CN111534708B - CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12Method for Ni alloy - Google Patents
CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12Method for Ni alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111534708B CN111534708B CN202010326250.XA CN202010326250A CN111534708B CN 111534708 B CN111534708 B CN 111534708B CN 202010326250 A CN202010326250 A CN 202010326250A CN 111534708 B CN111534708 B CN 111534708B
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010010 raising Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 wire Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
- F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/002—Smelting process, e.g. sequences to melt a specific material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
- F27B2014/045—Vacuum
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/0825—Crucible or pot support
- F27B2014/0831—Support or means for the transport of crucibles
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/13—Smelting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing CuMn by adopting vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising batching: respectively weighing electrolytic copper plate, electrolytic manganese sheet and CuNi3O intermediate alloy material; charging: the prepared alloy material is loaded into a crucible, and a deflation valve is closed; vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the furnace is less than or equal to 0.08 MPa; smelting: when the vacuum degree P is less than or equal to 10Pa, heating and raising the temperature, raising the heating power to 60KW, opening an argon filling air valve when the raw materials in the crucible begin to melt and the power is reduced to below 20KW, raising the pressure in the furnace to about 0.08Mpa, closing the argon filling valve, raising the power to 65KW, and refining for 2 min; casting: reducing the power to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein the casting time is less than or equal to 2 min; discharging: after the casting is finished, the heating is closed, and the casting is discharged after being cooled for 30 minutes; the process flow of the invention is reasonable in design, and the prepared CuMn12The Ni alloy has low gas content, uniform structure and no segregation defect, and is suitable for mass popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of color metal alloys, in particular to a method for preparing CuMn by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying.
Background
CuMn12Ni is a resistance material, is a basic material for manufacturing resistance elements in electronic instruments, measuring instruments and other industrial devices, and is widely applied to various fields of motors, instruments, automobiles, aerospace, missile atomic energy and the like. It has very small temperature coefficient of resistance, low electric heating potential to copper, high stability of resistance and high resistivity, is a superior resistance alloy material, and can be made into powder, wire, foil, sheet, strip, rod, tube, etc., and the surface can be coated with various insulating materials. The method is mainly used for manufacturing standard resistors, separators, precise or common resistance elements, high-grade metering voltage, current, bridges, potential difference meters and precise resistance elements of other instruments, and is more suitable for manufacturing the resistance elements of the standard resistors for the reference. The low-temperature-coefficient and low-thermal electromotive force sensor has the characteristics of low temperature coefficient, low thermal electromotive force, good long-term stability, low inductance, high pulse load and the like. CuMn12The Ni alloy material is made into a chip resistor product, and the application range of the chip resistor product is very wide, such as automobile electronics, power electronics, driving technology, power detection, medical technology and the like.
The lap resistance is formed by welding copper and an alloy material by adopting high-energy electron beams, and can be almost punched and bent into any shape, thereby flexibly meeting the requirements of different applications and designs. Due to the excellent performance, the material is widely used in the fields of mobile phones, power grids, new energy automobiles and the like, and has a very wide prospect.
At present, high-end manganese-copper alloys in domestic markets are imported, non-vacuum melting is mostly adopted in domestic production processes, the produced alloy materials are high in impurity content and uneven in component structure, and the resistivity and the resistance temperature coefficient of the produced paster are unqualified.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing CuMn with low gas content, uniform structure and no segregation by adopting vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: 11-13% of Mn, 1-3% of Ni and the balance of Cu, and weighing the required raw materials in proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate, Mn element adopts electrolytic manganese sheet, Ni element adopts CuNi30 intermediate alloy;
2) charging: loading the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve, and cleaning an observation window;
3) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the vacuum smelting furnace reaches a value of less than or equal to 0.08 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is less than or equal to 10Pa, heating, raising the temperature, raising the heating power to 20 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 30 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 40 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 60Kw, reducing the power to below 20Kw when the raw materials in the crucible begin to melt, opening an argon filling valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, closing the argon filling valve when the pressure in the furnace rises to about 0.08MPa, raising the power to 65Kw, and refining for 2 min; wherein the flow of argon is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 35-40 s;
5) casting: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 40Kw +/-5 Kw, keeping the vacuum smelting furnace for about 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then fast, and finally slow, and the whole casting time is less than or equal to 2 min;
6) discharging: and after the casting is finished, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging.
Further, in the step 1), the preparation method of the CuNi30 master alloy comprises the following steps:
proportioning: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: weighing 70% of Cu and 30% of Ni according to the proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of an electrolytic copper plate, and Ni element is added in the form of an electrolytic nickel plate;
secondly, charging, namely charging the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve and cleaning an observation window;
vacuumizing, starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the vacuum smelting furnace reaches a value less than or equal to 0.08 MPa;
smelting, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is less than or equal to 10Pa during smelting, raising the heating power to 20 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 30 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 40 +/-2 Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 65Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, starting melting the raw materials in the crucible, reducing the power to below 20Kw, opening an argon filling valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, closing the argon filling valve when the pressure in the furnace is raised to about 0.08MPa, raising the power to 60Kw, and refining for 3 min; wherein the flow of argon is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 35-40 s;
fifthly, casting, reducing the power to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for about 0.5 min, and starting casting, wherein a steel die is used for casting, and the casting time is less than or equal to 2 min;
discharging, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace after the casting is finished, and discharging after cooling for 30 minutes; the CuNi30 intermediate alloy material prepared by the method reduces CuMn12The eutectic phase segregation in the Ni alloy ensures that the element properties in the alloy material are uniform.
Further, after the step 1) is finished, respectively carrying out acid washing on the electrolytic copper plate, the electrolytic manganese sheet and the CuNi30 intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for 5-15 min by using ultrasonic washing equipment, and then drying for 20-45 min at the temperature of 80-145 ℃; and removing oxides and other impurities on the surface of the raw material by acid washing to improve the quality of the alloy.
Further, in the step 2), the crucible is made of a silicon iron material; the carbon in the carbon-containing crucible is prevented from seriously influencing the smelting of the copper-manganese alloy material.
Further, after the step 2) is finished, adding a covering agent on the surface of the mixed alloy material, wherein the covering agent is a mixture of cryolite and borax in a weight ratio of 1: 1, and the adding thickness of the covering agent is 0.5-1.2 mm; by adding the covering agent formed by mixing cryolite and borax on the surface of the mixed alloy material, the oxidation and volatilization in the alloy smelting process can be effectively reduced, and the alloy loss is reduced.
Further, the specific operation of step 5) is: firstly, casting 30% of the total amount of alloy solution, and controlling the casting speed to be 3.8-4.8 t/min; then, casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, wherein the casting speed is controlled to be 5.8-6.4 t/min; finally, 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast, and the casting speed is controlled to be 2.5-4.1 t/min; different casting speeds are used, so that the alloy cast ingot is solidified layer by layer, the defects of slag inclusion and looseness caused by low temperature of a casting alloy solution are eliminated, and the problem of component segregation caused by long internal solidification time of the cast ingot is eliminated.
Further, in the step 6), after the casting is completed, quenching treatment is performed on the obtained alloy ingot, wherein the quenching treatment specifically comprises the following operations: the method comprises the steps of utilizing compressed inert gas to perform injection quenching, setting the quenching temperature to be 80-120 ℃, and setting the quenching time to be 15-45 min, and performing quenching treatment on an alloy ingot to improve the rigidity of an alloy material and further improve the durability of the alloy.
And further, after the step 6) is finished, the blank is inspected and subjected to flaw detection by using a metal flaw detector, and the blank with unqualified quality is removed by inspecting and performing flaw detection on the blank, so that the quality of a subsequent finished product is ensured, and the using effect is improved.
