CN111534841B - Reversible wetting of electric field induced liquid metal on metal substrate and application - Google Patents
Reversible wetting of electric field induced liquid metal on metal substrate and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111534841B CN111534841B CN202010290924.5A CN202010290924A CN111534841B CN 111534841 B CN111534841 B CN 111534841B CN 202010290924 A CN202010290924 A CN 202010290924A CN 111534841 B CN111534841 B CN 111534841B
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K13/00—Other constructional types of cut-off apparatus; Arrangements for cutting-off
- F16K13/08—Arrangements for cutting-off not used
- F16K13/10—Arrangements for cutting-off not used by means of liquid or granular medium
Abstract
The invention discloses reversible wetting of liquid metal on a metal substrate induced by an electric field and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-nano technology and functional material preparation. The invention prepares the surface of the metal porous net with the micro-nano structure by an electrochemical deposition method, and the preparation method is simple, easy to operate and low in cost; and the electric field is utilized to induce the liquid metal to realize rapid reversible wetting on the surface of the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net. In addition, the reversible wettability of the liquid metal on the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net induced by the electric field is applied to the controllable liquid permeation device, so that the liquid permeation can be flexibly controlled. In conclusion, the technical scheme disclosed and protected by the invention realizes the rapid dewetting of the liquid metal on the surface of the metal substrate and the rapid reversible wetting effect, and is suitable for popularization and application in the market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-nano technology and functional material preparation, particularly relates to reversible wetting of liquid metal on a metal substrate induced by an electric field and application thereof, and particularly relates to reversible wetting of liquid metal on a micro-nano structure porous mesh metal substrate induced by the electric field and intelligent control of liquid transportation by utilizing a liquid metal rapid wettability switching system consisting of the substrate.
Background
The liquid metal electrowetting is that the surface tension of the liquid metal is changed under the induction of an electric field, so that deformation or driving occurs on the substrate, and the liquid metal electrowetting has great application potential in the aspects of flexible electronic product preparation, patterning design, liquid transport control and the like, and is of great interest to scientists. At present, the prior art reports that liquid metal can realize wetting behavior on different substrates, and the liquid metal has good wettability on non-metal substrates (such as PDMS, PMMA, and the like), while the liquid metal can realize good electrowetting behavior on metal substrates and can be used for driving and other applications, but the liquid metal has high adhesion on the metal surface due to the easy dissolution reaction between the liquid metal and the metal substrate, so that the de-wetting is difficult to realize, and the research and practical application of the liquid metal on the metal substrate (electrode) are greatly limited. Therefore, how to achieve rapid de-wetting of the liquid metal on the surface of the metal substrate still has great challenges.
In conclusion, how to develop a method for inducing liquid metal to realize rapid reversible wetting on a micro-nano structure porous mesh metal substrate by using an electric field is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an electric field induced reversible wetting of a liquid metal on a metal substrate and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net, which comprises the following specific steps:
a preparation method of a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an electrolyte solution: uniformly mixing fluoride preliminarily dissolved in water with polyhydric alcohol according to a ratio to obtain an electrolyte solution;
wherein, the fluoride is hydrofluoric acid or ammonium fluoride, and the polyalcohol is ethanol, glycol or glycerol.
Further preferably, the fluoride is ammonium fluoride and the polyol is ethylene glycol.
(2) Preparing a micro-nano structure porous net: and (2) inserting two clean stainless steel nets serving as a cathode and an anode into the electrolyte solution prepared in the step (1) respectively, depositing for reaction for a preset time, and then drying and airing the cathode to obtain the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass/volume ratio of the fluoride to the initial water solution is (0.2-1.0) g: (1-10) mL, and the mass/volume ratio of the mixture of the fluoride and the polyhydric alcohol is (0.2-1.0) g: (135-150) mL.
Preferably, in the step (2), the deposition reaction voltage is 25-60V, and the deposition reaction time is 20-110 min.
It should be noted that the reaction mechanism for preparing the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net by electrochemical deposition is as follows: in the reaction process, the compounds such as nickel, chromium and the like generated in the electrolyte solution are oxidized by the anode net to generate reduction reaction and are deposited on the cathode net.
