CN111528066A - Agricultural irrigation control method and system - Google Patents
Agricultural irrigation control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528066A CN111528066A CN202010574464.9A CN202010574464A CN111528066A CN 111528066 A CN111528066 A CN 111528066A CN 202010574464 A CN202010574464 A CN 202010574464A CN 111528066 A CN111528066 A CN 111528066A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/162—Sequential operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural irrigation control method and system, wherein the control method comprises the steps of firstly calibrating a crop growth model based on crop growth related data, carrying out function fitting on the relation between evapotranspiration deficit index and crop water deficit rate, then determining a key water demand period by means of the corrected crop growth model, and calculating the water demand of the key water demand period according to the relation fitting function, so that the corrected crop growth model and the relation fitting function are supported by long-time sequence data of different areas, the calculation accuracy of the water demand period and the water demand of crops in different growth stages is improved, further, irrigation is guided more scientifically, and the crop yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation management, in particular to an agricultural irrigation control method and system.
Background
Drought is one of natural disasters which frequently occur, have long duration, complex occurrence mechanism and wide influence. Drought can have significant effects on the environment, ecology, hydrology, geology, and agriculture. Agriculture is the industry most affected by drought.
At present, there are two main methods for determining the effect of water stress on yield in different periods: a farmland test analysis method and a water production function analysis method.
The farmland test analysis method mainly utilizes a farmland moisture control test to control the moisture supply state of crops, observes physiological and ecological parameters of the crops under different moisture conditions and analyzes the influence of irrigation in different periods on the physiological and ecological parameters. The water production function reflects the influence of water deficit on the yield of crops in different growth stages, and plays an important role in the evaluation research of the influence of regional water-saving irrigation management, water utilization efficiency and deficit irrigation on the yield of the crops.
Most of the existing methods are still based on research of field experiments, and a moisture production function can describe the sensitivity degree of the yield to moisture from statistics and dynamics, but under different soil conditions, management measures and climatic conditions, the sensitivity degrees of the yields of different crop varieties to moisture at different production stages are different, so that the uniform quantification is difficult, the support of different regions and long-time sequence data is lacked, and the water demand periods and water demands of crops at different growth stages cannot be analyzed from a finer time-space scale.
How to improve the calculation accuracy of the water demand period and the water demand amount of crops at different growth stages, so as to guide irrigation more scientifically and improve the crop yield, and the method becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an agricultural irrigation control method and system to improve the calculation accuracy of water demand periods and water demand amounts of crops at different growth stages, so as to guide irrigation more scientifically and improve the crop yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of agricultural irrigation control, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring crop growth related data of a research area, wherein the crop growth related data comprises meteorological data, soil type and distribution data, crop yield data, crop growth data and crop field management observation data;
calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain a corrected crop growth model of the research area;
simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model, and determining the yield reduction rate of the crops caused by water shortage in different growth stages;
determining the key water-requiring period of crop irrigation according to the yield reduction rate of crops due to water shortage in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is a growth stage of crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate;
according to the crop growth related data, a function fitting mode is adopted to construct a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops;
when the crops are in the key water-requiring period, calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the crops in the current growth stage by using meteorological data of the crops in the current growth stage;
determining the water deficit rate of the crops in the current growth stage by utilizing the relation fitting function according to the evapotranspiration deficit index in the current growth stage;
and determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops, and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
Optionally, the calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain a corrected crop growth model of the research area specifically includes:
inputting meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
calculating relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of difference between simulated yield and actual yield of crops;
judging whether the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result;
if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is not less than the root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not greater than the consistency coefficient threshold, calibrating the parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model, and returning to the step of inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
and if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value and the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value, outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model.
Optionally, according to the crop growth related data, a function fitting mode is adopted to construct a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes of different key water-requiring periods of crops and crop water deficit rates, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
fitting by using a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes of different key water-requiring periods of the crops and the crop water deficit rate as follows:
wherein, CWDRiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; ETDIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
Optionally, the calculating, by using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crop, the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crop specifically includes:
calculating a reference crop transpiration amount of the crop in the research area by using meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crop and adopting a PM (Penman-monteith) algorithm, a TW (thornth white) algorithm or a PT (Priestlev-tavlor) algorithm;
and calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and taking the difference value as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
An agricultural irrigation control system, the control system comprising:
the crop growth related data acquisition module is used for acquiring crop growth related data of a research area, wherein the crop growth related data comprises meteorological data, soil type and distribution data, crop yield data, crop growth data and crop field management observation data;
the crop growth model calibration module is used for calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain a corrected crop growth model of the research area;
the yield reduction rate determining module is used for simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model and determining the yield reduction rate generated by water shortage of the crops at different growth stages;
the key water-demand period determining module is used for determining the key water-demand period of crop irrigation according to the yield reduction rate caused by water shortage of crops in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is a growth stage of crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate;
the function fitting module is used for constructing a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops by adopting a function fitting mode according to the crop growth related data;
the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module is used for calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops by using meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops when the crops are in the key water-requiring stage;
the water deficit rate determining module is used for determining the water deficit rate of the crops in the current growth stage by utilizing the relation fitting function according to the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage;
and the actual water demand determining module is used for determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
Optionally, the crop growth model calibration module specifically includes:
the simulated yield obtaining submodule is used for inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient calculation submodule is used for calculating the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of the difference value of the simulated yield and the actual yield of the crops;
the judgment submodule is used for judging whether the relative root mean square error is larger than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is smaller than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result;
a calibration submodule, configured to calibrate parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model if the determination result indicates that the relative root mean square error is not greater than a root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not less than the consistency coefficient threshold, and return to the step "input meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain a simulated yield of the crop";
and the model output submodule is used for outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is greater than a root mean square error threshold and the consistency coefficient is smaller than a consistency coefficient threshold.
Optionally, the function fitting module specifically includes:
and the function fitting submodule is used for fitting by utilizing a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops as follows:
wherein, CWDRiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; ETDIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
Optionally, the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module specifically includes:
a reference crop transpiration amount calculation submodule for calculating a reference crop transpiration amount of the crop in the study area using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crop, using a PM (Penman-monteith) algorithm, a tw (thornth waite) algorithm, or a PT (Priestlev-tavlor) algorithm;
and the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and the difference value is used as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an agricultural irrigation control method and system, wherein the control method comprises the steps of firstly calibrating a crop growth model based on crop growth related data, carrying out function fitting on the relation between evapotranspiration deficit index and crop water deficit rate, then determining a key water demand period by means of the corrected crop growth model, and calculating the water demand of the key water storage period according to the relation fitting function, so that the corrected crop growth model and the relation fitting function can obtain the support of long-time sequence data of different areas, the calculation accuracy of the water demand period and the water demand of crops in different growth stages is improved, further, irrigation is guided more scientifically, and the crop yield is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling agricultural irrigation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an agricultural irrigation control method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of reference annual meteorological data provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an agricultural irrigation control method and system to improve the calculation accuracy of water demand periods and water demand amounts of crops at different growth stages, so as to guide irrigation more scientifically and improve the crop yield.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The present invention provides an agricultural irrigation control method as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the control method comprising the steps of:
TABLE 1 data sheet relating to crop growth
And 102, calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain the corrected crop growth model of the research area.
The AquaCrop model is a crop growth model developed by FAO and oriented to global popularization, and has the advantages of high model transparency, balanced design, relatively simple requirement on input data and the like. The AquaCrop model can simulate the influence of different water condition changes on photosynthesis, water production efficiency and water stress, and can describe the growth and development process of crops in detail. Is one of important tools for researching agricultural drought disaster management and influence of drought disasters on agriculture.
Step 102 specifically includes: inputting meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops; calculating relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of difference between simulated yield and actual yield of crops; judging whether the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result; if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is not less than the root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not greater than the consistency coefficient threshold, correcting the parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model, and returning to the step of inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops; and if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value and the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value, outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model.
Specifically, the calibration and verification of the model parameters are the basis for scientific research and practical application by using the crop growth model. Since crop growth models are equations describing the growth behavior of different crops, these equations are derived from empirical formulas of experiments, and many parameters vary from time to time, from location to location, and from variety to variety. These parameters need to be calibrated, i.e. model localized, when the model is used specifically.
The localization process of the AquaCrop model comprises calibration and verification, wherein the calibration is respectively carried out according to water control experimental data and multi-year yield data and growth period data of a plurality of agricultural meteorological observation stations in a research area, and the adaptability of the corrected AquaCrop model is verified on the area.
Input data calibration model parameters: and selecting agricultural meteorological observation data near the research area to calibrate the parameters of the crop varieties station by station. The input agricultural meteorological observation data comprise air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, precipitation and the like.
The method for calibrating the model parameters is to calibrate and verify the calibration precision of the model parameters by using a relative root mean square error (N _ RMSE) and a consistency coefficient (d) according to a specific formula (1-4).
