CN111530618B - Method for separating garbage fly ash according to density - Google Patents
Method for separating garbage fly ash according to density Download PDFInfo
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- CN111530618B CN111530618B CN202010377263.XA CN202010377263A CN111530618B CN 111530618 B CN111530618 B CN 111530618B CN 202010377263 A CN202010377263 A CN 202010377263A CN 111530618 B CN111530618 B CN 111530618B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
- B03B5/442—Application of particular media therefor composition of heavy media
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for separating garbage fly ash according to density, which comprises the following steps of firstly preparing ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution; mixing the garbage fly ash and ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution according to a certain proportion, carrying out suction filtration on a solid-liquid mixture after reaction, washing to form a garbage fly ash filter cake, and storing for later use; preparing a plurality of parts of heavy sodium tungstate liquid with the concentration from low to high, using the heavy sodium tungstate liquid with different concentrations from low to high, and forming different-density sub-samples from the garbage fly ash by a floating and sinking separation method, thereby realizing the purpose of separating the garbage fly ash according to density. The method has the advantages of strong operability and high result accuracy, can be applied to the research work of the garbage fly ash, and provides convenience for the research of the garbage fly ash.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste incineration power generation, in particular to a method for separating waste fly ash according to density.
Background
With the rapid advance of urbanization in China, the production amount of household garbage is huge and increases at a speed of 8-10% per year. At present, landfill and incineration are two main treatment methods of garbage in China, wherein incineration has the advantages of thorough sterilization, large volume reduction, utilization of heat energy and the like, and the proportion of the incineration in China is higher and higher. The fly ash is generated by burning the household garbage, and currently, landfill is the main disposal method of the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage in China. The household garbage incineration fly ash is stabilized by using a chelating agent or/and cement and then sent to a landfill for landfill, and the method has the advantages of simple equipment, low disposal cost and the like, but dioxin in the fly ash is difficult to degrade, heavy metal pollutants are temporarily sealed, salt substances cannot be solidified, and hidden dangers of pollution to underground water and the environment exist; furthermore, the land around cities is particularly tight and many landfills are or will run out. Therefore, the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is difficult to be used for a long time in landfill disposal, and does not meet the requirement of constructing a non-waste city which is promoted by the country, and a new method is urgently needed to be researched.
On the other hand, medical waste is also treated by adopting an incineration method, as the generation amount of dioxin is large in the incineration process, more lime and activated carbon are sprayed to absorb HCl and capture the dioxin, and incineration fly ash is also treated by adopting a landfill method.
The research foundation for developing the new method for treating the fly ash generated by burning the domestic and medical wastes is to master the distribution rule of carbon and dioxin in the fly ash of the wastes, and the carbon density is 1.3-1.6 kg/cm3While the density of the inorganic ash slag is 2.6-2.8 kg/cm3With a density of 1.8-2.4 kg/cm3Heavy liquid floating and sinking and centrifugal separation are feasible methods for separating carbon and inorganic ash from the garbage fly ash. Heavy liquid which can be used for reference in the fields of coal, metallurgy and the like comprises calcium chloride heavy liquid, organic heavy liquid and sodium polytungstate heavy liquid. The calcium chloride has low density and limited solubility in water, and the density of the calcium chloride heavy liquid can only be prepared to 2.0 kg/cm at most3(ii) a The carbon tetrachloride, benzene and tribromomethane can be prepared into the product with the density of 1.8-2.4 kg/cm3The organic heavy liquid, but dioxin is an organic matter, and can be dissolved in the organic heavy liquid, so that the significance of floating and sinking of the garbage fly ash is lost; sodium polytungstate can be prepared into 1.8-2.4 kg/cm3Heavy liquid, however, is not usable because the waste fly ash contains a large amount of calcium hydroxide and reacts with sodium polytungstate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a floating and sinking separation method for different density components of garbage fly ash, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for separating garbage fly ash according to density comprises the following steps:
1) preparing ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution;
2) mixing the garbage fly ash and ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution according to a certain proportion, carrying out suction filtration on a solid-liquid mixture after reaction, washing to form a garbage fly ash filter cake, and storing for later use;
3) preparing a plurality of parts of heavy sodium tungstate solutions with different densities, wherein the parts of heavy sodium tungstate solutions comprise a first density heavy sodium tungstate solution, a second density heavy sodium tungstate solution, a third density heavy sodium tungstate solution, an Nth density heavy sodium tungstate solution, and N is more than or equal to 3;
4) forming sub-samples with different densities by using heavy sodium tungstate liquid with different densities from low to high through a floating and sinking separation method;
5) filtering and washing the subsamples with different densities obtained in the step 4);
6) and (5) drying for later use.
The preparation concentration range of the ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution in the step 1) is 1.5-3.5 mol/L.
In the step 2), the mixing mass ratio of the garbage fly ash and the ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution is 1:3-1: 10.
The density grade N is more than 3, and the density range is between 1.8 and 2.8 g/mL.
