CN111530623A - Method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
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- CN111530623A CN111530623A CN202010383385.XA CN202010383385A CN111530623A CN 111530623 A CN111530623 A CN 111530623A CN 202010383385 A CN202010383385 A CN 202010383385A CN 111530623 A CN111530623 A CN 111530623A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B1/00—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the following steps: 1) conveying the laterite nickel ore into a screening and washing machine for treatment to obtain oversize products and undersize products; 2) sending the oversize products into a primary crusher and a secondary crusher for crushing, and then sending the crushed oversize products into a sieving machine to obtain oversize products, undersize products and intermediate products; 3) the intermediate is sent into an ore mill to be ground into ore pulp with the granularity of-1 mm, then the ore pulp and undersize are sent into a cyclone II to be processed to obtain overflow and settled sand, and oversize is returned to a secondary crusher to participate in crushing; 4) treating the overflow in a magnesium ore thickener to obtain overflow and a base solution, feeding the overflow into the screening and washing machine in the step (1), and feeding the base solution to a nickel leaching process; 5) after the undersize is sent into an ore washer for ore washing, the return sand is sent into a secondary crusher for crushing, and the overflow enters a cyclone I for treatment; 6) the overflow is sent to an iron ore thickener for processing, the overflow is returned to an ore washer for participating in ore washing, and the underflow is sent to a nickel leaching process; 7) and (4) treating the base solution and the settled sand in a jigging machine, enriching, roughing and selecting to obtain the ferrochrome concentrate. The resource integration utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
Chromite is a shortage of mineral species in China, the reserves are small, the yield is low, and more than 80% of annual consumption is imported. The inlet amount of chromite in 2019 in 1-8 months in China is 9845687.821 tons through statistics, and the inlet amount is 186736292 dollars. Through statistics of 31 days 12 months in 2019, the price of imported chromite to shore in China is as follows: between 30 and 32% of lump ore and between 115 and 125 dollars per ton, between 36 and 38% of lump ore and between 140 and 150 dollars per ton, between 38 and 40% of lump ore and between 230 and 240 dollars per ton; 40-42% of concentrate 145-155 dollars/ton, and 46-48% of concentrate 215-220 dollars/ton.
At present, the laterite-nickel ore is associated with chromium metal in China, and in the hydrometallurgical process of laterite-nickel ore, the chromium metal is usually precipitated into waste residues along with iron and aluminum silicon in the processes of removing iron and aluminum silicon. In the former acid leaching process, a large amount of acid is consumed due to the existence of ferrochrome, and in the latter impurity removing process, a large amount of alkali is consumed. In addition, part of chromium in the liquid after aluminum and silicon removal is remained in the liquid after aluminum and silicon removal, so that the chromium is precipitated together with nickel while the nickel is precipitated, the metal chromium is continuously accumulated, and after the chromium element reaches a certain concentration, the normal electrodeposition of the nickel is influenced, the skin explosion or blackboard phenomenon occurs, and the safety of the nickel hydrometallurgy process and the quality of an electrolytic nickel plate are seriously influenced. Thus wasting resources and consuming energy and influencing the quality of nickel products.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements in the art that overcome the above-identified problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Chromite in the laterite-nickel ore is mainly distributed in 0.15-1mm size fraction minerals, as shown in the following table:
analysis table for granularity and element in laterite-nickel ore raw ore
Chromium hydroxides are present in both acid and base solutions at different pH values, as shown in the following table:
chromium hydroxide Properties Table
Aiming at the defects in the prior art and the characteristics of chromite, the invention provides the method for extracting chromite from the laterite-nickel ore, which can avoid or reduce the influence and harm of chromium metal in the laterite-nickel ore hydrometallurgy, reduce the acid consumption of the laterite-nickel ore hydrometallurgy, reduce the burden of extraction and impurity removal and improve the quality of an electrodeposited nickel plate; and secondly, the comprehensive utilization rate of the chromite resource in the laterite-nickel ore can be improved, and the pressure that most of domestic chromites depend on import can be relieved.