Further, the vacuum smelting furnace in the step 2) comprises a furnace body, an induction heating coil, a heating crucible, a lifting assembly and a translation assembly, wherein a furnace cover is movably arranged at the upper end of the furnace body, an air inlet pipe is arranged on the furnace cover, an observation window and a movable door are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, the movable door is positioned at the lower position of the side wall of the furnace body, and a base is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the induction heating coil is fixedly arranged at the upper end in the furnace body, a gap is reserved between the induction heating coil and the furnace body, the lifting assembly comprises two electromagnetic shielding plates, two sliding rods and a winch, the two sliding rods are respectively and vertically and fixedly arranged on two sides of the bottom in the furnace body, the electromagnetic shielding plates are slidably connected onto the two sliding rods through sliding sleeves, slots are horizontally formed in the upper end surfaces of the electromagnetic shielding plates, the winch is rotatably clamped on the furnace body through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates through the furnace body, a steel cable is arranged between the rotating shaft and the sliding sleeves, and a component for fixing the winch is arranged on the furnace; the heating crucible is movably arranged on the electromagnetic shielding plate and can ascend to the inner area of the induction heating coil along with the electromagnetic shielding plate; the translation assembly comprises a sliding frame and a sliding seat, the sliding frame is horizontally arranged on the base and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the upper end face of the base, the sliding seat is arranged on the sliding frame in a sliding mode, the sliding direction of the sliding seat is consistent with the opening direction of the movable door, an inserting rod is arranged on the sliding seat and can be inserted into the inserting groove, and the furnace cover, the movable door and the furnace body are in sealing connection; the vacuum smelting furnace can reduce the phenomenon of nonuniform tissue in the cast ingot caused by too fast temperature loss in the casting process of the alloy cast ingot.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the vacuum induction melting method to prepare the CuNi30 intermediate alloy, thereby reducing the raw material cost and the element burning loss, and the prepared CuMn12The Ni alloy has compact structure, less pores and inclusions, and no defects of macroscopic and microscopic segregation such as Cu and Mn enrichment and the like; the crucible is made of ferrosilicon material, so that the condition that carbon in the carbon-containing crucible seriously affects the smelting of copper-manganese alloy material is avoided; the casting mould is a rigid mould, and can obtain the copper-manganese alloy material with uniform and consistent tissue.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an alloy ingot of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic mass spectrum of an alloy according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the vacuum melting furnace of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a right side view of the vacuum melting furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the vacuum melting furnace of the present invention;
the furnace comprises a furnace body 1, a furnace cover 10, an air inlet pipe 11, an observation window 12, a movable door 13, a base 14, an induction heating coil 2, a heating crucible 3, a lifting assembly 4, an electromagnetic shielding plate 40, a sliding sleeve 400, a slot 401, a sliding rod 41, a winch 42, a rotating shaft 420, a steel cable 421, a translation assembly 5, a sliding frame 50, a sliding seat 51 and an inserted rod 52.
Detailed Description
Example 1: CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: weighing the required raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the Mn is 12%, the Ni is 2%, and the balance is Cu; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate, Mn element adopts electrolytic manganese sheet, Ni element adopts commercial CuNi30 intermediate alloy;
2) charging: loading the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve, and cleaning an observation window;
3) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the vacuum smelting furnace reaches 0.08 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is 10Pa, heating and raising the temperature, wherein the heating power is raised to 18Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 28Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 38Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 60Kw, reducing the power to below 20Kw when the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, opening an argon filling valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, raising the pressure in the furnace to about 0.08MPa, closing the argon filling valve, raising the power to 65Kw, and refining for 2 min; wherein the flow rate of argon gas is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 35 s;
5) casting: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 35Kw, keeping the vacuum smelting furnace for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein 30 percent of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast at first, and the casting speed is controlled at 3.8 t/min; then casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, and controlling the casting speed at 5.8 t/min; finally, casting 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution, controlling the casting speed at 2.5t/min, and controlling the whole casting time to be 2 min; different casting speeds are used to solidify the alloy cast ingot layer by layer, so that the defects of slag inclusion and looseness caused by low temperature of a casting alloy solution are eliminated, and the problem of component segregation caused by long internal solidification time of the cast ingot is eliminated;
6) discharging: and after the casting is finished, turning off the heating, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging.
Example 2: CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: mn 12.3%, Ni 2.05% and the balance of Cu, and weighing the required raw materials in proportion; the preparation method of the CuNi30 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps of: proportioning: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: weighing 70% of Cu and 30% of Ni according to the proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of an electrolytic copper plate, and Ni element is added in the form of an electrolytic nickel plate; secondly, charging, namely charging the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve and cleaning an observation window; vacuumizing, starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the furnace is 0.07 MPa; smelting, wherein during smelting, when the vacuum degree P of the vacuum smelting furnace is 9.5Pa, heating and raising the temperature, the heating power is raised to 20Kw, preserving the heat for 5min, the heating power is raised to 30Kw, preserving the heat for 5min, the heating power is raised to 40Kw, preserving the heat for 5min, the heating power is raised to 50Kw, preserving the heat for 5min, the heating power is raised to 65Kw, preserving the heat for 5min, after the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, the power is lowered to 18Kw, an argon filling valve is opened, high-purity argon is slowly filled into the furnace body, when the pressure in the furnace is raised to 0.08MPa, the argon filling valve is closed, the power is raised to 60Kw, and refining is carried out for; wherein the flow rate of argon gas is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 40 s; fifthly, casting, namely reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 40Kw, keeping for 0.5 minute and starting casting, and using a steel mould for casting, wherein the casting time is 2 min; sixthly, discharging the casting furnace, and stopping the vacuum casting after the casting is finishedHeating the empty smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging; the CuNi30 intermediate alloy material prepared by the method reduces CuMn12The eutectic phase segregation in the Ni alloy ensures that the element performance in the alloy material is uniform; after the batching is finished, respectively carrying out acid washing on the electrolytic copper plate, the electrolytic manganese sheet and the CuNi30 intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, cleaning for 5min by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and then drying for 20min at the temperature of 80 ℃; removing oxides and other impurities on the surface of the raw material by acid washing, and improving the quality of the alloy;
2) charging: loading the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve, and cleaning an observation window; the crucible is made of a ferrosilicon material; the carbon in the carbon-containing crucible is prevented from seriously influencing the smelting of the copper-manganese alloy material.
3) Vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the furnace is 0.07 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is 9Pa, heating, raising the temperature, raising the heating power to 20Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 30Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 40Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 60Kw, lowering the power to 18Kw when the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, opening an argon filling air valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, closing the argon filling valve when the pressure in the furnace is raised to 0.07MPa, raising the power to 65Kw, and refining for 2 min; wherein the flow rate of argon gas is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 40 s;
5) casting: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 40Kw, keeping the vacuum smelting furnace for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein 30 percent of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast at first, and the casting speed is controlled at 4.1 t/min; then casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, and controlling the casting speed at 6 t/min; finally, casting 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution, controlling the casting speed at 3.5t/min and the whole casting time to be 2 min; different casting speeds are used to solidify the alloy cast ingot layer by layer, so that the defects of slag inclusion and looseness caused by low temperature of a casting alloy solution are eliminated, and the problem of component segregation caused by long internal solidification time of the cast ingot is eliminated;
6) discharging: and after the casting is finished, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging.
Example 3: CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: 12.3 percent of Mn, 2.10 percent of Ni and the balance of Cu, and weighing the required raw materials in proportion; the preparation method of the CuNi30 intermediate alloy comprises the following steps of: proportioning: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: weighing 70% of Cu and 30% of Ni according to the proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of an electrolytic copper plate, and Ni element is added in the form of an electrolytic nickel plate; secondly, charging, namely charging the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve and cleaning an observation window; vacuumizing, starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the furnace is 0.06 MPa; smelting, during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is 8Pa, heating to raise the temperature, heating power is raised to 212Kw, heat preservation is carried out for 5min, heating power is raised to 301Kw, heat preservation is carried out for 5min, heating power is raised to 41Kw, heat preservation is carried out for 5min, heating power is raised to 50Kw, heat preservation is carried out for 5min, heating power is raised to 65Kw, heat preservation is carried out for 5min, when the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, power is lowered to 16Kw, an argon filling gas valve is opened, high-purity argon is slowly filled into the furnace body, when the pressure in the furnace is raised to 0.068MPa, the argon filling valve is closed, power is raised to 60Kw, and refining is carried; wherein the flow rate of argon gas is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 40 s; fifthly, casting, reducing the power to 43Kw, keeping for 0.5 min, and starting casting by using a steel mould for casting, wherein the casting time is 2 min; discharging, closing heating after the casting is finished, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging; after the batching is finished, respectively carrying out acid washing on the electrolytic copper plate, the electrolytic manganese sheet and the CuNi30 intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for 8min by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and then drying for 32min at the temperature of 110 ℃; removing oxides and other impurities on the surface of the raw material by acid washing, and improving the quality of the alloy;
2) charging: the prepared alloy material is filled into a crucible, and a covering agent is added to the surface of the mixed alloy material, wherein the covering agent is a mixture of cryolite and borax with the weight ratio of 1: 1, and the adding thickness of the covering agent is 0.5 mm; by adding the covering agent formed by mixing cryolite and borax on the surface of the mixed alloy material, the oxidation and volatilization in the alloy smelting process can be effectively reduced, the alloy loss is reduced, the furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace is closed, the air release valve is closed, and the observation window is cleaned; the crucible is made of a ferrosilicon material; the carbon in the carbon-containing crucible is prevented from seriously influencing the smelting of the copper-manganese alloy material;
3) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the furnace is 0.06 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is 8Pa, heating, raising the temperature, raising the heating power to 22Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 32Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 42Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 60Kw, lowering the power to 16Kw when the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, opening an argon filling air valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, closing the argon filling valve when the pressure in the furnace is raised to 0.06MPa, raising the power to 65Kw, and refining for 2 min; the flow of argon is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 40 s;
5) casting: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 43Kw, keeping the vacuum smelting furnace for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein 30 percent of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast at first, and the casting speed is controlled at 4.8 t/min; then casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, and controlling the casting speed at 6.4 t/min; finally, casting 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution, controlling the casting speed at 4.1t/min and the whole casting time to be 2 min; different casting speeds are used to solidify the alloy cast ingot layer by layer, so that the defects of slag inclusion and looseness caused by low temperature of a casting alloy solution are eliminated, and the problem of component segregation caused by long internal solidification time of the cast ingot is eliminated;
6) discharging: after the casting is finished, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging; in the step 6), after the casting is finished, quenching the obtained alloy ingot, wherein the quenching comprises the following specific operations: the method is characterized in that compressed inert gas is utilized for blowing quenching, the quenching temperature is set to be 80 ℃, the quenching time is 15min, and the rigidity of the alloy material can be improved by quenching the alloy ingot, so that the durability of the alloy is improved.