In the step 4), firstly, pouring the garbage fly ash filter cake obtained in the step 2) into a centrifugal tank, adding a heavy sodium tungstate solution with a first density of 1.8g/mL, fully stirring in a constant-temperature water bath, dispersing in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and centrifuging; carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing with water, and drying in an oven to obtain a garbage fly ash sample with a first density of rho less than 1.8g/mL, wherein the suction filtration liquid is replenished for recycling; then pouring the heavy liquid of the sodium tungstate with the second density into a centrifugal tank, mixing the heavy liquid with the lower-layer precipitate after centrifugation, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, fully stirring the mixture, putting the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaner for dispersion, and centrifuging the mixture; and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing, drying in an oven to obtain a garbage fly ash sample with a first density of 1.8g/mL and rho of less than 2.8g/mL and a second density, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
By the method, the heavy liquid of sodium polytungstate with different densities from low to high is adopted to float and sink the garbage fly ash for separation, and garbage fly ash sub-samples with different densities are sequentially obtained.
The method for separating the garbage fly ash according to the density comprises the following steps: the stirring condition in the constant temperature water bath is 40-70 deg.C for 2-8min, the time in the ultrasonic cleaning instrument is 2-6 min, the centrifugation condition is 2500-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of strong operability and high result accuracy, can be applied to the research works such as separation of unburned carbon in the incineration fly ash of the household garbage and the incineration fly ash of the medical garbage, the distribution rule and the formation mechanism of dioxin and the like, and has great potential economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
EXAMPLE 1 ammonium chloride solution pretreatment
1. Collecting domestic garbage on site500g of incineration fly ash sample is reserved; using ammonium chloride to analyze pure reagent to prepare NH with the density of 2.49mol/L4And (4) preparing a Cl solution for later use.
2. Taking 60g of garbage fly ash, wherein the liquid-solid mass ratio of NH is 3:1 to 2.49mol/L4And mixing the Cl solution, stirring and fully reacting for 40min, carrying out suction filtration on the solid-liquid mixture after reaction, washing twice, and storing a filter cake for later use.
3. Preparing heavy sodium polytungstate liquid with the density of 1.8g/ml, 2.3g/ml, 2.5g/ml and 2.7g/ml according to the solid sodium polytungstate powder for later use.
4. And (3) pouring the filter cake obtained in the step (2) into a centrifugal tank, adding 100ml of heavy sodium polytungstate liquid with the density of 1.8g/ml, putting into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 50 ℃, fully stirring for 3min, putting into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, dispersing for 3min, and centrifuging at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 10 min.
5. And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing with water for 3 times, drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a component with the density rho of less than 1.8g/ml, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
6. Pouring 100ml of 2.3g/ml sodium polytungstate heavy liquid into a centrifugal tank, mixing with the centrifuged lower-layer precipitate, putting into a 50 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle, fully stirring for 3min, then putting into an ultrasonic cleaner, dispersing for 3min, and centrifuging for 10min at 3000 rpm.
7. And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing for 3 times, drying for 3 hours in a 105 ℃ oven to obtain a component with the density of 1.8g/ml < rho < 2.3g/ml, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
8. The above steps are repeated to obtain components with the density of 2.3g/ml < rho < 2.5g/ml, 2.5g/ml < rho < 2.7g/ml and rho > 2.7 g/ml.
9. And respectively detecting and characterizing the components with the density of rho less than 1.8g/ml, rho less than 2.3g/ml, rho less than 2.5g/ml, rho less than 2.7g/ml and rho more than 2.7g/ml, and analyzing data to obtain the distribution rule of the dioxin on each component of the municipal refuse incineration fly ash.
Example 2 ammonium nitrate solution pretreatment process
1. 500g of medical waste incineration fly ash samples are collected on site for standby; using ammonium nitrate as analytical reagent to prepare NH with density of 2.0mol/L4NO3The solution is ready for use.
2. Taking 60g of garbage fly ash, and mixing the garbage fly ash with NH according to the liquid-solid mass ratio of 5:1 to 2.0mol/L4NO3And mixing the solutions, stirring and fully reacting for 30min, carrying out suction filtration on a solid-liquid mixture after reaction, washing twice, and storing a filter cake for later use.
3. Preparing heavy sodium polytungstate liquid with the density of 1.8g/ml, 2.0g/ml, 2.2g/ml, 2.4g/ml and 2.8g/ml according to the solid sodium polytungstate powder for later use.
4. And (3) pouring the filter cake obtained in the step (2) into a centrifugal tank, adding 100ml of 1.8g/ml heavy sodium tungstate solution, putting into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 40 ℃, fully stirring for 6min, putting into an ultrasonic cleaner, dispersing for 5min, and centrifuging for 15 min at the rotating speed of 2500 rpm.
5. And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing with water for 3 times, drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a component with the density rho of less than 1.8g/ml, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
6. Pouring 100ml of heavy sodium tungstate solution with the density of 2.0g/ml into a centrifugal tank to be mixed with the centrifuged lower-layer precipitate, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 40 ℃ to be fully stirred for 6min, then putting the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaner to be dispersed for 5min, and centrifuging the mixture for 15 min at the rotating speed of 2500 rpm.