In summary, the invention discloses a method for preparing a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net, which is simple in operation and low in cost, micro-nano particles are deposited on the stainless steel porous net (30-2000 μm) through reaction to form a secondary structure, so that the micro-nano structure forms a low-adhesion surface, and rapid de-wetting of liquid metal on the surface of the liquid metal is realized (see fig. 2 for a specific SEM topography of the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net).
The invention takes the prepared micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net as a metal substrate and requests to protect a reversible wetting method of liquid metal on the metal substrate by electric field induction, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a reversible wetting method of liquid metal on a metal substrate by electric field induction, wherein the metal substrate is a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net, specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively inserting two electrodes of a power supply into the NaOH solution, wherein one electrode is connected with the metal substrate, and the other electrode is suspended above the metal substrate;
step two: in the circuit connection structure disclosed in step (1), a liquid metal is placed on the metal substrate, and the wetting condition of the liquid metal on the metal substrate is observed by changing the direction of an electric field.
Further, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.1-4 mol/L, the metal substrate is placed in the NaOH solution, and the metal substrate is electrically connected with the power supply.
The selected solution may be an alkaline solution such as KOH, and OH in the alkaline solution-The reaction with gallium oxide on the surface of the liquid metal can restore the spread liquid metal to spherical shape.
Furthermore, a double-pole double-throw switch is connected to a circuit of the power supply to change the direction of an electric field at any time.
In summary, the present application discloses a method for facilitating rapid de-wetting of a liquid metal on a metal substrate by an electric field, and a low adhesion metal substrate surface, wherein the specific circuit connection structure diagram is shown in fig. 1. In addition, in order to change the direction of the electric field rapidly, a double-pole double-throw switch is connected into the circuit, when positive voltage is applied, the liquid metal is wetted on the metal substrate and is changed into a cake shape from a sphere shape, and when negative voltage is applied, the liquid metal is rapidly dewetted on the metal substrate and is restored into the sphere shape from the cake shape (the specific wetting and dewetting phenomena are schematically shown in the attached figure 3). In fig. 3, from left to right, the initial state when no voltage is applied, the wet state when a positive voltage is applied, and the dewet state when a negative voltage is applied are shown in this order.
The invention also requests to protect a liquid metal rapid wettability switching system formed by the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net, and the system is used for carrying out intelligent control on liquid transportation, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the application of reversible wetting of liquid metal on a metal substrate induced by an electric field in the field of liquid transport.
The valve is made by reversible wetting of liquid metal on a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net induced by an electric field and is applied to liquid permeation or light path control.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the prepared micro-nano structure porous net is bonded at the bottom of a glass tube with the diameter of 8mm by chloroprene rubber adhesive and is connected with a power supply, liquid metal is dripped on the net, NaOH solution is injected, and the other electrode is inserted into liquid in the tube to form the liquid permeation control valve. When the liquid metal is spread out from the ball shape to the cake shape, the liquid in the pipe can not flow out, and when the liquid metal is restored from the cake shape to the ball shape, the liquid in the pipe flows out, thereby realizing the liquid permeation control (the specific liquid permeation process in the controllable permeation device is schematically shown in the attached figure 4).
The reason is that the liquid metal realizes rapid dewetting on the micro-nano structure porous net, compared with other metal substrates (such as copper and aluminum), the contact interface of the stainless steel material and the liquid metal does not generate dissolution reaction, namely, the liquid gallium at the interface does not form alloy with the stainless steel net, and the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net forms a low-adhesion surface, which is beneficial to accelerating dewetting of the liquid metal.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the reversible wetting and application of the electric field induced liquid metal on the metal substrate disclosed by the invention has the following excellent characteristics:
(1) the invention prepares the surface of the metal porous net with the micro-nano structure by an electrochemical deposition method, and the preparation method is simple, easy to operate and low in cost;
(2) the method utilizes an electric field to induce the liquid metal to realize rapid reversible wetting on the surface of the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net;
(3) the invention realizes the flexible control of liquid permeation by applying the reversible wettability of the liquid metal on the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net induced by the electric field to the controllable liquid permeation device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM topography of the micro-nano structured stainless steel porous mesh of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wetting and dewetting phenomena of the liquid metal on the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous mesh under the induction of the electric field.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an on-off permeation process of a liquid in a controllable permeation device.
Fig. 5 is an SEM topography of microstructures and smooth structures.
FIG. 6 is a graph of liquid metal spread area versus recovery time as a function of voltage. Wherein, (a) is a relation graph of the spreading area of the liquid metal along with the change of positive voltage; (b) the liquid metal recovery time is a graph of the change of the negative voltage.
Fig. 7 is a graph of liquid metal as a function of mesh pore size penetration.
FIG. 8 is a graph of liquid metal spread area versus recovery time as a function of NaOH solution concentration. Wherein, (a) is a relation graph of the spreading area of the liquid metal along with the change of the concentration of the NaOH solution; (b) is a graph of the liquid metal recovery time as a function of the concentration of the NaOH solution.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses reversible wetting of liquid metal on a micro-nano structure porous mesh metal substrate induced by an electric field and intelligent control of liquid transportation by utilizing a liquid metal rapid wetting switching system consisting of the substrate.
The present invention will be further specifically illustrated by the following examples for better understanding, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
A preparation method of a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net specifically comprises the following steps:
adding 0.2-1 g of ammonium fluoride into a beaker, dissolving with 1-10 mL of distilled water, measuring 135-150 mL of ethylene glycol, adding into the beaker, and stirring properly to obtain an electrolyte solution; then inserting two pieces of cleaned stainless steel nets (the aperture is 30-2000 mu m) into the electrolyte solution as a cathode and an anode respectively; finally, performing deposition reaction at a voltage of 35-45V for 30-50 min, and placing the cathode in a cool and dry place to be dried to obtain the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net;
specifically, stainless steel nets with the pore diameters of 30 μm, 1000 μm and 2000 μm are respectively reacted for 110min, 50min and 20min under the voltage of 25V, 40V and 60V; the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net can be obtained (as shown in figure 2).
A reversible wetting method of liquid metal on a metal substrate by electric field induction is disclosed, wherein the metal substrate is the prepared micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net, and the reversible wetting method specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the substrate is placed in NaOH solution and connected to a power supply, the other electrode is also placed in NaOH solution and located above the substrate, liquid metal (gallium-based liquid metal alloy) is placed on the substrate, in addition, in order to rapidly change the direction of the electric field, a double-pole double-throw switch is connected into the circuit, when a positive voltage is applied, the liquid metal is wetted on the substrate, and is changed from spherical to cake-shaped, and when a negative voltage is applied, the liquid metal is rapidly de-wetted, and is recovered from the cake-shaped to spherical.
The invention also requests to protect the application of the reversible wetting of the liquid metal on the metal substrate induced by the electric field in the liquid transportation field, in particular to the application of a valve made by the reversible wetting of the liquid metal on the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net induced by the electric field in liquid permeation or light path control, and the implementation scheme is as follows:
the prepared micro-nano structure porous net is bonded at the bottom of a glass tube with the diameter of 8mm by chloroprene rubber adhesive and is connected with a power supply, liquid metal is dripped on the net, NaOH solution is injected, and the other electrode is inserted into liquid in the tube to form the liquid permeation control valve. When the liquid metal is spread out from the ball shape to the cake shape, the liquid in the pipe can not flow out, and when the liquid metal is restored from the cake shape to the ball shape, the liquid in the pipe flows out, thereby realizing the liquid permeation control (the specific liquid permeation process in the controllable permeation device is schematically shown in the attached figure 4).
The inventors also conducted the following experiments to further explain the technical effects achieved by the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention.
Experiment 1: research on influence of structure of porous net surface on liquid metal wettability removal
Micro-nano and micro-structures were prepared separately by electrochemical cathodic deposition and anodic oxidation, while the original smooth structure was used as a comparison (as shown in fig. 5). In 1mol/L NaOH solution, a micro-nano structure, a micro-structure and a smooth structure porous net are taken as electrodes, 0.2mL of liquid metal is respectively placed on the micro-nano structure, the micro-structure and the smooth structure porous net, the other electrode is positioned right above the liquid metal, positive voltage is firstly added to wet the liquid metal, then negative voltage is changed to remove the wetting of the liquid metal, the recovery time of the liquid metal is researched, as shown in Table 1,
TABLE 1
The liquid metal can be found to recover fastest on the micro-nano structure porous net, because the micro-nano particles deposited on the surface of the porous net form a micro-nano secondary structure, a low adhesion surface which is beneficial to dewetting of the liquid metal is constructed.
Experiment 2: investigation of the Effect of Voltage on wetting and dewetting of liquid metals
In a 1mol/LNaOH solution, a micro-nano structure porous net is used as an electrode, 0.2mL of liquid metal is placed on the net, the other electrode is positioned right above the liquid metal, in the wetting process, the supplied positive voltage is changed, the spreading area of the liquid metal is changed along with the change, the research on the spreading area and the recovery time can find out (shown in figure 6), along with the increase of the voltage, the spreading area of the liquid metal is firstly increased and then kept unchanged due to the reduction of the surface tension of the liquid metal, and the liquid metal is proved to realize good wetting. During the dewetting process, the recovery time of the liquid metal will change with the change in the negative voltage supplied, and as the negative voltage is reduced when the applied voltage becomes negative, the surface tension of the liquid metal increases and the recovery time of the spread liquid metal decreases, indicating that dewetting of the liquid metal is rapid.
Experiment 3: research on liquid metal permeation condition of pore diameter of porous net
The liquid metal is placed on the porous nets with different pore diameters, and after the liquid metal is positively charged, through the research on the permeability of the liquid metal (figure 7), the liquid metal can be found to permeate on the porous nets when the pore diameters of the nets are larger than 425 mu m; below 425 μm, no penetration of the liquid metal on the porous mesh occurs.
Experiment 4: study of the Effect of NaOH solution concentration on wetting and dewetting of liquid metals
In a NaOH solution, a micro-nano structure porous net is used as an electrode, 0.2mL of liquid metal is placed on the net, the other electrode is positioned right above the liquid metal, the wetting and de-wetting conditions of the liquid metal are studied by changing the concentration (0.25-3.0 mol/L) of the NaOH solution (as shown in figure 8), and positive voltage is applied in the wetting process, so that the higher the concentration of the NaOH solution is, the smaller the spreading area of the liquid metal is, and the poorer the wetting effect is; in the de-wetting process, a negative voltage is applied, the higher the concentration of the NaOH solution is, the shorter the liquid metal recovery time is, and the better the de-wetting effect is. In the wetting process, the dissolution speed of an oxide layer generated on the surface of the liquid metal is accelerated by the high-concentration NaOH solution, so that the spreading area is reduced, and the recovery time of the liquid metal in the de-wetting process is correspondingly shortened.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A reversible wetting method of liquid metal on a metal substrate induced by an electric field specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in an alkaline solution NaOH solution, one electrode of two electrodes of a power supply is connected with a metal substrate, and the other electrode is suspended above the metal substrate;
step two: in the circuit connection structure disclosed in the first step, a liquid metal is placed on the metal substrate, and the wetting condition of the liquid metal on the metal substrate is observed by changing the direction of an electric field;
the metal substrate is a micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net prepared by the following method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an electrolyte solution: uniformly mixing fluoride preliminarily dissolved in water with polyhydric alcohol according to a ratio to obtain an electrolyte solution;
(2) preparing a micro-nano structure porous net: and (2) inserting two clean stainless steel nets serving as a cathode and an anode into the electrolyte solution prepared in the step (1) respectively, depositing for reaction for a preset time, and then drying and airing the cathode to obtain the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the mass/volume ratio of fluoride to water initially dissolved is (0.2-1.0) g (1-10) mL, and the mass/volume ratio of fluoride to polyol miscible is (0.2-1.0) g (135-150) mL.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the deposition reaction voltage is 25-60V, and the deposition reaction time is 20-110 min.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.1-4 mol/L, the metal substrate is placed in the NaOH solution, and the metal substrate is electrically connected to the power source.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a double-pole double-throw switch is connected to the circuit of the power supply to switch the direction of the electric field at any time.
6. The application of the reversible wetting method of liquid metal on a metal substrate induced by an electric field according to claim 1 is characterized in that the wetting is applied in the field of liquid transportation, and the application of a valve made by the reversible wetting of the liquid metal on the micro-nano structure stainless steel porous net induced by the electric field in the control of liquid permeation or light paths by using a hole opening and closing switch is further included.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010290924.5A CN111534841B (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2020-04-14 | Reversible wetting of electric field induced liquid metal on metal substrate and application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010290924.5A CN111534841B (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2020-04-14 | Reversible wetting of electric field induced liquid metal on metal substrate and application |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111534841A CN111534841A (en) | 2020-08-14 |
| CN111534841B true CN111534841B (en) | 2021-07-30 |
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