Example 4: CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the percentage content of each element in the raw materials is as follows: 12.3 percent of Mn, 2.10 percent of Ni and the balance of Cu, and weighing the required raw materials in proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate, Mn element adopts electrolytic manganese sheet, Ni element adopts commercial CuNi30 intermediate alloy; after the batching is finished, respectively carrying out acid washing on the electrolytic copper plate, the electrolytic manganese sheet and the CuNi30 intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, cleaning for 15min by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and then drying for 45min at the temperature of 145 ℃; removing oxides and other impurities on the surface of the raw material by acid washing, and improving the quality of the alloy;
2) charging: the prepared alloy material is filled into a crucible, and a covering agent is added to the surface of the mixed alloy material, wherein the covering agent is a mixture of cryolite and borax with the weight ratio of 1: 1, and the adding thickness of the covering agent is 1.2 mm; adding a covering agent formed by mixing cryolite and borax on the surface of the mixed alloy material, effectively reducing oxidation and volatilization in the alloy smelting process, closing a furnace cover of a vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve, and cleaning an observation window; the crucible is made of a ferrosilicon material; the carbon in the carbon-containing crucible is prevented from seriously influencing the smelting of the copper-manganese alloy material; the vacuum smelting furnace is a ZG-0.025 type smelting furnace;
3) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the vacuum smelting furnace reaches a value of less than or equal to 0.08 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is 10Pa, heating to 22Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, heating to 32Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, heating to 42Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, heating to 50Kw, keeping the temperature for 5min, heating to 60Kw, reducing the power to 15Kw when the raw materials in the crucible begin to melt, opening an argon-filled gas valve, and slowly introducing the raw materials into the furnace bodyFilling high-purity argon, closing an argon filling valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08MPa, increasing the power to 65Kw, and refining for 2 min; wherein the flow rate of argon gas is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 40 s;
5) casting: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace to 45Kw, keeping the vacuum smelting furnace for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein 30 percent of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast at first, and the casting speed is controlled at 4.8 t/min; then casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, and controlling the casting speed at 6.4 t/min; finally, casting 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution, controlling the casting speed at 4.1t/min and the whole casting time to be 2 min; different casting speeds are used, so that the alloy cast ingot is solidified layer by layer, the defects of slag inclusion and looseness caused by low temperature of a casting alloy solution are eliminated, and the problem of component segregation caused by long internal solidification time of the cast ingot is eliminated.
6) Discharging: after the casting is finished, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging; after the casting is finished, quenching the obtained alloy ingot, wherein the quenching comprises the following specific operations: the alloy ingot is quenched by compressed inert gas in a blowing mode, the quenching temperature is set to be 120 ℃, the quenching time is 45min, and the rigidity of the alloy material can be improved by quenching the alloy ingot, so that the durability of the alloy is improved; the metal flaw detector is used for detecting and flaw detecting the blank, and the blank with unqualified quality is removed by detecting and flaw detecting the blank, so that the quality of a subsequent finished product is ensured, and the using effect is improved.
Example 5: this example is substantially the same as example 4, except that: the vacuum smelting furnace in the step 2) comprises a furnace body 1, an induction heating coil 2, a heating crucible 3, a lifting assembly 4 and a translation assembly 5, wherein the upper end of the furnace body 1 is movably provided with a furnace cover 10, the furnace cover 10 is provided with an air inlet pipe 11, the side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with an observation window 12 and a movable door 13, the movable door 13 is positioned at the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body 1, and the bottom of the furnace body 1 is provided with a base 14; the induction heating coil 2 is fixedly arranged at the upper end in the furnace body 1, a gap is reserved between the induction heating coil 2 and the furnace body 1, the lifting assembly 4 comprises two electromagnetic shielding plates 40, two sliding rods 41 and a winch 42, the two sliding rods 41 are respectively and vertically and fixedly arranged at two sides of the bottom in the furnace body 1, the electromagnetic shielding plates 40 are slidably connected onto the two sliding rods 41 through a sliding sleeve 400, the upper end face of each electromagnetic shielding plate 40 is horizontally provided with a slot 401, the heating crucible 3 is movably arranged on the electromagnetic shielding plates 40 and can ascend to the inner area of the induction heating coil 2 along with the electromagnetic shielding plates 40, the winch 42 is rotatably clamped on the furnace body 1 through a rotating shaft 420, the rotating shaft 420 penetrates through the furnace body 1, a steel cable 421 is arranged between the rotating shaft 420 and the sliding sleeve 400, and a component for fixing the winch; the translation assembly 5 comprises a sliding frame 50 and a sliding seat 51, the sliding frame 50 is horizontally arranged on the base 14 and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the upper end surface of the base 14, the sliding seat 51 is arranged on the sliding frame 50 in a sliding manner, the sliding direction of the sliding seat 51 is consistent with the opening direction of the movable door 13, an inserting rod 52 is arranged on the sliding seat 51, the inserting rod 52 can be inserted into the slot 401, and the furnace cover 10 and the movable door 13 are both connected with the furnace body 1 in a sealing manner; the vacuum melting furnace can reduce the phenomenon of uneven internal structure of the cast ingot caused by too fast temperature loss in the casting process of the alloy cast ingot, thereby achieving the effect of fine grain strengthening, reducing the grain size of the alloy cast ingot and improving the quality of the cast ingot.
The use method of the vacuum smelting furnace comprises the following steps of; placing a material to be smelted in a heating crucible 3, covering a furnace cover 10, connecting an external vacuumizing device with an air inlet 11, vacuumizing the interior of a furnace body 1, connecting an induction heating coil 3 with an external power supply, electromagnetically heating the material in the heating crucible 3, observing the melting state of the material through an observation window 12, opening a movable door 13 after the material is completely melted, and rotating a winch 42 to enable the heating crucible 3 and an electromagnetic shielding plate 40 to descend to a base in the furnace body 1 along a sliding rod 41; the slide 51 is moved so that the insert rod 51 is inserted into the slot 401 of the electromagnetic shield 40, and then the slide 51 is moved to remove the heating crucible 3 from the furnace body 1 for casting.
Test example 1: the CuNi30 master alloys prepared in the embodiments 1-4 are respectively taken for detection, and the results are shown in Table 1;
table 1 chemical content test results for CuNi30 master alloy materials prepared in examples 1-4;
test example 2: respectively taking CuMn prepared in the embodiments 1-412The Ni alloy is detected, and the result is shown in Table 2;
table 2: CuMn prepared in examples 1-412Detecting the proportion of the Ni alloy material;
test example 3: respectively taking CuMn prepared in the embodiments 1-412The results of the tests performed on the Ni alloy are shown in table 3:
table 3: the detection results of the components of the CuMn12Ni alloy materials prepared in examples 1-4;
as can be seen from tables 1-3, CuMn prepared by the present invention12The Ni alloy has compact structure, less pores and inclusions, and no defects of macroscopic and microscopic segregation such as Cu and Mn enrichment and the like; meanwhile, the CuNi30 intermediate alloy is used as a source of Ni element, so that CuMn is reduced12The eutectic phase segregation in the Ni alloy ensures that the element properties in the alloy material are uniform.
Experimental example 4: respectively taking CuMn prepared in the embodiments 4 and 512The results of the tests performed on the Ni alloy are shown in table 4:
table 4: the detection results of the components of the CuMn12Ni alloy materials prepared in the embodiments 4 and 5;
as can be seen from Table 4, the vacuum melting furnace of the invention can reduce the phenomenon of nonuniform internal structure of the ingot due to too fast temperature loss in the casting process of the alloy ingot, thereby achieving the effect of fine grain strengthening, reducing the grain size of the alloy ingot and improving the quality of the ingot.
Claims (2)
1. CuMn prepared by vacuum induction melting12A method of Ni alloying, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 11-13% of Mn, 1-3% of Ni and the balance of Cu, and weighing the required raw materials in proportion; wherein, Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate, Mn element adopts electrolytic manganese sheet, Ni element adopts CuNi30 intermediate alloy; respectively carrying out acid washing on the electrolytic copper plate, the electrolytic manganese sheet and the CuNi30 intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for 5-15 min by using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and then drying for 20-45 min at the temperature of 80-145 ℃;
2) charging: loading the prepared alloy material into a crucible, closing a furnace cover of the vacuum smelting furnace, closing an air release valve, and cleaning an observation window; adding a covering agent on the surface of the mixed alloy material, wherein the covering agent is a mixture of cryolite and borax in a weight ratio of 1: 1, and the adding thickness of the covering agent is 0.5-1.2 mm; the crucible is made of a ferrosilicon material;
3) vacuumizing: starting a mechanical pump, opening a low-vacuum baffle valve for vacuumizing, and starting a roots pump when the vacuum pressure in the vacuum smelting furnace reaches a value of less than or equal to 0.08 MPa;
4) smelting: during smelting, when the vacuum degree P in a vacuum smelting furnace is less than or equal to 10Pa, heating, raising the temperature, raising the heating power to 20 +/-2 kW, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 30 +/-2 kW, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 40 +/-2 kW, keeping the temperature for 5min, raising the heating power to 60kW, reducing the power to below 20kW when the raw materials in the crucible start to melt, opening an argon filling air valve, slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body, raising the pressure in the furnace to 0.08MPa, closing the argon filling valve, raising the power to 65kW, and refining for 2 min; wherein the flow of argon is 0.3m3Min, and the argon filling time is 35-40 s;
5) casting: reducing the heating power of a vacuum melting furnace to 40kW +/-5 kW, keeping the heating power for 0.2 min, and starting casting, wherein 30% of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast at first, and the casting speed is controlled to be 3.8-4.8 t/min; then, casting 45% of the total amount of the alloy solution, wherein the casting speed is controlled to be 5.8-6.4 t/min; finally, 25% of the total amount of the alloy solution is cast, the casting speed is controlled to be 2.5-4.1 t/min, and the whole casting time is less than or equal to 2 min;
6) discharging: after the casting is finished, stopping heating the vacuum smelting furnace, cooling for 30 minutes, and discharging; after the casting is finished, quenching the obtained alloy ingot, wherein the quenching comprises the following specific operations: and (3) carrying out spray quenching by using compressed inert gas, setting the quenching temperature to be 80-120 ℃, setting the quenching time to be 15-45 min, and finally carrying out inspection and flaw detection treatment on the blank by using a metal flaw detector.
2. The method for preparing CuMn by vacuum induction melting according to claim 112The method for preparing the Ni alloy is characterized in that the vacuum smelting furnace in the step 2) comprises a furnace body (1), an induction heating coil (2), a heating crucible (3), a lifting assembly (4) and a translation assembly (5), wherein the upper end of the furnace body (1) is movably provided with a furnace cover (10), the furnace cover (10) is provided with an air inlet pipe (11), the side wall of the furnace body (1) is provided with an observation window (12) and a movable door (13), the movable door (13) is positioned at the lower position of the side wall of the furnace body (1), and the bottom of the furnace body (1) is provided with a base (14); the induction heating coil (2) is fixedly arranged at the upper end inside the furnace body (1), a gap is reserved between the induction heating coil (2) and the furnace body (1), the lifting assembly (4) comprises electromagnetic shielding plates (40), sliding rods (41) and winches (42), the two sliding rods (41) are vertically and fixedly arranged on two sides of the bottom in the furnace body (1) respectively, the electromagnetic shielding plates (40) are connected to the two sliding rods (41) in a sliding mode through sliding sleeves (400), the upper end face of each electromagnetic shielding plate (40) is horizontally provided with a slot (401), each winch (42) is rotatably clamped on the furnace body (1) through a rotating shaft (420), each rotating shaft (420) penetrates through the furnace body (1), and a steel cable (421) is arranged between each rotating shaft (420) and each sliding sleeve (400); the heating crucible (3) is movably arranged on the electromagnetic shielding plate (40) and can ascend to the interior of the induction heating coil (2) along with the electromagnetic shielding plate (40)An area; translation subassembly (5) are including carriage (50) and slide (51), carriage (50) level sets up on base (14), and be located same horizontal plane with base (14) up end, slide (51) slide and set up on carriage (50), and the slip direction of slide (51) is unanimous with the direction of opening of dodge gate (13), is provided with inserted bar (52) on slide (51), inserted bar (52) can insert in slot (401).
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