7. And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing for 3 times, drying for 3 hours in a 105 ℃ oven to obtain a component with the density of 1.8g/ml < rho < 2.0g/ml, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
8. The above steps are repeated to obtain components with the density of 2.0g/ml < rho < 2.2g/ml, 2.2g/ml < rho < 2.4g/ml, 2.4g/ml < rho < 2.8g/ml and rho > 2.8 g/ml.
9. The components with the densities of rho less than 1.8g/ml, rho less than 2.0g/ml, rho less than 2.2g/ml, rho less than 2.4g/ml, rho less than 2.8g/ml, 2.4g/ml and rho more than 2.8g/ml obtained by the method can be respectively detected and characterized by chemical composition, granularity, dioxin content, carbon content, SEM and XRD, and data are analyzed to obtain the distribution rule of unburned carbon and dioxin on each component of the municipal refuse incineration fly ash.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make any simple modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement on the above embodiment without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for separating garbage fly ash according to density is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution;
2) mixing the garbage fly ash and ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution according to a certain proportion, carrying out suction filtration on a solid-liquid mixture after reaction, washing to form a garbage fly ash filter cake, and storing for later use;
3) preparing a plurality of parts of heavy sodium tungstate solutions with different densities, including a first density heavy sodium tungstate solution, a second density heavy sodium tungstate solution, a third density heavy sodium tungstate solution, an Nth density heavy sodium tungstate solution, wherein N is a density grade;
4) forming sub-samples with different densities by using heavy sodium tungstate liquid with different densities from low to high through a floating and sinking separation method;
5) filtering and washing the subsamples with different densities obtained in the step 4);
6) drying for later use;
in the step 4), firstly, pouring the garbage fly ash filter cake obtained in the step 2) into a centrifugal tank, adding a first-density sodium polytungstate heavy liquid, putting into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, fully stirring, putting into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, dispersing, and centrifuging; carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing the upper-layer suspended matter, drying the upper-layer suspended matter in a drying oven to obtain a garbage fly ash sample with rho smaller than the first density, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling; then pouring the heavy liquid of the sodium tungstate with the second density into a centrifugal tank, mixing the heavy liquid with the lower-layer precipitate after centrifugation, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, fully stirring the mixture, putting the mixture into an ultrasonic cleaner for dispersion, and centrifuging the mixture; and (3) carrying out suction filtration on the centrifuged upper-layer suspended matter, washing, drying in an oven to obtain a garbage fly ash sample with a first density being more than rho and less than a second density, and supplementing a suction filtration liquid for recycling.
2. The method for density separation of fly ash from refuse of claim 1, wherein: the preparation concentration range of the ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution in the step 1) is 1.5-3.5 mol/L.
3. The method for density separation of fly ash from refuse of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the mixing mass ratio of the garbage fly ash and the ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate solution is 1:3-1: 10.
4. The method for density separation of fly ash from refuse of claim 1, wherein: the density level N is greater than 3.
5. The method for density separation of fly ash from refuse of claim 1, wherein: the density of the heavy liquid of sodium polytungstate of all grades ranges from 1.8 to 2.8 g/mL.
6. The method for density separation of fly ash from refuse of claim 1, wherein: the stirring condition in the constant temperature water bath is 40-70 deg.C for 2-8min, the time in the ultrasonic cleaning instrument is 2-6 min, the centrifugation condition is 2500-.
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| US5347073A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fixation of heavy metals, mercury recovery and dioxins destruction in municipal solid waste incinerator ash |
| US5887724A (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 1999-03-30 | Pittsburgh Mineral & Environmental Technology | Methods of treating bi-modal fly ash to remove carbon |
| US6126014A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-10-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Continuous air agglomeration method for high carbon fly ash beneficiation |
| CN106903130A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of method of the middle firm incineration of refuse flyash heavy metal of warm treatment |
| CN107519609A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 王立兵 | A kind of method of stabilization processing refuse incineration flying ash |
| CN108396149A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-14 | 太原理工大学 | The preenrichment heavy-fluid and preprocess method of aluminium lithium gallium are extracted from flyash |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MY179289A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-11-03 | Ecophos S A | Method for recovering ash from waste incineration |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5347073A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fixation of heavy metals, mercury recovery and dioxins destruction in municipal solid waste incinerator ash |
| US5887724A (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 1999-03-30 | Pittsburgh Mineral & Environmental Technology | Methods of treating bi-modal fly ash to remove carbon |
| US6126014A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-10-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Continuous air agglomeration method for high carbon fly ash beneficiation |
| CN107519609A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 王立兵 | A kind of method of stabilization processing refuse incineration flying ash |
| CN106903130A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of method of the middle firm incineration of refuse flyash heavy metal of warm treatment |
| CN108396149A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-14 | 太原理工大学 | The preenrichment heavy-fluid and preprocess method of aluminium lithium gallium are extracted from flyash |
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