast of the image, effectively removing noise, enhancing edge information and keeping more detailed information of the two-dimensional slice.
The following describes a medical image visualization apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer storage medium according to embodiments of the present invention, and the medical image visualization apparatus, the electronic device, and the computer storage medium described below may be referred to in correspondence with the medical image visualization method described above. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a medical image visualization apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the medical image visualization apparatus may include:
an obtaining module 401, configured to obtain a first three-dimensional medical image based on obtained medical image volume data;
a first determination module 402 for determining a first volume data intensity value for each medical image volume data;
a second determining module 403, configured to determine, based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data, a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data; the semi-automatic transfer function represents the mapping relation between the volume data intensity value and the opacity value;
an adjusting module 404, configured to adjust the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data, to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
Optionally, the adjusting module 404 is further configured to slice the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle, so as to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
Optionally, the adjusting module 404 is further configured to perform a noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by using a total variation model, so as to obtain a two-dimensional slice image after noise removal.
Optionally, the second determination module 403 is further configured to acquire sample medical image volume data;
determining second volumetric data intensity values for each sample medical image volumetric data;
normalizing the second volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data to obtain a third volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data;
determining a second opacity value corresponding to each third volume data intensity value based on a greedy algorithm;
and determining a semi-automatic transfer function based on each third volume data intensity value and the corresponding second opacity value.
Optionally, the obtaining module 401 is configured to perform three-dimensional volume rendering by using a volume rendering tool based on the medical image volume data, so as to obtain a first three-dimensional medical image.
Each module in the medical image visualization apparatus provided in fig. 4 has a function of implementing each step in the example shown in fig. 1, and achieves the same technical effect as the medical image visualization method shown in fig. 1, and for brevity, no further description is given here.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The electronic device may comprise a processor 501 and a memory 502 in which computer program instructions are stored.
Specifically, the processor 501 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be configured as one or more Integrated circuits implementing embodiments of the present invention.
The processor 501 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 502 to implement the method for visualizing a medical image as shown in fig. 1.
In one example, the electronic device can also include a communication interface 503 and a bus 510. As shown in fig. 5, the processor 501, the memory 502, and the communication interface 503 are connected via a bus 510 to complete communication therebetween.
The communication interface 503 is mainly used for implementing communication between modules, apparatuses, units and/or devices in the embodiments of the present invention.
In addition, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by providing a computer storage medium. The computer storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of visualizing a medical image as shown in fig. 1.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific arrangements and instrumentality described above and shown in the drawings. A detailed description of known methods is omitted herein for the sake of brevity. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method processes of the present invention are not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated, and those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and additions or change the order between the steps after comprehending the spirit of the present invention.
The functional blocks shown in the above-described structural block diagrams may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-in, function card, or the like. When implemented in software, the elements of the invention are the programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segments may be stored in a machine-readable medium or transmitted by a data signal carried in a carrier wave over a transmission medium or a communication link. A "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of a machine-readable medium include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, Erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, Radio Frequency (RF) links, and so forth. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the internet, intranet, etc.
It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this patent describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, may be performed in an order different from the order in the embodiments, or may be performed simultaneously.
As described above, only the specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system, the module and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again. It should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of visualizing a medical image, comprising:
obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on the acquired medical image volume data;
determining a first volumetric data intensity value for each of the medical image volumetric data;
determining a first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each medical image volume data; wherein the semi-automatic transfer function characterizes a mapping relationship between volume data intensity values and opacity values;
and adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
2. A method for visualizing a medical image as in claim 1, wherein after said deriving a second three-dimensional medical image, said method further comprises:
and slicing the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
3. A method of visualizing a medical image as in claim 2, wherein after said obtaining a two-dimensional slice image, said method further comprises:
and carrying out noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by adopting a total variation model to obtain the two-dimensional slice image after noise removal.
4. A method for visualizing a medical image as in claim 1, wherein prior to said determining a corresponding first opacity value for each of said medical image volume data based on a preset semi-automated transfer function and said first volume data intensity value for each of said medical image volume data, said method further comprises:
acquiring sample medical image volume data;
determining second volume data intensity values for each of the sample medical image volume data;
normalizing the second volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data to obtain a third volume data intensity value of each sample medical image volume data;
determining a second opacity value corresponding to each third volume data intensity value based on a greedy algorithm;
and determining the semi-automatic transfer function based on each third volume data intensity value and the corresponding second opacity value.
5. A method for visualizing a medical image as in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said deriving a first three-dimensional medical image based on acquired medical image volume data comprises:
and performing three-dimensional volume rendering by using a volume rendering tool based on the medical image volume data to obtain the first three-dimensional medical image.
6. An apparatus for visualizing a medical image, comprising:
an acquisition module for obtaining a first three-dimensional medical image based on acquired medical image volume data;
a first determination module for determining a first volume data intensity value for each of the medical image volume data;
a second determining module, configured to determine, based on a preset semi-automatic transfer function and the first volume data intensity value of each piece of medical image volume data, a first opacity value corresponding to each piece of medical image volume data; wherein the semi-automatic transfer function characterizes a mapping relationship between volume data intensity values and opacity values;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the first three-dimensional medical image based on the first opacity value corresponding to each piece of medical image volume data to obtain a second three-dimensional medical image.
7. A visualization apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adjusting module is further configured to slice the second three-dimensional medical image based on a preset direction angle to obtain a two-dimensional slice image.
8. A visualization apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the adjusting module is further configured to perform a noise removal operation on the two-dimensional slice image by using a total variation model, so as to obtain a two-dimensional slice image after the noise removal.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions;
the processor, when executing the computer program instructions, implements a method of visualizing a medical image as in any of claims 1-5.
10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium has stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method of visualizing a medical image as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
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