Calibrating parameters of the crop model: harvest index, optimum temperature for plant growth, minimum temperature for plant growth, maximum root depth, maximum reduction in vegetation growth rate, total days of growth, initial canopy coverage, etc
Wherein, Coi(i-1, …, N) is the annual normal yield, Csi(i-1, …, N) is the yield of the model simulation for each year. CoIs the average annual yield.
When the N _ RMSE is less than 10%, the simulation effect of the model is considered to be good, when the N _ RMSE is between 10% and 20%, the simulation effect is considered to be good, when the N _ RMSE is between 20% and 30%, the simulation effect is considered to be not poor, the closer to 1 the consistency index d is, the better the consistency between the simulation value and the observed value is, and the closer to 0 the consistency between the simulation value and the observed value is, the worse the consistency between the simulation value and the observed value is. Recalibration of the model is required when N _ RMSE is greater than 30% or when the consistency index d is close to 0.
And 103, simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model, and determining the yield reduction rate of the crops caused by water shortage in different growth stages. The growth phase is a preset time interval in the growth process of crops, the growth phase can be one week or one month, or each growth period of the crops, and preferably, the growth phase is one week.
104, determining a key water-requiring period of crop irrigation according to yield reduction rate caused by water shortage of crops in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is the growth stage of the crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate.
Step 103-104 specifically comprises: dividing the crop growth season into a plurality of growth stages on a week scale, simulating the growth process of each growth stage under the condition of water deficit based on the corrected crop growth model, and analyzing the influence of water deficit on yield in different periods by taking the yield reduction rate as an evaluation index, thereby determining the key period of the most water demand of crops.
The model simulates water deficit data of different growth periods: the method comprises the steps of setting water supply conditions in a mode of controlling precipitation in stages, setting precipitation deficit control with week as a unit and different starting times and different duration lengths, simulating the growth process of crops under the condition of water deficit with different starting periods and different duration lengths by taking an AquaCrop model as a tool, and comparing the yield loss rate with the relative yield loss rate between the yield under the condition of water deficit and the annual yield of a reference year (normal year) by taking the yield loss rate as an evaluation index.
Calculating reference annual meteorological data: the precipitation of the reference year is the average value of the precipitation of many years, and a method of constructing the reference year by week is adopted. The specific principle is shown in fig. 3,
represents the precipitation at week m of year i,
represents the mean value of n years of precipitation, P, at week mmRepresenting the meteorological conditions (including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and precipitation) of the day value of the mth week in the year in which the precipitation of the mth week is closest to the average value of the precipitation of the nth year in the week, PReference yearAnd constructing weather conditions of a reference year with precipitation closest to the historical mean value.
And respectively simulating no precipitation for one continuous week, no precipitation for two continuous weeks, no precipitation for three continuous weeks and no precipitation for four continuous weeks. And (4) respectively inputting the scenes into a model to simulate the water shortage of different stages of the crop development process, and calculating the relative yield reduction rate of different periods.
Determining the key water demand period affecting crop yield: the yield reduction rate is an important index for representing the disaster degree of crops, and refers to the ratio of the actual yield per unit area to the average yield reduction amount under the local productivity level to the local average yield, and is expressed by percentage, and the yield reduction rate caused by water deficiency in different periods to the crops is expressed by a formula:
wherein Y isi,jThe yield reduction rate caused by no precipitation for i weeks is continuously carried out for j growth stages, Yi,jsimuYield under the condition of no precipitation for j week continuous i weeks from growth season simulated by crop growth modelAmount, YreferIs the yield of the reference year (i.e., the yield of the normal year). The yield of the reference year is obtained by simulating the growth and development process of the reference year by an AquaCrop model.
And (4) calculating the yield reduction rate caused by water shortage for 1-4 weeks, wherein the interval in which the yield reduction rate is greater than the threshold of the yield reduction rate is the water-requiring period for the growth of crops.
And 105, constructing a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of the crops by adopting a function fitting mode according to the crop growth related data.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: fitting by using a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes of different key water-requiring periods of the crops and the crop water deficit rate as follows:
CWDRi＝fi(ETDIi)
fi(ETDIi)＝a0i+a1i(cos(ETDIi×wi)+b1i×sin(ETDIi×wi))
wherein, CWDiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; ETDIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
In particular, ETDI at different growth stages is used as the independent variable, i.e. ETDIiAnd fitting by using a first-order Fourier function by using the CWD as a dependent variable to obtain a functional relation between the CWD and the first-order Fourier function.
And 106, when the crops are in the key water-requiring period, calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the crops in the current growth stage by using the meteorological data of the crops in the current growth stage.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating a reference crop transpiration amount of the crop in the research area by using meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crop and adopting a PM (Penman-monteith) algorithm, a TW (thornth white) algorithm or a PT (Priestlev-tavlor) algorithm; and calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and taking the difference value as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
and 108, determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops, and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
Specifically, the Crop Water Deficit Rate (CWDR) is the ratio of the difference between the actual water demand of the crop and the available water demand of the crop in a certain period of time to the actual water demand of the crop in the same period, and the actual water demand ET of the crop in different growth periods can be obtained by deformationmiThe formula is as follows:
wherein, ETaiIs the difference between the actual water demand and the available water demand of crops in different growth periods.
The present invention also provides an agricultural irrigation control system, the control system comprising:
the crop growth related data acquisition module is used for acquiring crop growth related data of a research area, wherein the crop growth related data comprises meteorological data, soil type and distribution data, crop yield data, crop growth data and crop field management observation data;
and the crop growth model calibration module is used for calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain the corrected crop growth model of the research area.
The crop growth model calibration module specifically comprises: the simulated yield obtaining submodule is used for inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops; the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient calculation submodule is used for calculating the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of the difference value of the simulated yield and the actual yield of the crops; the judgment submodule is used for judging whether the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result; a calibration submodule, configured to calibrate parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model if the determination result indicates that the relative root mean square error is not less than a root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not greater than the consistency coefficient threshold, and return to the step "input meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain a simulated yield of the crop"; and the model output submodule is used for outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold and the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold.
The yield reduction rate determining module is used for simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model and determining the yield reduction rate generated by water shortage of the crops at different growth stages;
the key water-demand period determining module is used for determining the key water-demand period of crop irrigation according to the yield reduction rate caused by water shortage of crops in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is a growth stage of crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate;
and the function fitting module is used for constructing a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of the crops by adopting a function fitting mode according to the crop growth related data.
The function fitting module specifically includes: and the function fitting submodule is used for fitting by utilizing a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops as follows:
CWDRi＝fi(ETDIi)
fi(ETDIi)＝a0i+a1i(cos(ETDIi×wi)+b1i×sin(ETDIi×wi))
wherein, CWDRiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; ETDIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
And the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module is used for calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops by using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops when the crops are in the key water-requiring stage.
The evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module specifically comprises: a reference crop transpiration amount calculation submodule for calculating a reference crop transpiration amount of the crop in the study area using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crop, using a PM (Penman-monteith) algorithm, a tw (thornth waite) algorithm, or a PT (Priestlev-tavlor) algorithm; and the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and the difference value is used as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
And the water deficit rate determining module is used for determining the water deficit rate of the crop at the current growth stage by utilizing the relation fitting function according to the evapotranspiration deficit index at the current growth stage.
And the actual water demand determining module is used for determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an agricultural irrigation control method and system, wherein the control method comprises the steps of firstly calibrating a crop growth model based on crop growth related data, carrying out function fitting on the relation between evapotranspiration deficit index and crop water deficit rate, then determining a key water demand period by means of the corrected crop growth model, and calculating the water demand of the key water storage period according to the relation fitting function, so that the corrected crop growth model and the relation fitting function can obtain the support of long-time sequence data of different areas, the calculation accuracy of the water demand period and the water demand of crops in different growth stages is improved, further, irrigation is guided more scientifically, and the crop yield is improved.
The equivalent embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the equivalent embodiments can be referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An agricultural irrigation control method, characterized in that the control method comprises the following steps:
acquiring crop growth related data of a research area, wherein the crop growth related data comprises meteorological data, soil type and distribution data, crop yield data, crop growth data and crop field management observation data;
calibrating the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain a corrected crop growth model of the research area;
simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model, and determining the yield reduction rate of the crops caused by water shortage in different growth stages;
determining the key water-requiring period of crop irrigation according to the yield reduction rate of crops due to water shortage in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is a growth stage of crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate;
according to the crop growth related data, a function fitting mode is adopted to construct a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops;
when the crops are in the key water-requiring period, calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the crops in the current growth stage by using meteorological data of the crops in the current growth stage;
determining the water deficit rate of the crops in the current growth stage by utilizing the relation fitting function according to the evapotranspiration deficit index in the current growth stage;
and determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops, and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
2. The agricultural irrigation control method of claim 1, wherein the calibrating the crop growth model based on the crop growth related data to obtain a modified crop growth model for the area of interest comprises:
inputting meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
calculating relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of difference between simulated yield and actual yield of crops;
judging whether the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result;
if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is not less than the root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not greater than the consistency coefficient threshold, correcting the parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model, and returning to the step of inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
and if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value and the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value, outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model.