The invention is completed by the following technical scheme: a method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding the laterite nickel ore into a screening and washing machine for washing and screening to obtain oversize products and undersize products;
(2) sending the oversize product obtained in the step (1) into a primary crusher for crushing, then sending into a secondary crusher for crushing, and then sending into a sieving machine for sieving to obtain oversize product, undersize product and intermediate product;
(3) sending the intermediate in the step (2) into an ore mill for grinding until ore pulp with the granularity of-1 mm is obtained, sending the ore pulp and the undersize in the step (2) into a cyclone II for processing to obtain overflow and settled sand, and returning the oversize in the step (2) to a secondary crusher for crushing;
(4) treating the overflow in the step (3) in a magnesium ore thickener to obtain overflow and a base solution, sending the overflow to the screening and washing machine in the step (1), and sending the base solution to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain a nickel acid leaching solution;
(5) sending the undersize material obtained in the step (1) into an ore washer for ore washing to obtain return sand and overflow, sending the return sand into a secondary crusher obtained in the step (2) for crushing, and treating the overflow in a cyclone I to obtain overflow and base liquid;
(6) after the overflow in the step (5) is sent to an iron ore thickener for treatment, obtaining overflow and underflow, returning the overflow to the ore washer in the step (5) for ore washing, and sending the underflow to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain nickel acid leaching solution;
(7) the base solution obtained in the step (5) and the settled sand obtained in the step (3) enter a jigger together for treatment and enrichment to obtain chromite and tailings;
(8) feeding the chromite obtained in the step (7) into a chute for roughing to obtain chromite rough ores and tailings;
(9) feeding the ferrochrome rough ore in the step (8) to a concentration table concentrator for concentration to obtain ferrochrome concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(10) carrying out scavenging on the middlings in the step (9) by a scavenging table to obtain chromite concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(11) and (4) sending the tailings of the steps (7), (8) and (9) and the middling and tailings of the step (10) to the ore grinding machine of the step (3) for grinding.
And (4) sending the nickel acid immersion liquid obtained in the steps (4) and (6) to subsequent treatment to obtain the electrodeposited nickel.
The ore washing and screening in the step (1) are as follows: feeding into a cylindrical screening and washing machine with 50mm screen gaps, wherein the water consumption for ore washing is 3-4 times of the ore amount, and the water pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa.
The equipment used in the invention is conventional equipment.
Because the chromite mainly exists in the laterite-nickel ore with the limonite type and the grain size of 0.15-1mm, ore pulp with the grain size of-1 mm is formed by grinding as fine as possible, the chromite enters the sand setting to be separated from the nickel ore pulp, the chromite is separated from the sand setting containing the chromite through a jigger, a chute and a table concentrator, and the nickel ore pulp enters the acid leaching procedure normally.
