CN111525816A - Power supply regulating circuit and method and power supply - Google Patents
Power supply regulating circuit and method and power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525816A CN111525816A CN202010353545.6A CN202010353545A CN111525816A CN 111525816 A CN111525816 A CN 111525816A CN 202010353545 A CN202010353545 A CN 202010353545A CN 111525816 A CN111525816 A CN 111525816A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/44—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
- H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
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Abstract
The invention provides a power supply regulating circuit, a method and a power supply, wherein the circuit comprises: the control module outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the acquired duty ratio; the adjusting module is connected with the control module and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the PWM control signal to adjust the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes; and the flyback module is connected with the regulating module and is used for regulating the output voltage connected to the load according to the number of turns of the primary winding. The invention adjusts the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer so as to match the current most appropriate turn ratio and inductance value for the power supply, thereby realizing the expansion of the voltage input range and the improvement of the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply control, in particular to a power supply regulating circuit, a method and a power supply.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the power supply application field, the requirements on the power supply application field are higher and higher. Under the condition that some input voltage ranges are wide or various voltage levels are compatible, a common power supply often cannot meet the requirements, and the common power supply cannot normally operate, or current sudden change, low conversion efficiency, serious heating and even power supply and load damage are caused due to the wide range.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a power supply design circuit with a wide range of inputs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power supply regulating circuit, a method and a power supply, which can be used for regulating the number of turns of a primary side of a transformer so as to match the current most appropriate turn ratio and inductance value for the power supply, and can be used for expanding the voltage input range and improving the efficiency.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the present invention provides a power supply regulating circuit, comprising:
the control module is used for outputting the PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module is connected with the control module and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module is connected with the control module and used for controlling and outputting stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal, and is also connected with the regulating module and used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes.
Further, the flyback module includes: high-frequency transformer, diode, high-frequency switch; the high-frequency transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
a first pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with the control module, a second pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with a first polarity interface of the voltage bus, and a third pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding;
the primary winding comprises at least two primary windings, the selection end of the adjusting module is used for being connected with the target end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the fixed end of the adjusting module is connected with the second polarity interface of the voltage bus, and the secondary winding is connected with the load.
Further, the control module includes: a feedback unit and a control chip; the feedback unit is used for acquiring actual output voltage and outputting a feedback signal to the control chip;
the control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal, and a PWM control pin of the control chip is connected with the first pole of the high-frequency switch to adjust the on-off time of the high-frequency switch, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load required voltage range;
and a switch selection pin of the control chip is connected with a signal input port of the adjusting module.
Further, the feedback unit includes: a photoelectric coupler and a three-terminal regulator;
the first interface of the photoelectric coupler is connected with output voltage, the second interface of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the first interface of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer, and the second interface and the third interface of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer are grounded after being connected through a resistor;
and the third interface and the fourth interface of the photoelectric coupler are connected through a capacitor and then output the feedback signal.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a voltage detection module;
the first input end and the second input end of the voltage detection module are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the voltage bus, and the voltage detection module is used for detecting input voltage accessed at the input ends;
and the control module is connected with the voltage detection module and is also used for judging whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the duty ratio of the PWM control signal and/or the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the judgment result.
The invention also provides a power supply, which is provided with the power supply regulating circuit, and the power supply regulating circuit comprises:
the control module is used for outputting the PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module is connected with the control module and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module is connected with the control module and used for controlling and outputting stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal, and is also connected with the regulating module and used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes.
The invention also provides a power supply regulating method, which is applied to the power supply regulating circuit and comprises the following steps:
the control module outputs a PWM control signal and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module controls the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module adjusts the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes, and controls and outputs stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal.
Further, the control module includes: a feedback unit and a control chip; the outputting the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control chip acquires a preset load required voltage range;
the feedback unit collects actual output voltage and outputs a feedback signal to the control chip;
and the control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal and the preset output voltage, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load demand voltage range.
Further, the circuit further comprises: the method also comprises the following steps: a voltage detection module; the voltage detection module is used for detecting input voltage accessed at the input end; the outputting of the corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control module acquires a primary winding inductance value corresponding to the duty ratio of a preset PWM control signal and a primary winding inductance value corresponding to an input voltage range;
and the control module judges whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty ratio of the PWM control signal output by the control module, and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the judgment result.
Further, the step of the control module determining whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the control module, and outputting the corresponding gear selection signal according to the determination result includes:
and the control module searches a corresponding target primary winding according to the actual PWM duty ratio and/or the input voltage matching obtained by detection, and outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the target primary winding.
By the power supply regulating circuit, the method and the power supply, the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer can be regulated so as to match the current most appropriate turn ratio and inductance value for the power supply, and the expansion of a voltage input range and the improvement of efficiency are realized.
Drawings
The above features, technical features, advantages and implementations of a power supply regulation circuit, method and power supply will be further described in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments in a clearly understandable manner, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power supply regulation circuit of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a power conditioning circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
For the sake of simplicity, the drawings only schematically show the parts relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product. In addition, in order to make the drawings concise and understandable, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are only schematically illustrated or only labeled. In this document, "one" means not only "only one" but also a case of "more than one".
One embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, is a power supply regulation circuit comprising:
the control module 2 is used for outputting a PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module 1 is connected with the control module 2 and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module 3 is connected with the control module 2, is used for controlling and outputting a stable output voltage (Vout) according to the PWM control signal, and is simultaneously connected with the regulating module 1, and is used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages (Vin) with different sizes.
Specifically, in order to meet the requirement of wide-range voltage input, in the prior art, by reasonably designing the transformer turn ratio of the power supply, in the embodiment, outputting corresponding gear selection signals through the duty ratio of input voltage and/or PWM control signals, enabling the adjusting module 1 to control the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signals, thereby enabling the flyback module 3 to adjust the number of turns of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding and different access states, adjusting the number of turns of the primary winding in real time, since the ratio of the input voltage (Vin) to the output voltage (Vout) across the transformer is directly proportional to the primary-secondary turn ratio, the output voltage (Vout) is proportional to the primary-secondary turn ratio, when the input voltage (Vin) changes, the output voltage (Vout) is kept within a certain range by adjusting the number of turns of the primary winding, so that the expansion of the input range of the power voltage and the improvement of the working efficiency are realized. In addition, the flyback module 3 controls and outputs a stable output voltage (Vout) according to the PWM control signal, so that the stability of the output voltage (Vout) is maintained while the power efficiency is improved, and the electrical safety and the service life of the load are improved.
Based on the foregoing embodiment, the flyback module 3 includes: a high-frequency transformer T1, a diode D1 and a high-frequency switch; the high-frequency transformer T1 comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
a first pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with the control module 2, a second pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with a first polarity interface of the voltage bus, and a third pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with a connecting end of the primary winding;
the primary winding of the high-frequency transformer T1 comprises at least two primary windings, the selection end of the adjusting module 1 is connected with the target end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the fixed end of the adjusting module 1 is connected with the second polarity interface of the voltage bus, and the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer T1 is connected with the load.
Specifically, the secondary winding is connected in series with a diode D1 and then connected in parallel with a filter capacitor C1 and a load R1, respectively. The high-frequency transformer T1 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding includes at least two primary windings (sequentially denoted as N1 and N2 … Nn), and the secondary winding includes a plurality of secondary windings. Each primary winding and each secondary winding respectively comprise an initial end and a terminating end, at least two primary windings are connected in series end to end through the initial ends and the terminating ends, and a target end (including the initial end or the terminating end) of each primary winding can be led out to be connected with a selection end of the adjusting module 1. Of course, the selection terminal of the adjustment module 1 is connected to the tap led out from the target terminal of one target primary winding in the primary windings.
Calculating the duty ratio of the high-frequency transformer:
where D is the duty cycle, n is the primary to secondary turn ratio and n is the number of primary turns/secondary turns, VoutIs the output voltage, V, required by the loadinIs the input voltage tapped from the voltage bus.
According to the law of conservation of energy, the method comprises the following steps:
according to the relationship among inductance, current, voltage, and period:
substituting formula (3) for formula (2) to obtain:
wherein L isNnIs the inductance value corresponding to the primary winding Nn in the primary winding,
the inductance value sum of the primary winding connected into the primary winding is obtained, P is input power supply power connected into the voltage bus, F is the switching frequency of the high-frequency switch, T is the working period of the high-frequency switch, T is 1/F, and Ip is the current value corresponding to the primary winding Nn in the primary winding.
In particular, when the selection end of the adjustment module 1 is in gear 1, i.e. the adjustment module 1Is connected with the target end of the primary winding N1, the primary winding connected at the moment is N1, the secondary winding is N0, and the inductance value of the primary winding, namely the inductance value of the primary winding at the moment is LN1。
As can be seen from equation (1), when the input voltage (Vin) gradually increases, the duty ratio D becomes smaller and smaller as the input voltage (Vin) becomes larger and larger, the duty ratio D becomes smaller and higher in the requirement for control regulation, and once the regulation is unbalanced, the output voltage (Vout) may be drastically changed, resulting in unstable final output voltage (Vout).
At this time, if the adjusting module 1 is controlled to make the selecting end of the adjusting module 1 located at the gear 2, that is, the selecting end of the adjusting module 1 is connected to the target end of the target primary winding N2 in the primary winding, so that the primary winding connected at the current moment is N1+ N2, and the inductance value of the primary winding is LN1+LN2The secondary winding is N0 unchanged. Then, according to the formula (1), the original secondary side turn ratio N is changed from N1/N0 to (N1+ N2)/N0, and the duty ratio D can reach a proper range, so that stable voltage is output.
In addition, according to the equation (2), if the inductance of the primary winding is LN1Is changed into LN1+LN2And the current value Ip corresponding to the primary winding Nn in the primary winding is also reduced, which plays a great role in reducing the loss of the power supply and greatly improves the working efficiency of the power supply. When the input voltage is detected to be higher, the analogy is repeated until the duty ratio reaches the preset duty ratio range.
Similarly, when the selection end of the adjustment module 1 is in the shift 2 or N, that is, the selection end of the adjustment module 1 is connected to the target end of the primary winding N2 (or the primary winding Nn), the primary winding connected at this time is N1+ N2 (or N1+ N2+ … + Nn-1+ Nn) and the secondary winding is N0, and the inductance value of the primary winding at this time, that is, the inductance value of the primary winding, is LN1+LN2(or
) When the input voltage is detected to be reduced, the adjusting module 1 is controlled to enable the selection end of the adjusting module 1 to be located at the gear n-1, namely the selection end of the adjusting module 1 is connected with the target end of the target primary winding Nn-1 in the primary winding, so that when the input voltage is detected to be reduced, the selecting end of the adjusting module 1 is connected with the target end of the target primary winding Nn-The primary winding accessed at the previous moment is N1+ N2+ … + Nn-1. When the input voltage is detected to be higher, the analogy is repeated until the duty ratio reaches the preset duty ratio range.
Preferably, when the fixed end of the regulating module 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage bus, the connection end of the primary winding is the terminal end of the last primary winding. When the fixed end of the adjusting module 1 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage bus, the connecting end of the primary winding is the initial end of the first primary winding. The series connection sequence of the primary windings of the primary winding is not necessarily the same as the sequence number of the primary windings.
Preferably, the regulating module 1 includes, but is not limited to, any one of the following: a selection switch, a relay or a contactor.
Preferably, the high frequency switch includes, but is not limited to, any one of: n-type MOS transistor NM1, P-type MOS transistor PM1, N-type IGBT (N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor), P-type IGBT (P-type insulated gate bipolar transistor), and a triode.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2, the adjusting module 1 is a selection switch 11, and the high-frequency switch in the flyback module 3 is an N-type MOS transistor NM 1. Specifically, at this time, a tap is led out from the initial end of each primary winding in the primary winding, so that the selection end X of the selection switch 11 is conveniently connected with the tap of one of the initial ends, and the connection end of the primary winding is the final end of the last primary winding, i.e., the primary winding Nn. The first, second and third poles of the high frequency switch are the gate G, source S and drain D of the N-type MOS transistor NM1, respectively. The first polarity port of the voltage bus is a positive pole, and the second polarity port of the voltage bus is a negative pole. The fixed end K of the selector switch 11 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage bus, the selection end X of the selector switch 11 is connected with the initial end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the source S of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage bus and grounded, the drain D of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding, namely the terminating end of the last primary winding, namely the primary winding Nn, and the grid G of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the control module 2.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, the adjusting module 1 is a selection switch 11, and the high-frequency switch is a P-type MOS transistor PM 1. Specifically, at this time, a tap is led out from the terminating end of each primary winding in the primary winding, so that the selection end X of the selection switch 11 is conveniently connected with the tap of one of the terminating ends, and the connection end of the primary winding is the initial end of the first primary winding, i.e., the primary winding N1. The first pole, the second pole and the third pole of the high frequency switch are the gate G, the drain D and the source S of the P-type MOS transistor PM1, respectively. The first polarity port of the voltage bus is a negative electrode, and the second polarity port of the voltage bus is a positive electrode. The fixed end K of the selector switch 11 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage bus, the selection end X of the selector switch 11 is connected with the terminal end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the source S of the P-type MOS tube PM1 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage bus, the drain D of the P-type MOS tube PM1 is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding, namely the initial end of the primary winding Nn, and the gate G of the P-type MOS tube PM1 is connected with the control module 2.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the adjusting module 1 is a relay 12, and the high-frequency switch is an N-type MOS transistor NM 1. Specifically, at this time, taps are led out from the initial ends of the primary windings in the primary winding, so that the selection end X of the relay 12 is conveniently connected with the tap of one of the initial ends, and the connection end of the primary winding is the termination end of the last primary winding, i.e., the primary winding N1. The first, second and third poles of the high frequency switch are the gate G, source S and drain D of the N-type MOS transistor NM1, respectively. The first polarity port of the voltage bus is a positive pole, and the second polarity port of the voltage bus is a negative pole. The fixed end K of the relay 12 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage bus, the selection end X of the relay 12 is connected with the initial end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the source electrode S of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage bus and grounded, the drain electrode D of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding, namely the terminating end of the primary winding N1, and the grid electrode G of the N-type MOS tube NM1 is connected with the control module 2. As shown in fig. 4, the power supply design example with voltage input range of 18V-150V, output voltage (Vout) of 5V and power of 8W works: the initial state of the relay 12 is that the relay is closed at the gear 1, and the turn ratio of the primary side to the secondary side is 22: and 7, the primary inductance value is 86 uH. When the input voltage (Vin) is detected to exceed 65V, the relay 12 is switched from the gear 1 to the gear 2 and is closed, and the original negative side turn ratio is 64: and 7, the primary side inductance value is 286uH, and when the input voltage (Vin) is detected to be lower than 55V, the relay 12K returns to the initial state again and is closed at the gear 1.
Illustratively, the regulating module 1 is a relay 12, and the high-frequency switch is an N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor. Specifically, at this time, taps are led out from the initial ends of the primary windings in the primary winding, so that the selection end X of the relay 12 is conveniently connected with the tap of one of the initial ends, and the connection end of the primary winding is the termination end of the last primary winding, i.e., the primary winding N1. The first pole, the second pole and the third pole of the high-frequency switch are respectively a gate pole, a collector electrode and an emitter electrode of the N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor. The first polarity port of the voltage bus is a positive pole, and the second polarity port of the voltage bus is a negative pole. The fixed end K of the relay 12 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage bus, the selection end X of the relay 12 is connected with the initial end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the collector of the N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage bus and grounded, the emitter of the N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding, namely the terminal end of the primary winding N1, and the gate of the N-type insulated gate bipolar transistor is connected with the control module 2.
In this embodiment, the number of turns of the primary winding is adjusted in real time by connecting the selection terminal X of the obtained current duty ratio control adjustment module 1 with the target terminal of the target primary winding in the primary winding, so as to match the current most appropriate turn ratio and inductance value for the power supply, thereby expanding the voltage input range and improving the efficiency.
Based on the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the control module 2 further includes a feedback unit 5 and a control chip 6; the feedback unit 5 is connected with the control chip 6 and used for collecting actual output voltage (Vout) and outputting a feedback signal Vk to the control chip 6;
the control chip 6 outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal, and a PWM control pin of the control chip 6 is connected with the first pole of the high-frequency switch to adjust the on-off time of the high-frequency switch, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load required voltage range;
and a switch selection pin of the control chip 6 is connected with a signal input port of the regulating module 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the feedback unit 5 includes: a photoelectric coupler (U1) and a three-terminal regulator (U2);
a first interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) is connected with an output voltage (Vout), a second interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) is connected with a first interface of a three-terminal regulator (U2), and a second interface and a third interface of the three-terminal regulator (U2) are connected through a resistor and then grounded;
and the third interface and the fourth interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) are connected through a capacitor and then output a feedback signal Vk.
Specifically, a corresponding gear selection signal is output according to the duty ratio of the input voltage and/or the PWM control signal, the connection state of the selection terminal X of the selection switch 11 and the initial terminal of the target primary winding is controlled according to the gear selection signal, the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance of the primary winding are adjusted by connecting the selection terminal X and the target primary winding to adapt to input voltages of different sizes, a feedback signal Vk is output according to the actual output voltage (Vout) detected by the feedback unit 5, and the on-off time of the high-frequency switch is adjusted according to the feedback signal Vk, so that the output voltage (Vout) is within a preset output voltage range.
Specifically, a first interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) is respectively connected with first ends of a first resistor (R12) and a second resistor (R13), a second end of the first resistor (R12) is connected with a first end of a third resistor (R14) and connected to an output voltage (Vout), and a second end of the third resistor (R14) is connected with a second end of a second resistor (R13) through a first capacitor (C22). The second end of the second resistor (R13) is also connected with the second interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) and the first interface of the three-terminal voltage regulator (U2), the second interface of the three-terminal voltage regulator (U2) is connected with the second end of the third resistor (R14) and the first end of the fourth resistor (R15), and the third interface of the three-terminal voltage regulator (U2) is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor (R15) and then grounded. And a third interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) is connected with the first end of the second capacitor (C21) and then grounded, and a fourth interface of the photoelectric coupler (U1) is connected with the second end of the second capacitor (C21) and then outputs a feedback signal Vk.
Here, the model of the three-terminal regulator (U2) is TL431, TL432, or HX431, and the model of the photocoupler (U1) is TLP521-4, 6N 136. The whole circuit uses closed-loop control, a needed feedback unit 5 can adopt a combined circuit of a photoelectric coupler (U1) and a three-terminal regulator (U2), a feedback signal Vk is output according to the actual output voltage (Vout) detected by the feedback unit 5, a feedback input pin of a control chip 6 is connected into the feedback signal Vk, so that whether the feedback signal Vk is higher than the maximum value of a preset reference voltage range or not is judged according to the feedback signal Vk, and if the feedback signal Vk is the maximum value of the preset reference voltage range, the duty ratio is required to be reduced, and a corresponding first PWM control signal is output. And judging whether the feedback signal Vk is lower than the minimum value of the preset reference voltage range or not according to the feedback signal Vk, and if so, increasing the duty ratio to output a corresponding second PWM control signal.
The PWM control pin of the control chip 6 is connected to the first pole of the high frequency switch, and the high frequency switch reduces the on-time of the high frequency switch according to the received first PWM control signal, so as to reduce the energy storage duration of the high frequency transformer T1, and make the output voltage (Vout) within the preset output voltage range. Of course, the high frequency switch adjusts the on-off time of the high frequency switch according to the received second PWM control signal, so that the on-time of the high frequency switch is increased, so as to increase the energy storage duration of the high frequency transformer T1, and make the output voltage (Vout) within the preset output voltage range.
In this embodiment, the output voltage (Vout) is subjected to feedback regulation by the PWM control signal, the output voltage (Vout) is subjected to detection feedback through the flyback module 3 and the feedback unit 5, and is regulated according to the change of the input voltage (Vin), so that the power efficiency is improved while the stability of the output voltage (Vout) is maintained, meanwhile, the whole circuit always keeps closed-loop operation, and there is no switching state between open-loop and closed-loop, so that the stability of the output voltage (Vout) is further improved, and further, the load connected to the output voltage (Vout) is protected, and the power consumption safety and the service life of the load are improved.
Based on the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the power supply regulating circuit further includes a voltage detecting module 4;
a first input end and a second input end of the voltage detection module 4 are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the voltage bus, and the voltage detection module 4 is used for detecting an input voltage (Vin) accessed at the input ends;
the control module 2 is connected with the voltage detection module 4, and the control module 2 is configured to calculate a duty ratio according to a preset output voltage (Vout), a preset input voltage (Vin) or an input voltage (Vin) detected by the voltage detection module 4, a previous primary winding turn number before switching the access state of the primary winding, and a previous primary winding inductance value.
Specifically, the voltage detection module 4 detects the input voltage (Vin) connected to the input terminal, and continues the above embodiment to calculate the duty ratio.
The primary winding inductance value can be directly obtained by searching according to the calculated duty ratio and a first mapping list, the first mapping list comprises the corresponding relation between the duty ratio and the primary winding inductance value, so that the corresponding target primary winding is searched according to the primary winding inductance value, and then the corresponding PWM control signal is output according to the target primary winding, so that the adjusting module 1 controls the selection end X to be switched and connected with the target end of the corresponding target primary winding. The required inductance of the primary winding can be obtained according to equation (4) in combination with a suitable duty ratio D, and for example, when the suitable duty ratio is 20% to 30%, the inductance of the corresponding primary winding is L1. When the duty ratio is 30% -40%, the inductance value of the corresponding primary winding is L1+ L2. The specific duty ratio and the inductance of the primary winding are set according to practical conditions and experience. And controlling a selection end X of the selection switch 11 to switch the connection state with a target end of the target primary winding according to the PWM control signal, acquiring the inductance value of the current primary winding and the number of turns of the current primary winding after the selection end X is connected with the target primary winding, and calculating to obtain the duty ratio according to the formula. And if the calculated duty ratio is out of the preset duty ratio range, controlling the selection terminal X to continue to switch the connection state with the target terminal of the target primary winding until the duty ratio is in the preset duty ratio range. And if the calculated duty ratio is within the preset duty ratio range, stopping controlling the switching connection of the selection end X and the target end of the primary winding.
The primary winding inductance value can be directly obtained by searching according to the input voltage (Vin) obtained by detection and a second mapping list, the second mapping list comprises the corresponding relation between the input voltage (Vin) and the primary winding inductance value, so that the corresponding target primary winding is searched according to the primary winding inductance value, and further, the corresponding PWM control signal is output according to the target primary winding, so that the adjusting module 1 controls the selection end X to be switched to be connected with the target end of the corresponding target primary winding.
The first primary winding inductance value can be obtained by searching according to the calculated duty ratio and the first mapping list, the second primary winding inductance value can be obtained by searching according to the input voltage (Vin) obtained by detection and the second mapping list, the first mapping list comprises the corresponding relation between the duty ratio and the primary winding inductance value, the second mapping list comprises the corresponding relation between the input voltage (Vin) and the primary winding inductance value, so that the target primary winding inductance value is obtained by performing mean value calculation or weight calculation according to the first primary winding inductance value and the second primary winding inductance value, the corresponding target primary winding is searched according to the target primary winding inductance value, and the adjusting module 1 controls the selecting terminal X to be switched to be connected with the target terminal of the corresponding target primary winding according to the corresponding PWM control signal output by the target primary winding.
Specifically, in order to achieve that the output voltage (Vout) can meet the actual requirement, in the prior art, the transformer turn ratio of the power supply is reasonably designed to improve the conversion efficiency of the output voltage (Vout), however, as the transformer turn ratio is designed to be optimal, the duty ratio of the power supply module is kept unchanged at the maximum along with the reduction of the input voltage (Vin), and the output voltage (Vout) is reduced along with the reduction of the input voltage (Vin), so that the power supply module works in an open loop state, and the output voltage (Vout) cannot be kept within a certain voltage range, thereby causing the output voltage (Vout) to be unstable. The control regulation module 1 of the invention has various judgment conditions for connecting with the target end of the target primary winding, and can directly use the current duty ratio as a judgment standard, directly use the input voltage (Vin) as the judgment standard, or judge in a mode of combining the input voltage (Vin) with the current duty ratio, and the like. If only duty ratio is selected as the judgment condition, the voltage detection module 4 can be omitted in the whole scheme, as shown in fig. 1-3 and 5-6, the control module 2 directly calculates the current duty ratio according to the preset input voltage (Vin) and output voltage (Vout) to judge, and compares the current duty ratio with the proper duty ratio range to match and select the gear.
In this embodiment, the selection terminal X of the adjustment module 1 is controlled to be connected with the target terminal of the target primary winding in the primary winding through the obtained current duty ratio and/or the obtained input voltage (Vin), so as to adjust the number of turns of the primary winding in real time.
The invention can be used as the gear switching judgment condition for controlling the regulating module 1 according to the input voltage (Vin) and/or the current duty ratio, thereby regulating the primary winding parameters (including the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding) of the transformer according to the judgment result, matching the current most appropriate primary-secondary turn ratio and the current most appropriate primary winding inductance value for the power supply, and realizing the purposes of expanding the voltage input range and improving the working efficiency.
An embodiment of the present invention is a power supply provided with the power supply regulating circuit described in the above embodiment, the power supply regulating circuit including:
the control module 2 is used for outputting a PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module 1 is connected with the control module 2 and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module 3 is connected with the control module 2 and used for controlling and outputting stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal, and is also connected with the regulating module 1 and used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes.
Specifically, this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the circuit embodiment, and specific effects refer to the circuit embodiment, which is not described in detail herein.
An embodiment of the present invention, a power supply adjusting method, and a power supply adjusting circuit according to the above embodiment, the method includes:
s100, the control module 2 outputs a PWM control signal and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
s200, the adjusting module 1 controls the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and S300, the flyback module 3 adjusts the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding to adapt to input voltages with different sizes, and controls to output stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal.
Preferably, the control module 2 includes: a feedback unit and a control chip 6; the outputting the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control chip 6 acquires a preset load demand voltage range;
the feedback unit collects actual output voltage and outputs a feedback signal to the control chip 6;
and the control chip 6 outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal and the preset output voltage, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load demand voltage range.
Preferably, the power supply regulation circuit further includes: a voltage detection module; the voltage detection module is used for detecting input voltage accessed at the input end; the outputting of the corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control module 2 acquires a primary winding inductance value corresponding to a preset duty ratio of the PWM control signal, and presets a primary winding inductance value corresponding to an input voltage range;
the control module 2 judges whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty ratio of the PWM control signal output by the control module 2, and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the judgment result.
Preferably, the step of the control module 2 determining whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the control module 2, and outputting the corresponding gear selection signal according to the determination result includes:
and the control module 2 searches a corresponding target primary winding according to the actual PWM duty ratio and/or the input voltage matching obtained by detection, and outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the target primary winding.
Specifically, this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the circuit embodiment, and specific effects refer to the circuit embodiment, which is not described in detail herein.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or recited in detail in a certain embodiment.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A power supply regulation circuit, comprising:
the control module is used for outputting the PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module is connected with the control module and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module is connected with the control module and used for controlling and outputting stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal, and is also connected with the regulating module and used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes.
2. The power supply regulation circuit of claim 1, wherein the flyback module comprises: high-frequency transformer, diode, high-frequency switch; the high-frequency transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
a first pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with the control module, a second pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with a first polarity interface of the voltage bus, and a third pole of the high-frequency switch is connected with the connecting end of the primary winding;
the primary winding comprises at least two primary windings, the selection end of the adjusting module is used for being connected with the target end of the target primary winding in the primary winding, the fixed end of the adjusting module is connected with the second polarity interface of the voltage bus, and the secondary winding is connected with the load.
3. The power supply regulation circuit of claim 2, wherein the control module comprises: a feedback unit and a control chip; the feedback unit is used for acquiring actual output voltage and outputting a feedback signal to the control chip;
the control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal, and a PWM control pin of the control chip is connected with the first pole of the high-frequency switch to adjust the on-off time of the high-frequency switch, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load required voltage range;
and a switch selection pin of the control chip is connected with a signal input port of the adjusting module.
4. The power supply regulation circuit of claim 3, wherein the feedback unit comprises: a photoelectric coupler and a three-terminal regulator;
the first interface of the photoelectric coupler is connected with output voltage, the second interface of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the first interface of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer, and the second interface and the third interface of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer are grounded after being connected through a resistor;
and the third interface and the fourth interface of the photoelectric coupler are connected through a capacitor and then output the feedback signal.
5. The power supply regulation circuit of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising: a voltage detection module;
the first input end and the second input end of the voltage detection module are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the voltage bus, and the voltage detection module is used for detecting input voltage accessed at the input ends;
and the control module is connected with the voltage detection module and is also used for judging whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the duty ratio of the PWM control signal and/or the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the judgment result.
6. A power supply characterized by being provided with the power supply regulation circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5, the power supply regulation circuit comprising:
the control module is used for outputting the PWM control signal and outputting a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module is connected with the control module and used for controlling the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module is connected with the control module and used for controlling and outputting stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal, and is also connected with the regulating module and used for regulating the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes.
7. A power supply regulation method applied to the power supply regulation circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising the steps of:
the control module outputs a PWM control signal and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the duty ratio of the PWM control signal;
the adjusting module controls the access state of the primary winding according to the gear selection signal;
and the flyback module adjusts the number of turns of the primary winding and the inductance value of the primary winding according to the access state of the primary winding so as to adapt to input voltages with different sizes, and controls and outputs stable output voltage according to the PWM control signal.
8. The power supply regulation method of claim 7, wherein the control module comprises: a feedback unit and a control chip; the outputting the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control chip acquires a preset load required voltage range;
the feedback unit collects actual output voltage and outputs a feedback signal to the control chip;
and the control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the feedback signal and the preset output voltage, so that the output voltage is kept within a preset load demand voltage range.
9. The power supply regulation method of claim 7 or 8, further comprising: a voltage detection module; the voltage detection module is used for detecting input voltage accessed at the input end; the outputting of the corresponding gear selection signal according to the input voltage and/or the PWM control signal includes the steps of:
the control module acquires a primary winding inductance value corresponding to the duty ratio of a preset PWM control signal and a primary winding inductance value corresponding to an input voltage range;
and the control module judges whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty ratio of the PWM control signal output by the control module, and outputs a corresponding gear selection signal according to the judgment result.
10. The power supply regulation method of claim 9, wherein the step of the control module determining whether to change the access state of the primary winding according to the input voltage detected by the voltage detection module and/or the actual PWM duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the control module, and outputting the corresponding gear selection signal according to the determination result comprises the steps of:
and the control module searches a corresponding target primary winding according to the actual PWM duty ratio and/or the input voltage matching obtained by detection, and outputs a corresponding PWM control signal according to the target primary winding.
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