3. The agricultural irrigation control method according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a function fitting function of the relationship between the evapotranspiration deficit index and the crop water deficit rate of different key water demand periods of the crops by adopting a function fitting mode according to the crop growth related data specifically comprises the following steps:
fitting by using a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes of different key water-requiring periods of the crops and the crop water deficit rate as follows:
CWDRi＝fi(ETDIi)
fi(ETDIi)＝a0i+a1i(cos(ETDIi×wi)+b1i×sin(ETDIi×wi))
wherein, CWDRiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; ETDIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
4. The method for controlling irrigation of crops according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops by using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops specifically comprises:
calculating the reference crop transpiration amount of the crops in the research area by using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops and adopting a PM algorithm, a TW algorithm or a PT algorithm;
and calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and taking the difference value as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
5. An agricultural irrigation control system, the control system comprising:
the crop growth related data acquisition module is used for acquiring crop growth related data of a research area, wherein the crop growth related data comprises meteorological data, soil type and distribution data, crop yield data, crop growth data and crop field management observation data;
the crop growth model correction module is used for correcting the crop growth model according to the crop growth related data to obtain a corrected crop growth model of the research area;
the yield reduction rate determining module is used for simulating the growth of crops by using the corrected crop growth model and determining the yield reduction rate generated by water shortage of the crops at different growth stages;
the key water-demand period determining module is used for determining the key water-demand period of crop irrigation according to the yield reduction rate caused by water shortage of crops in different growth stages; the key water-demand period is a growth stage of crops with the yield reduction rate larger than the threshold value of the yield reduction rate;
the function fitting module is used for constructing a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops by adopting a function fitting mode according to the crop growth related data;
the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module is used for calculating the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops by using meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops when the crops are in the key water-requiring stage;
the water deficit rate determining module is used for determining the water deficit rate of the crops in the current growth stage by utilizing the relation fitting function according to the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage;
and the actual water demand determining module is used for determining the actual water demand of the current growth stage of the crops according to the water shortage rate of the current growth stage of the crops and irrigating the crops according to the actual water demand.
6. The agricultural irrigation control system of claim 5, wherein the crop growth model calibration module specifically comprises:
the simulated yield obtaining submodule is used for inputting the meteorological data of the crop growth related data into a crop growth model to obtain the simulated yield of the crops;
the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient calculation submodule is used for calculating the relative root mean square error and consistency coefficient of the difference value of the simulated yield and the actual yield of the crops;
the judgment submodule is used for judging whether the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold value or not and whether the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold value or not to obtain a judgment result;
a calibration submodule, configured to calibrate parameters of the calibration model by using a parameter calibration tool of the crop growth model if the determination result indicates that the relative root mean square error is not less than a root mean square error threshold or the consistency coefficient is not greater than the consistency coefficient threshold, and return to the step "input meteorological data of the crop growth related data into the crop growth model to obtain a simulated yield of the crop";
and the model output submodule is used for outputting the crop growth model as a corrected crop growth model if the judgment result shows that the relative root mean square error is smaller than a root mean square error threshold and the consistency coefficient is larger than a consistency coefficient threshold.
7. The agricultural irrigation control system of claim 5, wherein the function fitting module specifically comprises:
and the function fitting submodule is used for fitting by utilizing a first-order Fourier function according to the crop growth related data, and determining a relation fitting function of evapotranspiration deficit indexes and crop water deficit rates of different key water-requiring periods of crops as follows:
wherein, CWDRiRepresenting the crop water deficit rate of the ith key water demand period; SPEIiExpressing the evapotranspiration deficit index of the ith key water demand period; f. ofi(. h) a relationship fitting function representing the ith key water demand period, a0i、a1i、wiAnd b1iAnd respectively representing a first fitting parameter, a second fitting parameter, a third fitting parameter and a fourth fitting parameter of the relation fitting function of the ith key water demand period.
8. The crop irrigation control system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation module specifically comprises:
the reference crop transpiration amount calculation submodule is used for calculating the reference crop transpiration amount of the crops in the research area by using the meteorological data of the current growth stage of the crops and adopting a PM algorithm, a TW algorithm or a PT algorithm;
and the evapotranspiration deficit index calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value between the transpiration amount of the reference crops and the precipitation amount of the current growth stage of the research area, and the difference value is used as the evapotranspiration deficit index of the current growth stage of the crops.
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