The invention has the following advantages and effects: by adopting the scheme, the chromite can be separated from the laterite-nickel ore to obtain the chromite with poor resources, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of the laterite-nickel ore as a mineral resource is greatly improved, the influence and the harm of chromium metal in the laterite-nickel ore hydrometallurgy are fundamentally eliminated, the acid consumption is reduced, the extraction and impurity removal burden is reduced, and the quality of the electrodeposited nickel is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding the laterite nickel ore into a cylindrical screening and washing machine with 50mm screen gaps for washing and screening, wherein the water consumption for washing the ore is 3.5 times of the ore quantity, and the water pressure is 0.4MPa, so as to obtain oversize products and undersize products which are larger than 50 mm;
(2) sending the oversize products obtained in the step (1) into a primary crusher for crushing, then sending the crushed oversize products into a secondary crusher for crushing, and then sending the crushed oversize products into a sieving machine for sieving to obtain oversize products larger than 8mm, undersize products smaller than 1mm and intermediate products of 1-8 mm;
(3) feeding the intermediate material of 1-8 mm in the step (2) into a ball mill for grinding until ore pulp with the granularity of-0.15 mm is obtained, feeding the ore pulp and the undersize material of less than 1mm in the step (2) into a cyclone II for processing to obtain overflow of-0.15 mm and settled sand of 0.15-1mm, and feeding the oversize material of more than 8mm in the step (2) back to a secondary crusher for crushing;
(4) treating the overflow of the step (3) -0.15mm in a magnesium ore thickener to obtain overflow and base solution, sending the overflow to the screening washer of the step (1), and sending the base solution to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain nickel acid leaching solution;
(5) sending the undersize material obtained in the step (1) into a groove type ore washer for ore washing to obtain return sand with the thickness of 1-50 mm and overflow with the thickness of-1 mm, sending the return sand into a secondary crusher in the step (2) for crushing, and sending the overflow into a cyclone I for desliming to obtain overflow with the thickness of-0.15 mm and settled sand with the thickness of 0.15-1 mm;
(6) after the overflow of-0.15 mm in the step (5) is sent to an iron ore thickener for treatment, overflow and underflow are obtained, the overflow returns to the ore washer in the step (5) to participate in ore washing, and the underflow is sent to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching, so that nickel acid leaching solution is obtained;
(7) the sand setting of 0.15-1mm in the step (5) and the sand setting of 0.15-1mm in the step (3) enter a jigger together for treatment and enrichment to obtain chromite and tailings;
(8) feeding the chromite obtained in the step (7) into a spiral chute for roughing to obtain chromite rough ore and tailings;
(9) feeding the ferrochrome rough ore in the step (8) to a concentration table concentrator for concentration to obtain ferrochrome concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(10) the middlings in the step (9) are sent to a scavenging table for scavenging to obtain ferrochrome concentrate and tailings;
(11) sending the tailings of the steps (7), (8), (9) and (10) to the ore mill of the step (3) for grinding;
(12) and (4) sending the nickel acid immersion liquid obtained in the steps (4) and (6) to subsequent treatment to obtain the electrodeposited nickel.
By this example, 2.25% Cr can be obtained2O3Selecting and obtaining the laterite-nickel ore containing 41.6 percent of Cr2O3The recovery rate of the chromium concentrate reaches 65.7 percent.
Example 2
A method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding the laterite nickel ore into a cylindrical screening and washing machine with 50mm screen gaps for washing and screening, wherein the water consumption for washing the ore is 3 times of the ore quantity, and the water pressure is 0.5MPa, so as to obtain oversize products and undersize products which are larger than 50 mm;
(2) sending the oversize products obtained in the step (1) into a primary crusher for crushing, then sending the crushed oversize products into a secondary crusher for crushing, and then sending the crushed oversize products into a sieving machine for sieving to obtain oversize products larger than 8mm, undersize products smaller than 1mm and intermediate products of 1-8 mm;
(3) feeding the intermediate material of 1-8 mm in the step (2) into a ball mill for grinding until ore pulp with the granularity of-0.15 mm is obtained, feeding the ore pulp and the undersize material of less than 1mm in the step (2) into a cyclone II for processing to obtain overflow of-0.15 mm and settled sand of 0.15-1mm, and feeding the oversize material of more than 8mm in the step (2) back to a secondary crusher for crushing;
(4) treating the overflow of the step (3) -0.15mm in a magnesium ore thickener to obtain overflow and base solution, sending the overflow to the screening washer of the step (1), and sending the base solution to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain nickel acid leaching solution;
(5) sending the undersize material obtained in the step (1) into a groove type ore washer for ore washing to obtain return sand with the thickness of 1-50 mm and overflow with the thickness of-1 mm, sending the return sand into a secondary crusher in the step (2) for crushing, and sending the overflow into a cyclone I for desliming to obtain overflow with the thickness of-0.15 mm and settled sand with the thickness of 0.15-1 mm;
(6) after the overflow of-0.15 mm in the step (5) is sent to an iron ore thickener for treatment, overflow and underflow are obtained, the overflow returns to the ore washer in the step (5) to participate in ore washing, and the underflow is sent to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching, so that nickel acid leaching solution is obtained;
(7) the sand setting of 0.15-1mm in the step (5) and the sand setting of 0.15-1mm in the step (3) enter a jigger together for treatment and enrichment to obtain chromite and tailings;
(8) feeding the chromite obtained in the step (7) into a spiral chute for roughing to obtain chromite rough ore and tailings;
(9) feeding the ferrochrome rough ore in the step (8) to a concentration table concentrator for concentration to obtain ferrochrome concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(10) the middlings in the step (9) are sent to a scavenging table for scavenging to obtain ferrochrome concentrate and tailings;
(11) sending the tailings of the steps (7), (8), (9) and (10) to the ore mill of the step (3) for grinding;
(12) and (4) sending the nickel acid immersion liquid obtained in the steps (4) and (6) to subsequent treatment to obtain the electrodeposited nickel.
