CN111525832A - 一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机 - Google Patents
一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，包括压帽，螺旋发电体和底座；压帽中的中心轴插入在底座中的支撑轴中，压帽可沿支撑轴上下移动和旋转；底座内部与螺旋发电体最外层相切合，固定螺旋发电体外部，防止螺旋发电体与底座发生相对滑动。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电子技术领域，涉及一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机。
背景技术
自2012年以来，基于摩擦电和静电感应原理的摩擦纳米发电机发展十分迅速，由于制作工艺简单，材料便宜易得，器件轻便，转化效率高等特点，使得其成为未来机械发电的另一种选择。但是在其走向实用化的道路上仍然存在着一些没有解决的问题。其中摩擦纳米发电机中的摩擦发电装置和驱动摩擦发电装置动作的主动动作装置之间的连接是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题之一。
目前，将往复运动的机械能转换为电能的摩擦纳米发电机，主要使用的是接触起点效应或是滑动摩擦起电模两种模式。接触起电模式的发电器件，输出不平稳，导致得不理想的使用效果。滑动模式由于受接触面积的影响，直接器件的输出效果。
发明内容
其具体技术方案为：
一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，包括压帽，螺旋发电体和底座；
所述螺旋发电体，在沿轴向伸长和收缩时，内摩擦层和外摩擦层由于摩擦起电，产生电荷转移，内感应电极与外感应电极由于静电感应，产生电势差。
压帽中的中心轴插入在底座中的支撑轴中，压帽可沿支撑轴上下移动和旋转。
进一步，底座内部与螺旋发电体最外层相切合，固定螺旋发电体外部，防止螺旋发电体与底座发生相对滑动。
进一步，所述螺旋发电体为锥形螺旋结构，其中心层使用是绝缘弹性材料，是主要支撑部分。
进一步，所述螺旋发电体的中心层使用的厚度在1mm~2.5mm之间。
进一步，所述螺旋发电体内摩擦层与外摩擦层材料存在摩擦电极序差异。
进一步，所述螺旋发电体其结构由内至外别为，外摩擦层，弹性绝缘薄膜，外感应电极，弹性绝缘塑料，内感应电极，弹性绝缘薄膜，内摩擦层。
进一步，所述内摩擦层、内感应电极与外摩擦层、外感应电极在所述螺旋发电体中心层相对两侧且对称。
进一步，螺旋发电体中的内摩擦层和外摩擦层具有微纳米结构。
进一步，所述内摩擦层、外摩擦层与内感应电极、外感应电极之间使用绝缘体材料进行隔离。
进一步，所述内外摩擦层与内外感应电极尺寸相同。
进一步，所诉外摩擦层为绝缘体材料。
进一步，所述内摩擦层为绝缘体材料、半导体材料或者导体材料。
进一步，所述底座内部与螺旋发电体最外层相切合，固定螺旋发电体外部，防止螺旋发电体与底座发生相对滑动。
进一步，所述内摩擦层与外摩擦层始终贴合。
进一步，所述压帽在向下运动时，由于螺旋发电体会整体向下和向内收缩，由于螺旋发电体最外层固定；在压缩过程中，螺旋发电体的内摩擦层与外摩擦层发生相对滑动，发生电荷转移。由于静电效应，内外感应电极产生电势差，产生电流。
进一步，内感应电极与外感应电极之间的距离固定，形成了一个稳定的电容结构，使得螺旋发电体的输出电压更加稳定，输出电流更大。
有益效果：
本发明的目的在于提供一种往复式运动的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，该产品结构简单，体积小，输出平稳，增强输出性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的摩擦纳米发电机的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明摩擦纳米发电机的爆炸结构示意图；
图3为螺旋发电体压缩后，去除后的俯视图；
图4为螺旋发电体内部材料；
图5为螺旋发电体内外摩擦表面的一种微结构；
1-压帽；2-螺旋发电体；3-底座；4-支撑轴；5-中心轴；6-内摩擦层；8-中心层；7-内感应电极；9-外感应电极；10-外摩擦层；11-弹性绝缘薄膜。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
参照图1-图5本发明的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机的主要部分包括压帽1，螺旋发电体2，底座3。其中，螺旋发电体主要由内摩擦层10、内感应电极9、中心层8、外感应电极7、外摩擦层6构成。
螺旋发电体2为锥形螺旋结构，其中心层8为主要支撑，中心层8的材料使用的是绝缘弹性材料。螺旋发电体的每一层螺旋有外一层螺旋在中心层8弹性的作用下，始终保持贴合状体，使得内摩擦层6与外摩擦层10也始终处于贴合状态。
压帽1中的中心轴5插入在底座3中的支撑轴4中，压帽1可沿支撑轴4上下移动和旋转。底座3内部与螺旋发电体最外层相切合，固定螺旋发电体外部，防止螺旋发电体2与底座3发生相对滑动。
外摩擦层6与内摩擦层10存在摩擦电极序差异。压帽1受到压力向下运动时，会给接触压帽的螺旋发电体2的上表面施加压力，使得螺旋发电体2整体向下运动，由于螺旋发电体最外层固定。螺旋发电体最内层会发生一定旋转以完全贴和外一层螺旋。螺旋体的每一层螺旋之间发生相对滑动，使得内摩擦层10与外摩擦层6之间发生相对滑动，产生电荷转移，内摩擦层10与外摩擦层6携带了相反电荷。进而由于静电感应，使得内感应电极9与外感应电极7之间形成了电势差，从而产生电流。
内感应电极9与外感应电极7之间始终保持一定的距离，形成一个相对稳定的电容，可以稳定螺旋发电体2的输出电压，增大输出功率，提高发电机性能。
为增加输出的电能，所述螺旋发电体2中的内摩擦层10、外摩擦层6至少一个表面上具有微纳米结构层。其中，所述微纳米结构层为纳米线、纳米带、纳米颗粒、纳米沟槽、纳米孔洞等。
所述螺旋发电体2中的外摩擦层6的材料为绝缘体，优选为聚合物绝缘体材料，可为如下高分子材料中的一者或多者：聚四氟乙烯，聚二甲基硅氧烷，聚酰亚胺薄膜、苯胺甲醛树脂薄膜、聚甲醛薄膜、乙基纤维素薄膜、聚酰胺薄膜、三聚氰胺甲醛薄膜、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯薄膜、纤维素薄膜、纤维素乙酸酯薄膜、聚己二酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯薄膜、再生纤维海绵薄膜、聚氨酯弹性体薄膜、苯乙烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物薄膜、人造纤维薄膜、聚甲基薄膜，甲基丙烯酸酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚异丁烯薄膜、聚氨酯柔性海绵薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜、酚醛树脂薄膜、氯丁橡胶薄膜、丁二烯丙烯共聚物薄膜、天然橡胶薄膜、聚丙烯腈薄膜、聚( 偏氯乙烯-co- 丙烯腈) 薄膜或聚乙烯丙二酚碳酸盐薄膜，聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯或液晶高分子聚合物、聚氯丁二烯、聚丙烯腈、聚双苯酚碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯。
所述螺旋发电体中的内摩擦层10可以为绝缘体材料，也可以为半导体、导体材料。绝缘体材料可以从上述材料中选取，也可以从无机绝缘材料中选择。常用的半导体包括硅、锗；第Ⅲ和第Ⅴ族化合物，例如砷化镓、磷化镓等；第Ⅱ和第Ⅵ族化合物，例如硫化镉、硫化锌等；以及由Ⅲ - Ⅴ族化合物和Ⅱ - Ⅵ族化合物组成的固溶体，例如镓铝砷、镓砷磷等。除上述晶态半导体外，还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、有机半导体等。非导电性氧化物、半导体氧化物和复杂氧化物，例如锰、铬、铁、铜的氧化物，还包括氧化硅、氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化锌、BiO2和Y 2O3也可以作为滚动体的表面材料。所述导体材料可以为金属材料，可为铝、铜、铁、金、银、镍、铬、钛、锆、锰、锌及其合金，但并不以此为限。
所述螺旋发电体2中外摩擦层6与内摩擦层10的材料之间存在摩擦电极序差异，且两者摩擦电极序差异越大，此发电机输出效能越好。
所述螺旋发电体2在运动时，与压帽2、底座3存在摩擦。需要对螺旋发电体2与压帽2的接触面以及螺旋发电体2与底座3的接触面使用耐磨材料进行包边，以及抛光处理。提高螺旋发电体的寿命，减小螺旋发电体运动过程中的阻力。螺旋发电体2中的内感应电极9与外感应电极7，分别连接导线引出，形成电能输出电能。
螺旋发电体2其材料由内至外别为，外摩擦层6，弹性绝缘薄膜11，外感应电极7，弹性绝缘塑料8，内感应电极9，弹性绝缘薄膜11，内摩擦层6。外摩擦层10采用较以失电材料，内摩擦层6采用较易得电的材料，并通过特殊加工工艺保持摩擦层具有较高的电荷密度。中心的弹性塑料为螺旋发电体的主要支撑，并对内外感应电极进行绝缘。内外感应电极主要使用导电油墨或导电金属等材料。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，包括压帽，螺旋发电体和底座；压帽中的中心轴插入在底座中的支撑轴中，压帽能沿支撑轴上下移动和旋转；底座内部与螺旋发电体最外层相切合，固定螺旋发电体外部，防止螺旋发电体与底座发生相对滑动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述螺旋发电体为锥形螺旋结构，其中心层使用是绝缘弹性材料，是主要支撑部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，述螺旋发电体的中心层使用的厚度在1mm~2.5mm之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述螺旋发电体内摩擦层与外摩擦层材料存在摩擦电极序差异。
5.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述螺旋发电体其结构由内至外别为，外摩擦层，弹性绝缘薄膜，外感应电极，弹性绝缘塑料，内感应电极，弹性绝缘薄膜，内摩擦层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内摩擦层、内感应电极与外摩擦层、外感应电极在所述螺旋发电体中心层相对两侧且对称。
7.根据权利要求5所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，螺旋发电体中的内摩擦层和外摩擦层具有微纳米结构。
8.根据权利要求5所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内摩擦层、外摩擦层与内感应电极、外感应电极之间使用绝缘体材料进行隔离。
9.根据权利要求5所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内外摩擦层与内外感应电极尺寸相同。
10.根据权利要求5所述的螺旋结构摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所诉外摩擦层为绝缘体材料。
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