CN111535855A - Cooperative drainage system and drainage method for ditches in railway double-track tunnel - Google Patents
Cooperative drainage system and drainage method for ditches in railway double-track tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111535855A CN111535855A CN202010183667.5A CN202010183667A CN111535855A CN 111535855 A CN111535855 A CN 111535855A CN 202010183667 A CN202010183667 A CN 202010183667A CN 111535855 A CN111535855 A CN 111535855A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative drainage system for ditches in a railway double-track tunnel, which comprises drainage pipes, side ditches, drainage holes and a central ditch, wherein two groups of transverse communication holes are arranged on the opposite sides of the side ditches at two sides of the same cross section or at a certain longitudinal distance away from the downstream direction of drainage, each group of transverse communication holes are connected through transverse cooperative working water pipes to enable the two side ditches to be communicated, the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes are arranged along the ditches at 4/5 positions of the height of the two side walls of the central ditch, when the distance reaches a certain longitudinal distance downstream, the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes are folded out of the central ditch and then transversely laid to the lower edge of the side ditch, and then vertically laid to the longitudinal communication holes on the side ditch and communicated. The invention fully coordinates and exerts the potential drainage function of the side ditch and the central ditch of the tunnel, avoids or reduces or delays the overflow of a single side ditch or the full or partial overflow of the central ditch to cause the water damage of a flooded track, and fully ensures the normal and safe operation of the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel internal drainage system and a tunnel internal drainage method, in particular to a railway double-track tunnel internal ditch cooperative drainage system and a railway double-track tunnel internal ditch cooperative drainage method.
Background
For a composite lining tunnel, a transverse drain pipe is usually arranged at the bottom of a lining side wall, and underground drain water which is drained and drained directly from an initial support surface and/or an original state and/or reinforced surrounding rock is guided, namely, stratum and support drain water is led into a drainage side ditch and/or a central drainage ditch in the tunnel through a filtering layer/water guide layer, an annular and/or longitudinal blind pipe or/and blind ditch and drain pipe hole rows, the drain pipe holes are mutually isolated and embedded in bottom concrete, the transverse drain pipe is generally arranged at a longitudinal interval of 5-10 m, and a tunnel bottom drainage system is not generally arranged.
The double-line and/or multi-line tunnel drainage is introduced into the two side ditches through the transverse drainage pipe holes at the bottom of the side wall, then is discharged into the central ditch from the two side ditches, and is discharged outside the tunnel or places without influencing the use function of the tunnel, such as a drainage tunnel, a horizontal guide or a natural drainage channel, wherein the two side ditches mainly play a role in collection and transition; (2) when the water discharge amount of the tunnel is larger than the water discharge capacity of the central ditch but smaller than the sum of the potential water discharge capacities of the two side ditches and the central ditch, the side ditches are in a low-water and no-water state, the overall water discharge potential of the tunnel does not fully play a role, and the central ditch overflows to cause water damage of a water flooded track; (3) when the water discharge amount of the tunnel is larger than the sum of the water discharge latent capacity of the central ditch and the two side ditches, the side ditches are in a low-water and no-water state, and the central ditch overflows in advance to cause the advance of water damage of a water flooded track; (4) when the water discharge amount of the tunnel is larger than the sum of the water discharge latent capacity of the central ditch and the two side ditches, the two side ditches are smooth, and the side ditches are in a low-water and no-water state, the central ditch overflows to cause the water damage of the water flooded track to be greatly advanced.
In general, the current working model of ditch drainage in tunnel has the following main defects in double and/or multiple lines: the drainage capacity of the side ditches of the double and/or multi-wire tunnel is vacant, and no coordination performance exists between the side ditches and the central ditch of the double and/or multi-wire tunnel; on the premise that the capability or potential of the tunnel drainage ditch is not fully exerted, the central ditch of the double and/or multi-line tunnel is completely or partially overflowed to cause water damage of a flooded track to occur, occur in advance and occur in advance greatly, and meanwhile, erosion damage is formed along with the long-term overlarge water speed in the ditch, so that the driving safety is threatened at different times and in different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the situations (1) and (2), relieve the situation (3), help solve the problems of the situation (4) and the like, fully coordinate and exert the potential drainage function of the tunnel side ditches, avoid, reduce and relieve the water logging rail water damage, and qualitatively consider the scale constraint and the friction resistance of pipe hole materials based on the conventional tunnel longitudinal slope arrangement and the communicating vessel principle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cooperative drainage system for ditches in a railway double-track tunnel comprises drainage pipes arranged at the bottoms of lining side walls on the left side and the right side of the tunnel respectively, side ditches arranged on the left side and the right side of the tunnel respectively and a central ditch arranged in the middle of the tunnel, wherein the drainage pipes are communicated with the side ditches on the left side and the right side respectively, drainage holes are formed in opposite sides of the side ditches on the left side and the right side respectively, the drainage holes are connected with transverse drainage pipes so that the side ditches on the two sides are connected with the central ditch, the height of the drainage holes is 1/2-7/10 of the height of the side ditches, two transverse communication holes in one group are formed in opposite sides of the side ditches on the same cross section or at a certain longitudinal distance from the downstream direction of drainage, each group of transverse communication holes are connected through a transverse cooperative working water pipe so that the side, the higher the hole position of the transverse communication hole is, the larger the comprehensive drainage capacity of the tunnel is, the larger the threshold value of the coordinated start is, a longitudinal cooperative working water pipe is arranged at 4/5 of the height of two side walls of the central ditch along the ditch, when the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe reaches a certain longitudinal distance of the downstream, the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe is folded out of the central ditch and then transversely laid to the lower edge of the side ditch, then the longitudinal communication hole is vertically laid to the longitudinal communication hole on the side ditch and communicated, so that the central ditch is connected with the water ditches at the two sides, and the height of the longitudinal communication hole is 1/2-7/10. And calculating the longitudinal distance of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes according to the sum of the water head loss and the elevation of the side ditch communicating holes with the water inlet elevation more than or equal to the corresponding cross section.
The heights of the transverse communication holes and the longitudinal communication holes are preferably 2/3 of the height of the side ditch.
The communication holes can be distributed in a pre-buried mode (the U-shaped pipe or the straight pipe crosses the cable trench), a drilling hole crosses the cable trench and then is arranged in a post-placing mode, and when the ditch is adjusted to the side trench close to the track side, the U-shaped pipe or the straight pipe does not need to cross the cable trench in a direct pre-buried and drilling mode.
The longitudinal distance between every two groups of transverse communication holes is comprehensively considered according to factors such as the predicted water quantity of the tunnel, the gradient of a longitudinal slope, the setting and blocking mechanism and the like. When the longitudinal slope is steep and rich water is continuous flowing water in the side ditch all year round, the mechanism of coagulation and blockage is weak, the two-side transverse communication holes on the same cross section are directly connected across the central ditch, namely the longitudinal distance is 0, and the two-side transverse communication holes and the drainage holes of the side ditch drain water into the central ditch work simultaneously; when the longitudinal slope is gentle, the water inflow seasonality of the tunnel is strong, and the settlement and blocking mechanisms are strong, the transverse communication holes at the two sides are connected according to a certain longitudinal distance, the cooperative working water pipes are laid in the direction parallel to and/or perpendicular to the center of the tunnel, the 90-degree turning is not suitable to be arranged on the plane and laid in 1/4 circular arcs or two groups of 45-degree turning, and the cooperative working water pipes are alternately arranged according to 'left side → right side' and 'right side → left side'. The longitudinal distance between the lateral communicating holes at the two sides is comprehensively determined according to factors such as longitudinal slope, pipe diameter, pipe material, and a setting mechanism, and is generally determined by calculating that the water outlet flow rate of the downstream lateral communicating hole is 1.2 times and less than 2.0 times larger than the flow rate in the ditch.
The longitudinal length of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe meets the following criteria:
L＝(80H+100h)/i (1)
or satisfies the following conditions:
H0＝Hi+0.8H+h (2)
H0-floor elevation (m) at starting position of longitudinal cooperative working water pipe; hi-floor level (m) at the location of the longitudinal cooperating water pipe outlet; the H-side ditch is higher than the elevation (m) of the bottom panel; l-longitudinal length (m) of the water pipe cooperating longitudinally; i-tunnel slope (%); h-height difference between a water inlet and a water outlet of the water pipe in longitudinal cooperative work is generally considered to be 20-30 cm.
The aperture of the communicating hole is matched with the outer diameter of the pipe of the cooperative working water pipe.
The cooperative working water pipe is generally made of metal pipes, composite pipes and non-metal pipes with the diameter phi of 25-40 mm, such as galvanized steel pipes, aluminum plastic pipes, UPVC pipes, CPVC pipes, PE-X pipes, PP-R pipes, PB pipes, ABS pipes, RPM pipes, PAP pipes, SP pipes, PVC pipes, PE pipes and the like, and can be comprehensively selected according to natural and engineering environments, durability and economic factors.
The cooperative working water pipe can be buried in the filling concrete in a hidden way, namely shallow, and can also be paved on the surface of the filling concrete in an exposed way; the ballastless track and the ballastless track are laid in a dark place when the ballastless track and the ballastless track are in a freezing damage risk, and the ballastless track are laid in a bright place when the ballastless track and the freezing damage are not in danger; the new tunnel can be hidden laying, the existing tunnel can be metal pipe open laying, and the open laying and the cooperative working water pipe attached to the trench wall need to be fixed firmly.
The cooperative working water pipe is connected with the communicating hole through a connector, and the connector is made of the same material as the cooperative working water pipe and is matched with the diameter of the cooperative working water pipe, so that the cooperative working water pipe is durable and easy to disassemble.
Carry out drainage in coordination according to ditch drainage system in coordination in above-mentioned double-track tunnel, the principle lies in:
when the water level in the side ditches at the two sides is lower than 4/5 that the water level in the central ditch is lower than the height of the horizontal communication hole, the side ditches and the central ditch respectively and independently drain the water of the tunnel out of the tunnel;
when the water level in the side ditch or the side ditches at one side or two sides is higher than the transverse communication hole and the drain hole, the transverse cooperative working water pipe starts to work, water in the side ditch with higher water level is discharged into the side ditch and the central ditch with lower water level at the other side through the transverse cooperative working water pipe and the transverse drain pipe respectively, and the side ditches and the central ditch work cooperatively;
when the water level in the central ditch is higher than 4/5 of the ditch depth and the water level in one side or two side ditches is lower than the transverse communication holes and the drainage holes, the water in the central ditch is drained into the side ditches through the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes laid on the two side walls of the central ditch, so that the cooperative drainage capability of the two side ditches is fully exerted, and the risk of flooding the ballast bed by overflowing the side ditches or the central ditch is avoided or greatly reduced or delayed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. based on the conventional setting of tunnel longitudinal slope and the principle of communicating vessels, the lateral ditches at two sides are communicated through the transverse cooperative working water pipes, the potential drainage function of the lateral ditches of the tunnel is fully coordinated and exerted, and the risk that the ballast bed is flooded by overflowing of the lateral ditches is avoided or reduced or delayed.
2. The lateral ditches and the central ditch on the two sides are communicated through the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes, so that the potential drainage function between the ditches on the inner sides of the double-line tunnel and the central ditch is fully coordinated and exerted, and the water damage of a flooded track caused by the full or partial overflow of the central ditch is avoided or reduced or delayed.
3. The construction is simple, the synergistic effect is strong, and the normal and safe operation of the tunnel is fully guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the cooperative working elevation of two side ditches and a central ditch of a newly constructed railway double-track tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the cooperative working elevation of the two side ditches and the central ditch of the existing railway double-track tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the cooperative operation of the two side ditches and the central ditch of the railway double-track tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A '-A' of FIG. 2;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 3.
In the figure, 1-drain pipe, 2-side ditch, 3-central ditch, 4-transverse communication hole, 5-transverse drain pipe, 6-longitudinal cooperative working water pipe, 7-transverse cooperative working water pipe and 8-clamping groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in the attached figures 1, 3 and 4 of the specification, the cooperative drainage system of the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel comprises drainage pipes 1 respectively arranged at the bottom of lining side walls at the left and the right sides of the tunnel, side ditches 2 arranged at the left and the right sides of the tunnel and a central ditch 3 arranged in the middle of the tunnel, wherein the drainage pipes 1 are respectively communicated with the side ditches 2 at the left and the right sides, drainage holes are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the side ditches 2 at the left and the right sides, the drainage holes are connected with transverse drainage pipes 5 to ensure that the side ditches 2 at the two sides are connected with the central ditch 3, the height of the drainage holes is 1/2-7/10 of the height of the side ditches, two transverse communication holes 4 which are in a group are arranged at the opposite sides of the same cross section or the side ditches at a certain longitudinal distance from the downstream direction of drainage, so that, the height of each transverse communicating hole 4 is 1/2-7/10 of the height of each side ditch 2, the higher the hole position of each transverse communicating hole is, the larger the comprehensive drainage capacity of the tunnel is, the larger the threshold value of the coordinated starting is, a longitudinal cooperative working water pipe 6 is arranged at 4/5 of the height of the two side walls of the central ditch 3 along the ditch, when the distance reaches a certain longitudinal distance downstream, the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe is folded out of the central ditch 3 and then transversely laid to the lower edge of the side ditch 2, then the longitudinal communicating holes vertically laid on the side ditches are communicated, so that the central ditch is connected with the two side ditches, and the height of each longitudinal communicating hole is 1/2-7/10 of the height of each side ditch. As shown in figure 6 of the specification.
The heights of the transverse communication holes 4 and the longitudinal communication holes are preferably 2/3 of the height of the side ditch 2.
The transverse communication hole 4 and the longitudinal communication hole can be arranged in a pre-buried mode (a U-shaped pipe or a straight pipe stretches across the cable trench) and a drilling hole stretches across the cable trench, and when the ditch is adjusted to the side close to the track side, the ditch is directly pre-buried and drilled without using the U-shaped pipe or the straight pipe to stretch across the cable trench.
The aperture of the communicating hole is matched with the outer diameter of the pipe of the cooperative working water pipe.
The cooperative working water pipe is generally made of metal pipes, composite pipes and non-metal pipes with the diameter phi of 25-40 mm, such as galvanized steel pipes, aluminum plastic pipes, UPVC pipes, CPVC pipes, PE-X pipes, PP-R pipes, PB pipes, ABS pipes, RPM pipes, PAP pipes, SP pipes, PVC pipes, PE pipes and the like, and can be comprehensively selected according to natural and engineering environments, durability and economic factors.
The longitudinal cooperative working water pipe 6 and the transverse cooperative working water pipe 7 can be laid in a hidden mode, namely, buried in a shallow mode in filling concrete, and the newly-built double-line tunnel is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification.
When the longitudinal slope is large and the water-rich, precipitation and blocking mechanisms are weak, the two lateral communicating holes on the same cross section are directly connected.
When the underground water coagulation mechanism is strong, the transverse communication holes at the two sides are connected according to a certain longitudinal distance, the transverse cooperative working water pipes are laid in the direction parallel to and/or perpendicular to the center of the tunnel, 90-degree turns are not suitable to be arranged on the plane and laid in 1/4 circular arcs or two groups of 45-degree turns, and the communication pipes are alternately arranged according to left side → right side and right side → left side.
The cooperative working water pipe is connected with the communicating hole through a connector, and the connector is made of the same material as the cooperative working water pipe and is matched with the diameter of the cooperative working water pipe, so that the cooperative working water pipe is durable and easy to disassemble.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the double-line tunnel is an existing double-line tunnel, the transverse cooperative work water pipe 7 is paved on the surface of filled concrete, as shown in the attached figure 2 in the specification, and the transverse cooperative work water pipe 7 and the transverse drain pipe 5 are fixed on the bottom surface of the ballast bed through the clamping groove 8, as shown in the attached figure 5 in the specification.
Example 3
The drainage method using the ditch-in-two-lane tunnel cooperative drainage system of examples 1-2 above:
when the water level in the side ditches at the two sides is lower than 4/5 that the water level in the central ditch is lower than the height of the horizontal communication hole, the side ditches and the central ditch respectively and independently drain the water of the tunnel out of the tunnel;
when the water level in the side ditch or the side ditches at one side or two sides is higher than the transverse communication hole and the drain hole, the transverse cooperative working water pipe starts to work, water in the side ditch with higher water level is discharged into the side ditch and the central ditch with lower water level at the other side through the transverse cooperative working water pipe and the transverse drain pipe respectively, and the side ditches and the central ditch work cooperatively;
when the water level in the central ditch is higher than 4/5 of the ditch depth and the water level in one side or two side ditches is lower than the transverse communication holes and the drainage holes, the water in the central ditch is drained into the side ditches through the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes laid on the two side walls of the central ditch, so that the cooperative drainage capability of the two side ditches is fully exerted, and the risk of flooding the ballast bed by overflowing the side ditches or the central ditch is avoided or greatly reduced or delayed.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. A cooperative drainage system for ditches in a railway double-track tunnel comprises drain pipes (1) respectively arranged at the bottoms of lining side walls on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, side ditches (2) arranged on the left side and the right side of the tunnel and a central ditch (3) arranged in the middle of the tunnel, wherein the drain pipes (1) are respectively communicated with the side ditches (2) on the left side and the right side, drainage holes are arranged at the opposite sides of the side ditches (2) on the left side and the right side, the drainage holes are connected with transverse drain pipes (5) to ensure that the side ditches (2) on the two sides are connected with the central ditch (3), the height of each drainage hole is 1/2-7/10 of the height of the side ditch, two transverse communication holes (4) which are in a group are arranged on the opposite sides of the same cross section or the side ditches on the two sides at a certain longitudinal distance from the downstream, the ditches on two sides are connected, the height of the transverse communication holes (4) is 1/2-7/10 of the height of the side ditches (2), longitudinal cooperative working water pipes (6) are arranged at 4/5 of the height of the two side walls of the central ditch (3) along the ditches, when the distance reaches a certain longitudinal distance from the downstream, the longitudinal cooperative working water pipes are folded out of the central ditch (3), then the central ditch is transversely laid to the lower edges of the two side ditches (2), then the longitudinal communication holes vertically applied to the side ditches are connected in parallel, so that the central ditch is connected with the two side ditches, and the height of the longitudinal communication holes is 1/2-7/10 of the height of the side ditches (2).
2. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the transverse communication hole (4) and the longitudinal communication hole is 2/3 of the height of the side ditch (2), and the transverse communication hole and the longitudinal communication hole can be distributed in a pre-buried or drilling mode.
3. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal length L of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe (6) meets the condition that: l ═ 80H +100H)/i or H0＝Hi+0.8H + H, wherein H0The elevation (m) of the bottom plate surface at the initial position of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe; hiThe elevation (m) of the bottom plate surface at the outlet position of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe; h is the elevation (m) of the side ditch higher than the bottom panel; l is the longitudinal length (m) of the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe; i-tunnel slope (%); h-height difference between a water inlet and a water outlet of the water pipe in longitudinal cooperative work is 20-30 cm.
4. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal distance between each group of transverse communication holes (4) is 0 or determined according to that the water outlet flow rate of the downstream transverse communication holes (4) is 1.2 times and less than 2.0 times larger than the ditch internal flow rate.
5. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transverse cooperative working water pipe (7) and the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe (6) are selected from metal pipes, composite pipes and non-metal pipes.
6. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the diameters of the transverse cooperative working water pipe (7) and the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe (6) are 25-40 mm.
7. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the transverse cooperative working water pipe (7) and the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe (6) are selected from galvanized steel pipes, aluminum plastic pipes, UPVC pipes, CPVC pipes, PE-X pipes, PP-R pipes, PB pipes, ABS pipes, RPM pipes, PAP pipes, SP pipes, PVC pipes and PE pipes.
8. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transverse cooperative working water pipe (7) and the longitudinal cooperative working water pipe (6) can be buried in the filling concrete or paved on the surface of the filling concrete.
9. The cooperative drainage system for the ditch in the railway double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooperative working water pipe is connected with the communicating hole through a connector, and the connector and the cooperative working water pipe are made of the same material.
10. A method for cooperative drainage of ditches in a railway double-track tunnel, which is characterized in that the cooperative drainage system of the ditches in the double-track tunnel according to any one of claims 1-9 is adopted for drainage.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115419088A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-02 | 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 | Open trench tunnel drainage structures |
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| CN106150547A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-23 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | A kind of prefabricated assembled drainage system of railway tunnel bottom |
| CN206972303U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-02-06 | 中铁十一局集团第四工程有限公司 | A kind of tunnel-liner discharge structure |
| CN207934932U (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-10-02 | 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 | One kind being used for rich water or easy crystallization water location tunnel auxiliary type replaceable drainage system |
| CN108729932A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel lining structure solid waterproof and water drainage system |
| CN209195485U (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-08-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of lateral sulcus drainage system that tunnel unevenly seeps water |
| CN209621394U (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-11-12 | 西南交通大学 | Tunnel drainage system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115419088A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-02 | 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 | Open trench tunnel drainage structures |
| CN115419088B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-04-12 | 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 | Drainage structure of open cut tunnel |
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| CN111535855B (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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