By this example, 2.21% Cr can be obtained2O3Selecting and obtaining the laterite-nickel ore containing 41.5 percent of Cr2O3The recovery rate of the chromium concentrate reaches 65.6 percent.
Claims (3)
1. A method for extracting chromite from laterite-nickel ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding the laterite nickel ore into a screening and washing machine for washing and screening to obtain oversize products and undersize products;
(2) sending the oversize product obtained in the step (1) into a primary crusher for crushing, then sending into a secondary crusher for crushing, and then sending into a sieving machine for sieving to obtain oversize product, undersize product and intermediate product;
(3) sending the intermediate in the step (2) into an ore mill for grinding until ore pulp with the granularity of-1 mm is obtained, sending the ore pulp and the undersize in the step (2) into a cyclone II for processing to obtain overflow and settled sand, and returning the oversize in the step (2) to a secondary crusher for crushing;
(4) treating the overflow in the step (3) in a magnesium ore thickener to obtain overflow and a base solution, sending the overflow to the screening and washing machine in the step (1), and sending the base solution to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain a nickel acid leaching solution;
(5) sending the undersize material obtained in the step (1) into an ore washer for ore washing to obtain return sand and overflow, sending the return sand into a secondary crusher obtained in the step (2) for crushing, and treating the overflow in a cyclone I to obtain overflow and base liquid;
(6) after the overflow in the step (5) is sent to an iron ore thickener for treatment, obtaining overflow and underflow, returning the overflow to the ore washer in the step (5) for ore washing, and sending the underflow to a nickel leaching process for nickel leaching to obtain nickel acid leaching solution;
(7) the base solution obtained in the step (5) and the settled sand obtained in the step (3) enter a jigger together for treatment and enrichment to obtain chromite and tailings;
(8) feeding the chromite obtained in the step (7) into a chute for roughing to obtain chromite rough ores and tailings;
(9) feeding the ferrochrome rough ore in the step (8) to a concentration table concentrator for concentration to obtain ferrochrome concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(10) carrying out scavenging on the middlings in the step (9) by a scavenging table to obtain chromite concentrate, middlings and tailings;
(11) and (4) sending the tailings of the steps (7), (8) and (9) and the middling and tailings of the step (10) to the ore grinding machine of the step (3) for grinding.
2. The method for extracting chromite from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 1, characterized in that the nickel acid leach solution of the steps (4) and (6) is sent to a subsequent process to obtain electrodeposited nickel.
3. The method for extracting chromite from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 1, characterized in that the ore washing and screening of the step (1) is: feeding into a cylindrical screening and washing machine with 50mm screen gaps, wherein the water consumption for ore washing is 3-4 times of the ore amount, and the water pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115382649A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-25 | 秦皇岛优格玛工业技术有限公司 | Ilmenite separation method |
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN115382649B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-04-30 | 秦皇岛优格玛工业技术有限公司 | Ilmenite separation method |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |